Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Nitrovin”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Influence of ascorbic acid on the mutagenicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine and nitrofurans studied by SOS chromotest.

Mutagenicity inhibition of MNNG*, NFAA* as well as of nitrovin by ascorbic acid was observed. The influence of ascorbic acid on these compounds was parallelly studied also by spectroscopy. Mutagenicity inhibition was characterized by SOS chromotest. Inhibition degree was evaluated quantitatively introducing the coefficient of inhibition. The influence of ascorbic acid was expressed most markedly in MNNG. It has been found that the decrease of mutagenicity should be mainly caused by acceleration of MNNG decomposition by ascorbic acid.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1985

Hyperthermia and other factors increasing sensitivity of Euglena to mutagens and carcinogens.

The effects of different factors (temperature, light, enzymic activation) on the ability of selected mutagens and carcinogens to induce hereditary bleaching of Euglena gracilis were investigated. In the resting medium, the elevation of incubation temperature from 25 degrees C to 37 degrees C increased significantly the effect of all compounds tested on the frequency of bleached mutants of E. gracilis. The effect of light is not so unambiguous. While nitrosoguanidine (NG) exhibited practically the same bleaching activity both in the light and dark, the mutagenic effect of sodium azide (SA), nitrovin (NV), nitrosoethylurea (NEU), and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) was decreased in light. On the other hand, the light increased the bleaching activity of 5-nitro-2-furylacrylic acid (NFAA) significantly. The activation mixture S9 increased bleaching effect of NFAA and BP, whereas other mutagens were partially (NG and SA) or completely (NV and NEU) inactivated.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1998

Biochemical characteristics and fermentation of glucose and starch by rabbit caecal strains of Bifidobacterium globosum.

Two strains of Bifidobacterium globosum were isolated from caecal contents of rabbits in a search for potential probiotics. Both strains fermented glucose, galactose, pentoses, maltose, raffinose and starch. Common coccidiostats (monensin, salinomycin) and antimicrobial growth promotors (avoparcin, bacitracin, nitrovin, virginiamycin) supplied at 10 mg/L inhibited their growth in cultures with glucose. Fermentation parameters of bifidobacteria on glucose and starch differed. More formate and ethanol and less lactate were produced during growth on glucose than during growth on starch. When growing on starch, the two strains of bifidobacteria produced 1 mol lactate per 5.6 and 5.7 mol acetate, respectively. Corresponding values during growth on glucose were 17.3 and 8.4 mol of acetate per mol of lactate. Starch-grown cells accumulated more saccharides than cells grown on glucose (1.48 vs. 0.41 and 3.12 vs. 1.18 mmol glucose units per 1 g of dry matter, respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Studies on the induction of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster by nitroheterocyclic compounds.

24 nitroheterocyclic compounds were investigated for their capacity to induce sex-linked recessive lethals in Drosophila, by the adult feeding technique, and in some cases injection or larval-feeding methods. Out of 9 5-nitroimidazoles, ZK 26.173 and ZK 25.095 (moxnidazole) were clearly active whereas nimorazole and ronidazole were marginally mutagenic. Out of 10 5-nitrofurans, nitrovin, furazolidone and furaltadone were unambiguously mutagenic, whereas nitrofurantoin was a borderline case. Nitrofurans were active at lower molar concentrations than nitroimidazoles. Out of a group of 5 related nitro compounds (2 nitrothiophenes, picrolonic acid, niridazole and 4-NQO), only 4-NQO was clearly mutagenic, when fed to larvae. Experiments with germ-free flies showed that, for ZK 26.173 and furazolidone, the gut flora of Drosophila do not play a role in the activation of the compounds to mutagenic metabolites. Furazolidone, 4-NAO, ZK 26.173, ZK 25.095 and furaltadone were tested in mal and cin strains, both of which lack xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. The latter enzyme and xanthine oxidase are known to carry out nitro reduction in mammalian tissues. For ZK 26.173, the mutation frequencies were drastically reduced in the enzyme-deficient strains, indicating the involvement of one of these enzymes in the activation of this substance.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Competitive exclusion of salmonellas from the chick caecum using a defined mixture of bacterial isolates from the caecal microflora of an adult bird.

