Improvement in sensitivity of allele-specific PCR facilitates reliable noninvasive prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis.
BACKGROUND: Cell-free fetal DNA circulating in maternal blood has potential as a safer alternative to invasive methods of prenatal testing for paternally inherited genetic alterations, such as cystic fibrosis (CF) mutations. METHODS: We used allele-specific PCR to detect mutated CF D1152H DNA in the presence of an excess of the corresponding wild-type sequence. Pfx buffer (Invitrogen) containing replication accessory proteins and Taq polymerase with no proofreading activity was combined with TaqMaster PCR Enhancer (Eppendorf) to suppress nonspecific amplification of the wild-type allele. The procedure was tested on DNA isolated from plasma drawn from 11 pregnant women (gestational age, 11-19.2 weeks), with mutation confirmation by chorionic villus sampling. RESULTS: The method detected 5 copies of the CF D1152H mutant allele in the presence of up to approximately 100,000 copies of wild-type allele without interference from the wild-type sequence. The D1152H mutation was correctly identified in one positive sample; the only false-positive result was seen in a mishandled sample. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure allows for reliable detection of the paternally inherited D1152H mutation and has potential application for detection of other mutations, which may help reduce the need for invasive testing.