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PubMed1994

[Results of youth dentistry. Oral health and oral hygiene habits of children participating in regional institutions].

In order to evaluate the results of Regional Institutions (RI's) for Youth Dentistry, an epidemiological study was performed on caries experience and oral hygiene habits of 5-, 8- and 11-year-olds, getting dental treatment in these institutions. In the big cities participants of the RI's appeared to be mostly from the lower social levels of society and ethnic minority groups. Caries experience and oral hygiene habits of these children were relatively unfavourable. A significant statistical correlation exists between oral hygiene habits and caries experience. Differences between the results of the RI's with respect to the oral health and the oral hygiene habits of the participants can be explained to a large extent by the mentioned social and ethnic differences.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1985

Changing patterns of oral health and implications for oral health manpower: Part I. Report of a Working Group convened jointly by the Fédération Dentaire Internationale and the World Health Organisation.

Data on oral health, sugar consumption, fluoride availability and other preventive programmes from twenty selected developed and developing countries were reviewed to identify the changes in oral health in children and factors associated with these changes during the past 20 years. Nine developed (industrialized) countries showed apparent substantial reduction (30-50 per cent) in the prevalence of dental caries in 5- and 12-year-old children during the past decade. The countries are: Australia, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom and the USA. Caries in Thailand and Nigeria and other developing countries appears to have increased considerably. The most probable reasons for the decrease in dental caries in children in the developed countries were considered to be associated with: the widespread exposure to fluoridated water and/or fluoride supplements, especially the regular use of fluoride toothpaste; the provision of preventive oral health services; the increased 'dental awareness' through organized oral health education programmes; the ready availability of dental resources. The factor common to all countries with a substantial reduction in caries was fluoride, either as fluoridated water or toothpaste. Countries with decreased caries but no fluoridated water supplies had all experienced a rapid increase in the availability and the use of fluoride toothpaste during the past 10 years. The contribution of improved dental health programmes, other than those involving fluoride, could not be adequately assessed. These changes, which appear to be continuing, have relevance also to similar countries which might just be entering the reduction phase, or for which that phase may already have begun, though it is as yet unnoticed and unreported. They also have relevance to developing countries in indicating how caries and perhaps periodontal diseases have been controlled and prevented. It is inevitable that in developed countries with reducing dental caries there will be a decreased need for dental services and hence a change in the need for dental personnel. However, the lack of adequate data in most countries makes prediction of future changes in oral health and manpower needs a precarious procedure. The whole review indicates the urgent need for regular monitoring of oral health status in all countries and for better personnel planning and production in quantity and appropriate categories. Part II of this report will deal with a recommended process for achieving these urgent needs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toward improving the oral health of Americans: an overview of oral health status, resources, and care delivery. Oral Health Coordinating Committee, Public Health Service.

Dental and oral diseases may well be the most prevalent and preventable conditions affecting Americans. More than 50 percent of U.S. children, 96 percent of employed U.S. adults, and 99.5 percent of Americans 65 years and older have experienced dental caries (also called cavities). Millions of Americans suffer from periodontal diseases and other oral conditions, and more than 17 million Americans, including 10 million Americans 65 years or older, have lost all of their teeth. Preventive dental services are known to be effective in preventing and controlling dental diseases. Unfortunately, groups at highest risk for disease--the poor and minorities--have lower rates of using dental care than the U.S. average. Cost is the principal barrier to dental care for many Americans. Of the $38.7 billion spent for dental services in 1992, public programs, including Medicaid, paid for less than 4 percent of dental expenditures. More than 90 percent of care was paid for either out-of-pocket by dental consumers or through private dental insurance. Americans are at risk for other oral health problems as well. Oropharyngeal cancer strikes approximately 30,000 Americans each year and results in an estimated 8,000 deaths annually. Underlying medical or handicapping conditions, ranging from rare genetic diseases to more common chronic diseases, affect millions of Americans and can lead to oral health problems. Among persons with compromised immune systems, oral diseases and conditions can have a significant impact on health. Oral diseases and conditions, though nearly universal, can be prevented easily and controlled at reasonable cost. Prevention and early, regular primary dental care are the best strategies to improve the oral health and quality of life of all Americans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Infant oral health and oral habits.

