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PubMed2005

Cholesterol-induced alteration in liver mineral concentrations in corn oil and olive oil fed rats.

This study was undertaken to compare the effects of 1% cholesterol (Ch) on some liver mineral concentrations in rats fed with corn oil (C) or olive oil (O). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 4 per group) were fed AIN76A semi-purified diets containing either 5% corn oil or 5% olive oil replacing corn oil with or without 1% cholesterol for 21 days. The analysis of minerals: Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), and Sulfur (S), of liver were conducted by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopic method. In the C fed rats addition of 1% cholesterol produced significant increase in P concentrations but not K, Mg, and S concentrations. In contrast, in O fed rats, 1% Ch significantly decreased Mg and S concentrations. There was no significant change in K and P concentrations. In conclusion, this study describes the interactions between dietary oils and cholesterol on certain mineral concentrations in liver of rats. The results obtained may have clinical significance and nutritional significance in cardiovascular health.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Effects of dietary marine oils and olive oil on fatty acid composition, platelet membrane fluidity, platelet responses, and serum lipids in healthy humans.

The influence of various dietary marine oils and olive oil on fatty acid composition of serum and platelets and effects on platelets and serum lipids were investigated as part of an extensive study of the effects of these oils on parameters associated with cardiovascular/thrombotic diseases. Healthy volunteers (266) consumed 15 mL/d of cod liver oil (CLO); whale blubber oil (refined or unrefined); mixtures of seal blubber oil and CLO; or olive oil/CLO for 12 wk. In the CLO, seal oil/CLO, and whale oil groups, serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were increased. In platelets, EPA was increased in the CLO, seal/CLO, and olive oil/CLO groups. The localization of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the triacylglycerols did not seem to influence their absorption. Intake of oleic acid is poorly reflected in serum and platelets. No significant differences in triacylglycerols (TG), total cholesterol, or high density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed, even though TG were reduced in the CLO, CLO/seal oil, and whale oil groups. Mean platelet volume increased significantly in both whale oil groups and the CLO/olive oil group. Platelet count was significantly reduced in the refined whale oil group only. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood tended to generate less thromboxane B2 in CLO, CLO/seal, and CLO/olive groups. The whale oils tended to reduce in vivo release of beta-thromboglobulin. In conclusion, intake of various marine oils causes changes in platelet membranes that are favorably antithrombotic. The combination of CLO and olive oil may produce better effects than these oils given separately. The changes in platelet function are directly associated with alterations of fatty acid composition in platelet membranes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of lycopene and astaxanthin absorption from corn oil and olive oil emulsions.

The effect of different oils on the absorption of carotenoids was investigated in mesenteric lymph duct cannulated rats. Sixteen treatment emulsions containing increasing concentrations of either lycopene (LYC) or astaxanthin (AST) (5, 10, 15, 20 micromol/L) were prepared with olive oil or corn oil and continuously infused into the duodenum of the rat. Absorption of carotenoids into the mesenteric lymph duct was determined. Absorption of LYC and AST from both oils increased with the amount infused into the duodenum. The average recovery of AST in the lymph from the olive oil emulsion was 20% but was decreased to 13% from emulsions containing corn oil. Lycopene was not as well absorbed as AST. The average recovery of LYC was 6% from olive oil emulsions but only 2.5% when infused with corn oil. The LYC used in this study was isolated from tomato paste and was primarily in the all-trans form. We did not observe any significant isomerization of all-trans LYC to 9-cis LYC during absorption. We conclude that the type of oil with which a carotenoid is consumed can influence its absorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of aspirin on gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha content and on gastric mucosal injury in humans receiving fish oil or olive oil.

Gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha content was evaluated in healthy human subjects who received either fish oil or olive oil (control) daily for 3 wk before exposure to aspirin or no aspirin. Two hours after aspirin administration, when mean serum salicylate concentration was approximately 12 mg/dl, gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha content was reduced by greater than 95% in the fundus and antrum (p less than 0.001) and there was endoscopic evidence of gastric mucosal damage (erosions, submucosal hemorrhages). Fish oil feeding had no significant effect on mucosal prostaglandin E2 or F2 alpha content or on the damaging effect of aspirin on the stomach, despite the fact that fish oil reduced serum triglyceride concentrations significantly. These studies indicate that the damaging effects of aspirin on the gastric mucosa are not influenced by dietary fish oil.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Evening primrose oil and olive oil in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

The effects of 10 ml of evening primrose oil or olive oil, administered twice daily for 12 weeks, on clinical and laboratory signs and on plasma prostaglandins were studied in 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The plasma concentration of PGE2 decreased and that of TxB2 increased in both treatment groups, but no significant improvement could be seen in either group.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Nutritional and metabolic studies of distillable fractions from fresh and thermally oxidized corn oil and olive oil.

