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Distortions of apparent velocity: a new optical illusion.

To an observer whose one eye is covered with a relatively strong filter (approximately 90 percent extinction) and who views a landscape from the side window of a moving automobile, the velocity of the vehicle appears to be markedly reduced when the uncovered eye is in the forward or leading position (in the sense of motion of the vehicle); the velocity seems to be increased when the covered eye is in the leading position. The illusion of reduced velocity is accompanied by an apparent dwarfing of objects near the roadside and an apparent foreshortening of the distance between object and observer; the illusion of increased velocity is accompanied by an apparent increase in size of objects and an increase in their apparent distance. These illusions can be understood as corollaries of the well-known Pulfrich phenomenon.

Humans↗

[Thoracic pseudo-lesions induced by inadequate methodology, optical illusions, and anatomical variations].

False-positive or over-calling of findings at chest radiography may have important consequences by generating numerous and unnecessary examinations. The advances made in thoracic imaging have currently decreased the number of technical errors. However, we are frequently confronted with visual illusions or with failure to recognize anatomical variants, either congenital, age-related or physiological in nature. Other difficulties are due to functional variations. Over-calling depends on the clinical context, which may inadequately suggest an interstitial lung process, abnormalities of the vascularization or of the hila. In this article, several examples of false positives will be illustrated. An explanation for these appearances, based on the underlying etiology, will be provided.

Age Factors↗