Many oral diseases and conditions, including dental caries (cavities) and malocclusions, have their origins early in life. Prudent anticipatory guidance by the medical and dental professions can help prevent many of the more common oral health problems. This article provides information on the rationale for early dental examination and instructions for pediatric and family practitioners in scheduling and conducting an early oral intervention appointment. In addition, feeding practices, non-nutritive sucking, mouth breathing, and bruxing are discussed, including their effects on orofacial growth and development.

Dental Care for Children↗
PubMed2006

Oral health, related behaviors and oral health impacts among homeless adults.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the oral health needs, related behavior and oral health impact among homeless persons in Newark, New Jersey. METHODS: Participants represented a convenience sample of adults (n=46) participating in Homeless Services Day, an annual event sponsored by the Homeless Services Division of the Newark, NJ Department of Health and Human Services. Their mean age was 40.4 yr (SD=10.0), and 51.1% were female. The majority (76%) reported African-American ethnicity; remaining participants self-identified as Hispanic, White or Asian. Participants reported being homeless for a median of 11 months, with a range of 1 to 108 months. RESULTS: The 46 participants had 745 teeth (averaged 16.2 per person) that were either missing, had fillings or had untreated decay. Diseased teeth averaged 3.8 per person; missing teeth averaged 8.6 per person; and filled teeth averaged 3.7 per person. Only 28.3% had a dental visit in the past year. Approximately 87% reported negative oral health impacts impact: over half (55.6%) had current oral facial pain and two-thirds of our participants reported having dental-related face pain during the past year. Additional oral health impacts included: eating (42%), smiling (33%), concentrating (18%) and talking (16%). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with other studies, this homeless sample presented with considerable oral health needs. Newark's homeless, like other homeless cohorts, face access to care and negative oral health impacts. This study informs the need for future research that can provide substantive evidence for care providers and policy makers.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Minority Oral Health Research Center. Improving oral health and expanding opportunities.

To address the glaring problems of disparity in oral health and representation in the manpower pool of oral health researchers, the National Institute for Dental Research (NIDR) of the National Institutes of Health established Regional Research Centers for Minority Oral Health. The Minority Oral Health Research Center at New York University College of Dentistry, a collaboration between the college and the Fosyth Dental Center, is one of four centers established by the NIDR in the United States to improve oral health for all Americans and to enhance accessibility of research careers for minority individuals. This article describes the center's progress to date, expected outcomes and its call for partners to improve minority oral health.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Orthodontic treatment, dental health, and oral health behavior in young Norwegian adults.

Information about previous orthodontic treatment and oral health is evaluated for 525 17 yr-olds and 175 21 yr-olds. Of these, 24.6% of the 17 yr-olds and 14.3% of the 21 yr-olds had received orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment did not appear to have had any adverse effect on the level of periodontal disease, and caries prevalence in the orthodontically treated 17 yr-olds was less than in the untreated subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pregnancy and oral health: utilization of the oral health care system by pregnant women in North Dakota.

There is little data on the oral health of pregnant women in North Dakota. In response, the Dental Program of the North Dakota Department of Health included two oral health questions on a survey sent to 2,250 new mothers in the state. The oral health questions were designed to gather information on the proportion of pregnant women using the oral health care system and to identify major barriers to receiving oral health care services. The survey response rate was 65 percent. Just under half of the women responding (43.2%) had visited the dentist during their pregnancy. The major reason cited for not visiting the dentist was that they were not having any problems. There appears to be a lack of knowledge regarding the need for this particular aspect of prenatal care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Research issues related to oral health expenditures and financing oral health care for the aging veteran.