A semisynthetic diet containing 15% by weight of dietary fat was fed to six groups of male wistar rats for 28 days. Two groups received the distillable fraction of fresh corn oil (DCO) or fresh olive oil (DOO), two groups the distallable fractions of the thermally oxidized fats (OCO,OOO), and two groups received the respective fresh fats as controls (FCO, FOO). Substantial changes in the fatty acid composition occurred in the fats upon thermal oxidation. Only the rats that received OOO showed overt symptoms of heated fat toxicity. This was reflected in the histological scores of these animals with the liver sustaining the most numerous and severe lesions. Tissue fatty acid changes of any significance were confined largely to the polar liver lipid of the rats that were fed OCO or OOO. The results of this study would suggest that the relatively greater toxicity of OOO, compared to OCO, may in part be due to the high oleic:linoleic acid ratio of the fresh olive oil and in part to a higher tocopherol content of the corn oil.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Incorporation of fatty acids from fish oil and olive oil into colonic mucosal lipids and effects upon eicosanoid synthesis in inflammatory bowel disease.

The incorporation of the fatty acids in fish and olive oil into the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease was examined during 12 weeks' dietary supplementation with the oils, and the influence on colonic mucosal prostaglandin and thromboxane generation was measured. With a dietary supplement of 18 g fish oil daily, concentrations of the major polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were significantly raised in mucosal lipids. The first time these were measured, after three weeks' supplementation, the mean increases in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid were seven fold and 1.5 fold respectively, and these increases were maintained during the 12 week study. Arachidonic acid values fell throughout the study and this reduction was significant at 12 weeks. Mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2, and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha synthesis were suppressed, and this reached significance (p less than 0.05) at three and 12 weeks for PGE2 and at 12 weeks for thromboxane B2. The predominant fatty acid in olive oil is oleic acid. Supplementation with 18 g/day resulted in a significant increase in oleic acid in colonic mucosa at 12 weeks (p less than 0.05) and a fall in stearic acid and docosahexaenoic acid; there was no significant change in eicosanoid synthesis. It is concluded that colonic lipids and prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis can be readily altered by dietary supplementation with fish oil. The extent of incorporation of the fatty acids present in oils is dependent upon the individual fatty acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of oral sunflower oil and olive oil on serum and cutaneous fatty acid concentrations in dogs.

The effects of dietary fatty acids on serum and cutaneous fatty acids of healthy dogs were evaluated under controlled conditions. Beagle puppies (n = 12) were fed a standard diet supplemented with sunflower oil (group A), olive oil (group B) or no supplementation (group C) for 12 weeks. There were no significant differences in food intake or growth rates between the three groups. Dogs in group A had significant increases (P < 0.05) in serum 18:2n6 (linoleic acid) and 20:3n6 (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid), and cutaneous 18:2n6 with significant decreases in serum 20:4n6 (arachidonic acid) and cutaneous 18:1n9 (oleic acid) and 18:3n3 (alpha-linolenic acid). Dogs in group B had significant increases in serum 18:1n9, 20:3n6 and cutaneous 18:1n9 with decreases in serum 20:4n6, 22:4n6, 22:5n3 and 22:5n6, and cutaneous 18:2n6, 18:3n3 and 20:4n6. There were no significant changes in serum or cutaneous fatty acids for the dogs in group C. This study demonstrates that fatty acid supplements can be used to alter the serum and cutaneous fatty acid compositions of dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Postprandial serum triacylglycerols and oxidative stress in mice after consumption of fish oil, soy oil or olive oil: possible role for paraoxonase-1 triacylglycerol lipase-like activity.

