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Results for “Natural Family Planning Methods”

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PubMed1991

Effectiveness and acceptibility of the symptothermal method of natural family planning in Germany.

Throughout Germany, 851 women who were instructed in natural family planning participated in a prospective study. Of these, 255 women with 3174 cycles used only natural family planning for family planning and 274 women with 3995 cycles occasionally used barrier methods in the fertile phase. For natural family planning--only users, the Pearl rate for unplanned pregnancy was 2.3 and for mixed-method users 2.1. Most pregnancies resulted from unprotected intercourse during the fertile phase, and the use of barrier methods does not reduce risk-taking.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1981

A prospective multicentre trial of the ovulation method of natural family planning. I. The teaching phase.

The percentage of 869 women in five countries capable of being taught to recognize the periovulatory cervical mucus symptom of the fertile period was determined in a prospective multicentre trial of the ovulation method of natural family planning. The women were ovulating, of proven fertility, represented a spectrum of cultures and socioeconomic levels, and ranged from illiteracy to having postgraduate education. In the first of three standard teaching cycles, 93% recorded on interpretable ovulatory mucus pattern. Eighty-eight per cent of subjects successfully completed the teaching phase; 7% discontinued for reasons other than pregnancy, including 1.3% who failed to learn the method. Forty-five subjects (5%) became pregnant during the average 3.1-cycle teaching phase. The average number of days of abstinence required by the rules of the method was 17 in the third teaching cycle (58.2% of the average cycle length). To what extent the findings of this study can be extended to other couples remains to be demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A study of the lactational amenorrhoea method of family planning in New Zealand women.

AIM: To evaluate the acceptance and efficacy of the lactational amenorrhoea method of family planning in breastfeeding clients attending clinics of the NZ Association of Natural Family Planning. METHODS: Mothers who were fully breastfeeding their babies, were amenorrhoeic and were early postpartum were offered for the purpose of family planning either lactational amenorrhoea method or the usual fertility awareness charting method. The clients who chose lactational amenorrhoea method were contacted at monthly intervals to check if they continued to meet the lactational amenorrhoea method criteria of fully breastfeeding and amenorrhoea. The fertility awareness group followed the normal practice of clinic visits for instruction until they became autonomous users. The status of both groups were assessed at 6 months postpartum when lactational amenorrhoea method users were advised to adopt another family planning method. RESULTS: Of 149 breastfeeding clients, 110 met the lactational amenorrhoea method criteria. Seventy chose lactational amenorrhoea method, the majority (56.7%) because of its simplicity. Thirty (48.6%) of initial lactational amenorrhoea method users were able to use the method for the full 6 months postpartum period. None of the women conceived while using lactational amenorrhoea method. CONCLUSION: For mothers who choose to fully breastfeed and who maintain a state of amenorrhoea lactational amenorrhoea method is an effective means of avoiding pregnancy during the first 6 months postpartum.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A prospective multicentre trial of the ovulation method of natural family planning. III. Characteristics of the menstrual cycle and of the fertile phase.

Seven hundred twenty-five women of proven fertility recorded the presence of cervical mucus at the vulva in 7514 menstrual cycles. The mean cycle length of the 6472 "normal" cycles was 28.5 days (standard deviation +/- 3.18). The peak day of mucus discharge was the last day of slippery, raw-egg-white-like mucus and occurred on average on day 15 (+/- 2.6). The fertile period was defined as any day on which mucus was reported before the peak day until 3 days after the peak. Its mean length was 9.6 (+/- 2.6) days. The probability of pregnancy was maximal on the peak day and declined on the days before and after the peak.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurse-midwives' knowledge and promotion of lactational amenorrhea and other natural family-planning methods for child spacing.

The purpose of this study was to describe and assess certified nurse-midwives' (CNMs) knowledge and promotion of two modalities for child spacing, natural family-planning (NFP) and the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM). One thousand two hundred CNMs were randomly selected from a national membership list and mailed a 24-item questionnaire on NFP and LAM. Of the 514 respondents (42.8% return rate), 450 (87.5%) were currently practicing as CNMs. Respondents had an average age of 46 years, with an average of 10 years of practice. CNMs ranked NFP as the ninth most used and the eighth most effective family-planning method in their practice, with an average perceived method-effectiveness of 88% and use-effectiveness of 70%. Although most respondents felt somewhat prepared during their education program to provide NFP, only 22% would offer NFP as a family-planning option for child spacing.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1997