Colonization of the caeca of newly hatched chicks by Salmonella typhimurium was prevented by oral administration of a mixture of cultures comprising 48 different bacterial strains originating from an adult bird known to be free from salmonellas. The treatment conferred protection to the same degree as that obtained previously with a suspension of adult caecal contents or an undefined anaerobic culture from the same source and was demonstrated in four separate laboratory trials. Examination of the caecal microflora of chicks one day after being given the protective treatment showed that the presence of high levels of lactobacilli and Bacteroides spp. which are not found usually at two days of age in chicks produced under commercial conditions was indicative of the successful establishment of an adult-type microflora. Although the usual method of administering the protective organisms was to dose the chicks directly into the crop, it was also found possible to incorporate the organisms in the drinking water given to the birds at dilutions up to one in five, the maximum tested. When chicks were given the bacterial mixture via the crop and fed on a diet containing 10 mg kg-1 nitrovin and 100 mg kg-1 monensin, the bacteroides failed to establish in the caeca and the birds were not protected against salmonella colonization. However, when the bacterial cultures were incorporated in the drinking water and the chicks given the same feed, normal protection was obtained; possible reasons for these observations are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Susceptibility of clostridia from farm animals to 21 antimicrobial agents including some used for growth promotion.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of 21 antimicrobial agents were determined by an agar dilution method against 68 strains of 18 Clostridium species isolated from caeca of pigs, cattle and poultry. Of the therapeutically used antibiotics, chloramphenicol was most active in vitro followed by penicillin G, the lincosamides and tetracycline. Penicillin-resistant Cl. butyricum strains produced a beta-lactamase. Avoparcin, carbadox, monensin, nitrovin and virginiamycin were the most effective of the growth promoting antimicrobial agents. Many clostridial species were naturally resistant to flavomycin and Cl. sporogenes was naturally resistant additionally to bacitracin, tiamulin, the lincosamides and virginiamycin component M. The macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin resistant strains showed four different patterns of resistance to the antibiotics. One of these resistance patterns was the natural resistance of Cl. sporogenes to the lincosamides and virginiamycin component M which is a streptogramin group A antibiotic.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Susceptibility of fecal streptococci of poultry origin to nine growth-promoting agents.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of nine growth-promoting agents were determined by an agar-dilution method against 66 bile-tolerant streptococcal (8 Streptococcus faecalis, 23 Streptococcus faecalis subsp. liquefaciens, 15 Streptococcus faecium, and 20 carboxyphilic streptococci) strains isolated from the ceca of 52 chickens on 19 farms. Avoparcin was equally active on all groups. The natural susceptibilities against the other substances differed among the groups studied. Bacitracin and virginiamycin were more active on S. faecium and S. faecalis than on S. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens; lincomycin and the macrolide antibiotics were more active on S. faecium than on the other groups; and flavomycin was active on all groups except S. faecium. High percentages of acquired resistance were noted in all groups against bacitracin, lincomycin, and the macrolide antibiotics, oleandomycin, spiramycin, and tylosin. Resistance to nitrovin was found only among the S. faecalis and S. faecium groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Physical, chemical and biological study of dust from large-scale pig farms].

Dust deposition in 16 halls of two large pig-fattening farms with dry or wet feeding systems was analyzed. In the halls with wet feeding the samples contained maximally 28 dust particles up to 10 micron and 17 particles up to 5 micron per cm3 of air, in the halls with dry feeding 220 particles smaller than 10 micron and 205 particles smaller than 5 micron per cm3 of air. The total amino acid content in the dust deposition was 17.440 +/- 1.820 g per 100 g of sample and the content of nitrogen compounds (N X X 6.25, %), was 24.170 +/- 2.910. The contents of chemical elements were as follows (mg per kg): zinc 448 +/- 151; manganese 109.9 +/- 49.5; copper 40.5 +/- 12.1; lead 4.77 +/- +/- 4.79; chromium 1.64 +/- 1.47; cadmium 1.61 +/- 1.62; mercury 0.36 +/- 0.39. Chlorinated carbohydrates and triazine and diazine herbicides were present in the following amounts (mg per kg): HCB 0.0023 +/- 0.0021; Lindane 0.0058 +/- 0.0079; DDE 0.0048 +/- +/- 0.0024; DDT 0.0065 +/- 0.0015; Simazine 0.060 +/- 0.020; Atrazine 0.083 +/- 0.059; Prometryn 0.093 +/- 0.040; Chloridazon 0.036 +/- 0.008; Terbutryn 0.085 +/- 0.029. The content of aflatoxin B1 was 12.89 +/- 9.31 micrograms per kg and the maximum amount of polychlorinated biphenyls was 8 mg per kg. Nitrovin was found out only in the dust of two halls: 4.0 and 7.9 mg per kg. The dust deposition also contained 21 genera and species of moulds, six species of mites, numerous saprophytic bacteria and, in some cases, Staphylococcus aureus. For the time being, no viruses have been detected in the dust samples.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

[Current animal feeds with antimicrobial activity].

