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PubMed1987

The differential cytotoxicity of antiseptic agents.

The cytotoxicity of the antiseptic agents noxythiolin and chlorhexidine has been evaluated in-vitro using a range of tissue culture cell lines of differing degrees of neoplasticity. Noxythiolin appeared more cytotoxic than did chlorhexidine when tested against established neoplastic cell lines. By contrast, noxythiolin was not cytotoxic to normal control (non-neoplastic) cells. For chlorhexidine, the cytotoxic activity against control cells was similar to that observed for neoplastic cell lines. The results confirm an earlier observation of limited antitumour activity of noxythiolin solutions and, on the basis of differential cytotoxicity, confirm that noxythiolin is free from adverse effects against normal tissues and is safe for use as an antimicrobial agent applied to peritoneal surfaces and the healing wound.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1981

Some observations on the activity of three antiseptics used as bladder irrigants in the treatment of urinary tract infection in patients with indwelling catheters.

A comparison has been made of the activity of three antiseptics that are used as bladder irrigants in the treatment of urinary tract infection in catheterised patients. At the concentrations and exposure times used for bladder irrigation, phenoxyethanol (2:4% v/v) proved to be highly bactericidal against urine-grown cells of all the common urinary pathogens tested. Chlorhexidine (200 microgram/ml) was active against Escherichia coli and produced significant reductions in the viability of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but failed to eradicate Providencia stuartii. Exposure to noxythiolin (2.5% v/v) for 20 min had little effect in any of the bacteria, even though all strains tested had been recorded as noxythiolin-sensitive by conventional plate sensitivity tests. Contact with noxythiolin for periods of at least 1-2 hrs was necessary before extensive bactericidal activity was detected. These results provide an explanation of the poor clinical performance of noxythiolin that we have observed.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1977

Noxythiolln-resistant organisms in a district general hospital.

Twelve strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three strains of Klebsiella aerogenes, and two strains of Escherichia coli were found to be resistant to noxythiolin. Some of the pseudomonads were isolated from patients in the same ward, not all of whom were on noxythiolin treatment. The strains from these patients were indistinguishable from each other on phage typing, which suggested cross-contamination. No Gram-positive organism was found to be resistant to noxythiolin. Noxythiolin should not be used before a disc diffusion sensitivity test has been performed to determine whether the organisms are sensitive to it. This is particularly important when pseudomonads are the offending organisms.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1977

A reappraisal of the use of antiseptics in surgical practice.

The use of antiseptics was reappraised because of the increasing problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A formaldehyde (noxythiolin) and a halogen (povidone-iodine) were investigated, these being the most appropriate antiseptic groups. Povidone-iodine solution significantly reduced the mortality of mice (P less than 0.01) and rats (P less than 0.01) with peritonitis. Noxythiolin (1% and 0.5%) did not. Antiseptic irrigation of the rat colon before and after anastomosis resulted in significantly fewer 'poor' anastomoses (P less than 0.05) without inhibiting healing. Noxythiolin 2.5% and 1% significantly reduced peritoneal adhesion formation in rats, but a newly formulated povidone-iodine solution with increased polyvinylpyrrolidone content was superior to noxythiolin 1% and 0.5%. Povidone-iodine neither inhibited rat abdominal wound healing nor induced bacterial resistance. In 3 subsequent controlled clinical trials a dry-powder povidone-iodine formulation halved wound infection after grid-iron appendicectomy (P less than 0.025), reduced infection in elective 'clean' surgery, and significantly reduced infection after a wide variety of 'potentially contaminated' abdominal procedures (P less than 0.01). A return to the principles of Lister is advocated.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Microbiological studies on some bladder irrigation fluids.

A 1.5% glycine solution has recently been introduced as a bladder irrigation fluid. In this study, glycine solution was compared with two other recognised bladder irrigants (chlorhexidine and noxythiolin) for its inhibitory activity against common urinary tract pathogens. Glycine solution supported the growth of nearly 50% of the bacterial strains tested whereas chlorhexidine and noxythiolin were completely inhibitory. In quantitative studies with selected strains it was found that growth could be initiated from as few as 200 organisms/ml. It was concluded that glycine solution was capable of supporting bacterial growth and thus, from a microbiological viewpoint, was unsuitable as a bladder irrigant.

Bacteria↗