OBJECTIVE: Postprandial triacylglycerols and oxidative stress responses are influenced by the type of fat consumed. We investigated the effect of individual unsaturated fatty acids or oils (fish, soy, or olive) on postprandial triglyceridemia response in association with serum resistance to oxidation and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity. METHODS: Balb/C mice were supplemented with phosphate buffered saline (control), docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3), linoleic acid (omega-6), or oleic acid (omega-9; 500 microg/300 microL of phosphate buffered saline) and with fish, soy, or olive oil (300 microL); blood samples were collected 2 h after feeding. RESULTS: Serum triacylglycerol and oxidative stress responses increased after intake of all unsaturated fatty acids and oil supplements. However, ingestion of fish oil or its major fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, induced the most remarkable increase in postprandial serum triacylglycerols and in the susceptibility of serum to in vitro oxidation. Serum PON1 activity was decreased by 24% after fish oil ingestion. The increase in postprandial serum susceptibility to oxidation was lower after soy oil supplementation to PON1-transgenic mice in comparison with Balb/C mice, showing that PON1 attenuates the postprandial serum oxidative response. In parallel, in PON1-transgenic mice, a decreased postprandial triacylglycerol response was noted, suggesting PON1 involvement in triacylglycerol metabolism. PON1 exhibited a triacylglycerol lipase-like activity on chylomicrons. CONCLUSION: PON1 attenuates the postprandial oxidative stress response, and this could have resulted from PON1 lipase-like activity on chylomicron triacylglycerols.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Growth and carcass composition of broilers fed sunflower oil and olive oil.

Sunflower and olive oils were fed at the same dietary inclusion levels to male broilers as a means of varying the dietary linoleic acid concentration while maintaining similar concentrations of total fat and total unsaturated fatty acids. The type of oil and the dietary supplementation level influenced growth rate, food utilisation and carcass composition. Birds grew faster and utilised food more efficiently when fed the sunflower oil and had higher concentrations of body fat. Increasing the level of supplementation with either oil decreased body fat content. The different responses to the two oils were not related to differences in dietary amino acid balance, ME: protein ratios or rates of food passage through the digestive tract.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Determination of the diglyceride content in greek virgin olive oils and some commercial olive oils by employing (31)P NMR spectroscopy.

In this study, the diglyceride contents of 96 samples of virgin olive oils from the regions of Crete, Lesvos, Messinia, Pilion, Zakynthos, Halkidiki, and Ilia, 15 samples of commercial extra virgin and pure olive oils, and 3 samples each of refined olive oils and pomace oils were determined by a facile method introduced in a previous publication. This method is based on the phosphitylation of the free hydroxyls of the diglycerides with 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyldioxaphospholane and the integration of the appropriate peaks in the (31)P NMR spectra. This preliminary study showed interesting trends in the diglyceride content of the virgin olive oils from the various regions of Greece that can be used as simple criteria to assess the olive oil characteristics. Analysis of variance has been carried out for the diglyceride content of each region in an attempt to detect possible differences in the diglyceride levels among the various regions. Finally, the relationship between the ratio of 1,2-diglycerides to the total amount of diglycerides and the total amount of diglycerides has been used to monitor the quality of virgin olive oils, commercial olive oils, refined olive oils, and pomace oils.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

beta-Oxidation capacity of red and white muscle and liver in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)--effects of increasing dietary rapeseed oil and olive oil to replace capelin oil.

Post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed six diets in which capelin oil was replaced with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% rapeseed oil (RO; low-erucic acid) or 50% olive oil (OO). The experimental diets were fed to single groups of Atlantic salmon for 42 wk, whereas the 100% capelin oil (0% RO) diet was fed in duplicate. The beta-oxidation capacity of palmitoyl-CoA was determined, using a method optimized for salmon tissues, at the start of the experiment, after 21 wk (October), and after 42 wk (March) in red and white muscle and in liver. Red muscle showed the highest specific beta-oxidation capacity, but when expressed as total beta-oxidation capacity for the whole tissue, white muscle was the most important tissue for the beta-oxidation of FA. From the initial to the final sampling, the beta-oxidation capacity of white muscle increased significantly, whereas the beta-oxidation capacity in liver decreased significantly. After 22 wk, white muscle exhibited an increased beta-oxidation capacity when the dietary RO content was raised from 25 to 75%, with similar effects in red muscle and liver after 42 wk of feeding. The present results also show that the beta-oxidation capacity increased with an increase in fish size.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Residues of fenthion and trichloron in olives and olive oil after olive tree treatments.