Adverse outcomes of planned and unplanned pregnancies among users of natural family planning: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine prospectively whether unplanned pregnancies are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes among users of natural family planning. METHODS: Women who became pregnant while using natural family planning were identified in five centers worldwide: there were 373 unplanned and 367 planned pregnancies in this cohort. The subjects were followed up at 16 and 32 weeks' gestation and after delivery. The risks of spontaneous abortion, low birth-weight, and preterm birth were estimated after adjustment by logistic regression. RESULTS: The women with unplanned pregnancies were more likely to be at the extremes of age, to report more medical problems before and during the index pregnancy, and to seek antenatal care later in gestation than the women with planned pregnancies. However, women with planned pregnancies reported a higher rate of spontaneous abortion in previous pregnancies (28.8%) than did women with unplanned pregnancies (12.9%). There were no significant differences in the rates of spontaneous abortion, low birthweight, or preterm birth between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: No increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes was observed among women who experienced an unplanned pregnancy while using natural family planning.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1980

[Family planning-the pill or natural method of birth control (author's transl)].

Observations made at the Family Planning Clinic and a review of the literature show that there is no increased tendency towards the natural contraceptive method among advice-seeking couples. On the contrary-apart from a few exceptions-the most effective method is always chosen. The natural method presupposes a high degree of motivation, of readiness to communicate and of clarification. These prerequisites underly the relatively high rate of failure because not all couples have the right degree of understanding. Nevertheless, to many people this method is the only acceptable and morally justifiable one. Thus, precise and detailed instructions and frequent check-ups would be necessary especially during the first few months, until adequate experience is gained.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1979

A randomized prospective study of the use-effectiveness of two methods of natural family planning: an interim report.

Data accumulated to date from the Los Angeles study indicate that the total termination rate for 12 months from the beginning of the training period and from formal entry into the study was high for the ovulation method (OM), and symptothermal method (STM). Voluntary withdrawal was the highest single reason for termination in both methods. The 12 month voluntary withdrawal rate, measured from formal entry into the study, was significantly higher for OM users. Pregnancy rates measured from both the beginning of training and formal entry into the study were significantly higher for OM users than for STM users. Complete analysis of the data collected during the study is currently in progress. It is anticipated that some of the causes for the differences in pregnancy rates and withdrawal rates between the two methods can be identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Interest in natural family planning among female family practice patients.

OBJECTIVE: Although modern methods of natural family planning (NFP) are effective both to avoid and to achieve pregnancy, relatively few women use these methods. It is not known whether this is due primarily to lack of interest or to other factors. We therefore explored the level of interest in NFP among female family practice patients. METHODS: We mailed information about NFP to 400 female patients between ages 21 and 42 and conducted follow-up interviews by telephone. We excluded 162 women for whom we could not obtain accurate addresses or phone numbers, 68 women we could not reach by telephone, 67 women who were not currently at risk of pregnancy, and 15 women for other reasons. Twenty-eight women refused to participate in the study. Sixty women completed telephone interviews. RESULTS: Forty-three percent of respondents (n = 60) were interested in learning more about NFP, 24% said they were likely to use NFP to avoid pregnancy, and 32% were likely to use NFP to achieve pregnancy. Younger women and women who were Christian but not Catholic and not of a major Protestant denomination were more interested in NFP. CONCLUSION: Some female family practice patients are interested in learning and using NFP.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Natural family planning--better prospect of contraception.

Natural Family Planning methods are based on naturally occurring signs of fertility by which a couple can prevent or achieve pregnancy. It requires good concept on signs of fertility in female and knowledge of human reproduction. For this reason, successful delivery delivery of NFP services is directly related to literacy rate among users.

Family Planning Services↗
PubMed1984

[Natural family planning (symptothermal method) and objective ovulation parameters--a pilot study].

This pilot study involved 20 cycles contributed by six apparently healthy women. They were all experienced users of the symptothermal method of NFP and trained as NFP-teachers. In a double-blind study NFP-parameters like S-19 = F1, appearance of any mucus = F2 and appearance of fertil mucus = F3 also peak mucus symptom +4 = L1 and 3. day of high basal body temperature = L2 are related to ovulation detected by ultrasonic measurement of follicular growth and hormonal values (LH, total Oestrogen in urine). We have focused on the calculation of the first day and the end of the fertile phase. In relation to the maximal follicular diameter (mfd = day 0) the LH-peak was located at day -0,7. The peak mucus symptom was observed at day -0,58. F1 was seen 10,4 +/- 2,6 days, F2 6,2 +/- 2,6 days, F3 2,8 +/- 1,4 days before day 0. L1 was located at 3,37 +/- 1,74 days, L2 4,1 +/- 1,95 days after day 0. Using at least 2 indicators as recommended with the symptothermal method none of 19 cycles failed to detect the beginning of the fertile phase, but 3 out of 20 failed to detect the end. In 19 out of 20 cycles natural signals observed by the participants indicated ovulation. It must be mentioned that all our women were highly motivated persons.

Body Temperature↗