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Predictive value of cancer statistics.

The value of routinely collected cancer statistics for hypothesis generation and for risk prediction is examined in relation to age, place, migration, time, anatomical sub-site, morphology, and occupation. Current descriptive epidemiological data of this nature reflect the carcinogenic exposures of the past 40 years, and are thus useful for generating hypotheses. While they do not permit prediction of risk associated with a new substance entering the environment, once etiology for a given cancer is known, the likely course of events unless preventive action is taken can be forecast on the basis of existing statistics.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

City differences in racial occupational differentiation: a note on the use of odds ratios.

This note considers whether city differences in racial occupational distribution are best investigated using measures of nominal differentiation or measures of inequality, and argues that measures of inequality are better suited for testing the prevailing theories of race differences in occupation distribution. It also defends the Index of Net Difference and the Index of Dissimilarity (and other measures of inequality used in previous research) from the criticism that they are flawed because they are sensitive to city differences in occupational structure. Additionally, it explores a new approach for investigating city differences in occupational inequality within the log-linear framework. The logical and empirical arguments offered support the conclusions that racial occupation differences reflect racial stratification, and that variation in racial occupation differences across cities is best understood as the product of city differences in the severity of racial stratification. Thus, future research in this area should continue to focus on measures of inequality rather than measures of nominal differentiation until there are sound theoretical and empirical reasons for conceptualizing race differences in occupational distribution in terms of nominal differentiation.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1984

The place of odds ratios in the study of place, race and differential occupational opportunities.

During the last few decades the study of racial differences in occupational and economic attainment has progressed rapidly, both in terms of theory and research. The ecological study of the racial and ethnic organization of local labor markets has not. The use of odds ratios and occupation-specific categories may provide a fruitful avenue for future research in the study of inequality across space and time.

Black or African American↗