This article was intended to stimulate research on the financing and cost of oral health care provided to older veterans. Such research is needed as increasing costs and gaps in health care coverage have awakened federal interests in developing national health insurance plans. Although the status of oral health care benefits under such plans remains unclear, plans approaching universal coverage will likely lead The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to compete with private providers for patients. Oral health care may be financed as a benefit under a VA-sponsored health plan or financed directly as an appropriation to VA medical centers. This article suggests that research is needed 1) to examine different methods of payment, or rate schedules, that may be used to reimburse providers for the cost of oral health care, 2) to calculate reimbursement rates, and 3) to determine profitability by comparing reimbursement rates with estimates of production costs. The need for such research is underscored by wide variations in operating costs of dental services at different VA medical centers. The cost of oral health care services may include not only the cost of providing dental services but also possible medical care cost "offsets," because patients with better oral health may also experience better overall health status requiring fewer medical services. Finally, the literature suggests that time costs play an important role in rationing care among patients with dental insurance. Studies should be conducted in VA to determine how waiting time, cost of travel, and appointment scheduling affect the use of outpatient dental care services.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Developing a pediatric oral health therapist to help address oral health disparities among children.

Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General documented the profound and significant disparities that exist in the oral health of children in the United States. Recently, the country has been issued a National Call to Action to Promote Oral Health, under the leadership of the Office of the Surgeon General. Among the significant factors contributing to the disparities problem is the access to oral health care by disadvantaged populations. There are inadequate numbers of dentists able and willing to treat children, particularly poor and minority children. In the early part of the twentieth century, New Zealand faced a significant problem with oral disease among its children and introduced a School Dental Service staffed by allied dental professionals, known as "school dental nurses," who had received two years training in caring for the teeth of children. A number of other countries have since adopted this model. This article reviews attempts to develop a comparable approach in the United States. Furthermore, it justifies and advocates the development of pediatric oral health therapists in the United States as a means of addressing the disparities problem that exists in this nation. These pediatric oral health therapists would be trained in a two-year program to provide dental care services to children. The article concludes by asserting that such action is a practical and cost-effective way for dentistry to fulfill its professional obligation to care for the oral health of all children, thus ensuring justice in oral health for America's children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The World Oral Health Report 2003: continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century--the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme.

Chronic diseases and injuries are the leading health problems in all but a few parts of the world. The rapidly changing disease patterns throughout the world are closely linked to changing lifestyles, which include diets rich in sugars, widespread use of tobacco, and increased consumption of alcohol. In addition to socio-environmental determinants, oral disease is highly related to these lifestyle factors, which are risks to most chronic diseases as well as protective factors such as appropriate exposure to fluoride and good oral hygiene. Oral diseases qualify as major public health problems owing to their high prevalence and incidence in all regions of the world, and as for all diseases, the greatest burden of oral diseases is on disadvantaged and socially marginalized populations. The severe impact in terms of pain and suffering, impairment of function and effect on quality of life must also be considered. Traditional treatment of oral diseases is extremely costly in several industrialized countries, and not feasible in most low-income and middle-income countries. The WHO Global Strategy for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, added to the common risk factor approach is a new strategy for managing prevention and control of oral diseases. The WHO Oral Health Programme has also strengthened its work for improved oral health globally through links with other technical programmes within the Department for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. The current oral health situation and development trends at global level are described and WHO strategies and approaches for better oral health in the 21st century are outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Effect of oral anticipatory guidance on oral health and oral hygiene practices in preschool children.

Thirty children (6 to 18 months), enrolled in a dental program since birth, make up the intervention group. Control group consisted of thirty children who were of similar age and gender but had never been to a dental office. The presence of visible dental plaque and the performance of oral hygiene differed statistically between both groups. The dental program was effective in reducing visible dental plaque, and in establishing oral health habits among parents and young children.

Age Factors↗