Among the growth-promoting substances and factors contributing to fodder utilization in growing farm animals, also called nutritive, ergotropic means, the antibiotics and some synthetic chemotherapeutics have acquired special importance. To avoid the hazardous effect in humans consuming products of animal origin there should be no residual amounts of these stimulating agents in such products. That is why it has been assumed in a number of countries to use for the same purpose only nutritive means that are not applied as therapeutic agents. Such means should neither induce resistence to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in microorganism nor should they be resorbed by the alimentary tract (or resorption should be negligible) or they are rapidly eliminated from the animal body, leaving no residual amounts. They should likewise act chiefly against gram-positive organisms, inducing no allergic reactions in the animals. Described are the following nutritive antibiotics: flavophospholipol (bambermycin, menomycin--flavomycin, producing a nutritive effect also in ruminants with a developed forestomach, and rebuilds sensitivity in antibiotic-resistant organisms belonging to Enterobacteriaceae), avoparcin (avotan--also active in ruminants with a developed forestomach), virginiamycin (staphylomycin--escalin, stafac), zincbacitracin (bacipharmin, baciferm), grisin (kormogrisin, of a road spectrum, with an antimycotic effect, raising the fertilization rate and activating phagocitosis), vitamycin-A (vitamycin--active also at retinol deficiency, lambdamycin, nosiheptide (primofax), efrotomycin. Due consideration is given to such chemotherapeutics as nitrovin (payson, paison), carbadox (mecadox, fortigro, of a broad spectrum retained for a longer period in the body of pigs), olaquindox (bio-N-celbar--of a broad spectrum, particularly with regard to gram-negative organisms, applied at present as a therapeutic and prophylactic preparation), cyadox (with a broad sprectrum). The following polyether ionophoric antibiotics are mentioned: monensine (rumensine, elancoban), lassalocide (avatek, lasotek), slinomycin(eustin, ustin, coxistac), lonomycin (emercide), harasine. Dosage rates and other data are given characterising the respective preparations.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of salinomycin (K 364) on the fattening of pigs].

Experiments with pigs of the White Bulgarian Improved breed of initial weight of 25 kg revealed that the oral administration of salinomycin at the rate of 50 ppm (from the beginning of treatment up to the 61st day) and 25 ppm (from the 62nd day up to the 117th day) with the feed led to the increase in weight gain by 10.9 per cent and in feed conversion by 7.4 per cent by the end of the experimental period. The effect of nutrition was manifested regularly in the course of both periods of fattening. The slaughter weight also rose under the effect of salinomycin. It should be noted that higher rates of treatment--100, resp. 50 ppm--for the respective periods led to the reduction of the stimulant action of salinomycin. Under the conditions to the investigation nitrovin did not show a clearly manifested nutrition effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Sensitivity of staphylococci from farm animals to antibacterial agents used for growth promotion and therapy. A ten year study.

The following results were obtained during the period of 1970 to 1979-1980 in a study of 1040 Staphylococcus aureus strains in Belgium from cattle, poultry and pigs and 138 Staphylococcus hyicus strains from pigs, using the agar dilution technique and different penicillinase test methods: -- The incidence of penicillinase-positive strains increased in bovine and porcine S. aureus strains but decreased in poultry strains. From 1974 on more than 75% of S. aureus strains from cow udders produced penicillinase. -- The numbers of tetracycline-resistant strains steadily decreased during the period under investigation. -- Strains resistant to the macrolides and lincomycin were most frequent among S. hyicus and S. aureus strains from pigs isolated in 1973-1975. They were less numerous in 1979-1980. The inducible type of macrolide-resistance was found only among strains from poultry and cattle. In 1979-1980 strains resistant to lincomycin but susceptible to macrolide-antibiotics were detected. -- Two types of sensitivity to bacitracin were discovered: highly sensitive strains were frequent in cattle and rare in poultry. Intermediately sensitive strains dominated in poultry and pigs. These two groups of strains belonged to distinct chemotypes. Only one poultry strain was highly resistant to bacitracin. -- Number of neomycin-, sulphonamide- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains and strains resistant to the penicillinase-stable penicillins and cephalosporins were low and did not increase. -- Novobiocin resistance was only found among strains from broiler breeders and broilers. -- All strains tested were sensitive to the nitrofurans and related compounds (furazolidone, nitrovin), flavomycin, carbadox, trimethoprim, rifamycin and the virginiamycin combination.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Antimicrobial susceptibility of ruminal coagulase-negative staphylococci.