The residue levels of trichlorfon, fenthion and its metabolites were determined in olives, olive oil and vegetation water after treatment of olive trees at different times before harvest. The highest residues of fenthion were detected in oil, while the highest level of trichlorfon was found in vegetation water. The time gap between treatment and harvest strongly influences the residue levels of fenthion in olives and olive products. The levels of fenthion, which were lower than the maximum residue level (MRL) established by the Italian regulations, were obtained only when the treatment was carried out 60 days before harvest, so it may be necessary to use the insecticide trichlorfon 30 or 10 days before harvest since it leaves low residue levels in oils.

Agrochemicals↗
PubMed1989

Enhancement of immunosuppression by substitution of fish oil for olive oil as a vehicle for cyclosporine.

As previously reported, acute cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity is characterized by a decline in glomerular filtration rate and a selective intrarenal production of the vasoconstrictor thromboxane (TxA2), but not vasodilator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), or prostacyclin (PGI2), cyclooxygenase metabolites. Fish oils (FO), that are rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have a high affinity for cyclooxygenase but serve as poor substrate inhibit TxA2 synthesis. We have shown that when FO replaces olive oil (OO) as the vehicle for CsA, CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and increased TxA2 synthesis are obviated in rodent models. In this study, we demonstrate that the FO vehicle for CsA does not compromise CsA's immunosuppressive properties as deduced from studies of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) model in BALB/c mice and in a rat heart transplant model. In fact, concurrent FO administration with CsA actually enhances immunosuppression. A dose of CsA incapable of blunting DTH when injected in OO was suppressive when given in FO. Administration of as little as 0.05 ml of FO vehicle potentiated the suppressive action of CsA. In addition, nonconcurrent dietary supplementation of FO in animals receiving CsA caused an increase in the immunosuppressive action of CsA in DTH. FO alone reduced DTH as compared with OO, but was far less effective than CsA plus FO. Furthermore, doses of CsA (5 mg/kg/day or 1.5 mg/kg/day), which are subtherapeutic when administered with OO, prolonged engraftment of Lewis recipients of Lewis x Brown-Norway F1 hearts when CsA was solubilized with FO. These studies indicate that concurrent administration of CsA and FO potentiates the activity of CsA and thus increases its therapeutic index. Thus, CsA plus FO is potentially a safe, potent antirejection therapy worthy of clinical testing, especially insofar as FO prevents CsA-induced acute nephrotoxicity in the rodent.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1999

Dietary corn oil versus olive oil enhances HDL protein turnover and lowers HDL cholesterol levels in hamsters.

We studied the effect of dietary olive and corn oil on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism in golden Syrian hamsters. The animals were fed a semipurified diet containing 0.1% cholesterol and 40 energy % in the form of either olive or corn oil for a period of nine weeks. Hamsters fed corn oil had significantly lower very-low density and low-density lipoprotein (VLDL+LDL) cholesterol concentrations than those fed olive oil (0.98+/-0.24 vs. 1.40+/-0.34 mmol/l, means+/-S.D., n = 12), as well as significantly lower HDL cholesterol concentrations (3.31+/-0.50 vs. 3.91+/-0.12 mmol/l). The binding capacity of 125I-labelled HDL to liver membranes was 33% higher in the hamsters fed corn oil instead of olive oil (571+/-29 vs. 429+/-24 ng HDL protein/mg membrane protein, P<0.05, n = 4). HDL protein kinetics were studied with 125I-HDL using a constant infusion technique. Both HDL fractional catabolic rate (0.255+/-0. 058 vs. 0.121+/-0.023 /h, P<0.01, n = 5) and transport rate (2.386+/-0. 753 vs. 1.218+/-0.101 mg/h, P<0.01, n = 5) were about 2-fold higher in the hamsters fed corn oil. The rate of plasma cholesterol esterification by lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was essentially the same for the two diets. It is concluded that the low HDL level in the hamsters fed corn oil diets is linked with increased HDL binding and degradation in the liver and possibly other tissues. Due to increased HDL protein turnover, the capacity for reverse cholesterol transport is increased in hamsters fed corn oil despite the relative low HDL concentrations

Animals↗