The species Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. sciuri, Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. lentus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus xylosus of novobiocin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from rumen content or wall of lambs and calves were determined. All bacteria were tested for lactic acid production, urease, adherence activities and antimicrobial susceptibility or resistance. The majority of strains presented belonged to bacteria with low affinity for epithelial cells. Only Staphylococcus xylosus SX63 was detected as a strain with high adherence activity. Urease activity in isolates reached the average value of 12.72 nkat.mL-1. The strain SS1 showed high urease activity and SI97 strain was without urease activity. Most strains showed resistance to ionophores. All bacteria were found as sensitive to nonionophores without Staphylococcus xylosus SX63 (tylosin) and Staphylococcus sciuri subsp. lentus SL139 (nitrovin). Each of the strains tested inhibited the growth of at least one of the indicators reaching clear inhibition zones (2-5 mm in diameter). Of 12 strains tested, in 6 bacteria production of bacteriocin-like substances was affected using additional nutrient media. Generally, novobiocin resistant CNS are among the most frequent representatives of the staphylococcal group colonizing the rumen of young ruminants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antimicrobials and competitive exclusion.

The compatibility of commonly used antimicrobial feed additives with CE treatment are examined. It appears that additives permitted in the U.K. are without effect on CE, with the possible exception of avoparcin. However, a sharp difference has been found with the effect of antimicrobials on CE treatment cultures in vitro, and the in vivo effect; and it is postulated that these differences may be accounted for by the fact that the substances may not be 'caecum available' in the bird. When effects are observed in the bird they appear to be largely due to dose variation. In the case of adult birds already infected with Salmonella, the time lapse between completion of antimicrobial treatment and the administration of Broilact will be examined; as well as the selection of appropriate antimicrobial treatment in infected birds prior to the administration of replacement microflora.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2002

Identification of a pharmaceutical compound that partially corrects the Niemann-Pick C phenotype in cultured cells.

Niemann-Pick C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal lipid storage disease characterized by progressive central nervous system degeneration. In cultured human NPC fibroblasts, LDL-derived cholesterol accumulates in lysosomes and endosomes, LDL-cholesterol transport from endocytic compartments to other cellular compartments is delayed, and LDL does not elicit normal homeostatic responses. Currently, there is no therapy that delays the onset of neurological symptoms or prolongs the life span of NPC children. We have developed and implemented an amphotericin B-mediated cytotoxicity assay to screen for potential therapeutic drugs that induce cholesterol movement in cultured NPC cells. NPC cells are relatively resistant to amphotericin B killing due to intracellular sequestration of cellular cholesterol. The screen was carried out using simian virus 40-transformed ovarian granulosa cells from the npc (nih) mouse model of NPC disease. A library of 44240 compounds was screened and 55 compounds were identified that promote amphotericin B-mediated killing of NPC cells. One compound, NP-27, corrected the NPC phenotype by four different measures of cholesterol homeostasis. In addition to making NPC cells more sensitive to amphotericin B, NP-27 stimulated two separate cholesterol transport pathways and restored LDL stimulation of cholesterol esterification to near normal levels.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1981

[The problem of the use of antibiotics in animal production and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in man].

The application of various antibiotics (penicillin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol a.o.) as growth stimulators in feed-stuff for calves, lambs, pigs and for fattened poultry in low dosage (20-150 mg/kg feed), leads to the fact that already after a short time a great share of antibiotic-resistant strains appears in the intestinal flora, in which may be contained also pathogenic strains (e.g. species of Salmonella). In most cases a multifarious resistance is developed, conditioned by R-plasmides. Through the excretions of the animals a part of the resistant bacteria goes into the air and may taken up by man. The resistant bacteria may be transferred to man also by food-stuff of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs). The great increase of the settlement of the intestinal canal of man with resistant strains of bacteria is for a large part to be traced back to the acceptance of such germs from useful animals. Due to this development also the therapeutic effectiveness of many antibiotics in medicine is much decreased. In future only such antibiotics shall be used in the feeding of animals, which cannot be used therapeutically. Also other ergotropics are increasingly used.

Animal Feed↗