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Results for “NOCARDIA INFECTIONS”

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PubMed1990

Nocardia infection in patients with liver transplants or chronic liver disease: radiologic findings.

The radiologic findings in eight patients with nocardiosis were reviewed. Infection followed liver transplantation in six cases and was associated with chronic liver disease in two. Abnormalities of the chest radiograph predominated and included pleural effusions (n = 6), consolidation (n = 5), cavitating lesions (n = 1), and intrapulmonary nodules (n = 3), but there were no diagnostic features. The diagnosis was made on the basis of bronchial washings (n = 3), skin aspiration (n = 3), pleural fluid (n = 1), and aspiration biopsy of a pulmonary nodule (n = 1). Computed tomography (CT) was helpful in evaluating chest disease in three cases and allowed guided biopsy to obtain material for a definitive diagnosis. In three patients skin lesions in disseminated disease were associated with cerebral lesions seen at CT. A definitive tissue diagnosis is especially important in patients who have received transplants because of malignancy, since the radiologic manifestations of this unusual infection may mimic metastatic recurrence. Conventional radiography and CT are nonspecific but will enable determination of disease extent and selection of the most suitable site for tissue sampling, which is required to confirm the diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Disseminated cutaneous Nocardia brasiliensis infection.

Nocardia brasiliensis is an uncommon pathogen in the United States despite its presence in soil samples. It is most frequently seen in patients who are immunosuppressed, but can occur in the immunocompetent host also. Usually in a healthy host the infection is localized to one area of the body. Disseminated infection was diagnosed in a healthy child who recovered fully after initiation of oral sulfonamide therapy. We suspect that the source was soil to which the patient was exposed during a family camping trip. Nocardia asteroides is the most frequent cause of nocardial infections in North America. These infections are unusual in healthy individuals, occurring more often in immunologically compromised hosts. They are usually acquired by a pulmonary route and may disseminate widely, most commonly to the central nervous system and skin. Nocardia brasiliensis, when it does occur in the United States, usually causes a chronic cutaneous and subcutaneous infection manifesting itself as mycetoma, abscess, or ulcer. We saw acute suppurative lymphocutaneous Nocardia brasiliensis infection in an otherwise healthy 2-year-old boy.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

Nocardia infections in cats: a retrospective multi-institutional study of 17 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To record 17 cases of nocardiosis in cats from eastern Australia and to compare this series with cases previously reported. DESIGN: Retrospective/prospective study. RESULTS: Nocardia spp infections were diagnosed in 17 cats over 14 years from the three eastern states of Australia. There were no isolates from dogs during this period, but one isolate from a koala and two from dairy cows. The majority of cats presented with spreading lesions of the subcutis and skin associated with draining sinus tract(s). Early cutaneous lesions consisted of circumscribed abscesses. Infections spread at a variable rate, generally by extension to adjacent tissues. Lesions were generally located in regions subjected to cat bite or scratch injuries, including limbs, body wall, inguinal panniculus and nasal bridge. In some other cases, lesions were situated on distal extremities. The clinical course was variable, from chronic, indolent, initially localised infections to acute fulminating disease. Of the 17 cats, 14 were domestic crossbreds and three were purebreds. There was a preponderance of male cats (12 castrated, 1 entire young adult, 1 entire kitten). Nine of 17 cats were 10 years or older. Interestingly, the majority of infections were attributable to N nova. Immediate and/or predisposing causes could be identified in all cases, and included: renal transplantation [one cat]; chronic corticosteroid administration [three cats]; catabolic state following chylothorax surgery [one cat]; fight injuries [seven cats]; FIV infections [three of seven cats tested]. Of the 17 cats, three were apparently cured. Four were thought to be cured, but infection recurred after several months. Three cats responded partially but were euthanased, while another was improving when it died of unrelated complications. Two died despite treatment and two were euthanased without an attempt at therapy. For two cats there were either insufficient records or the patient was lost to follow up. CONCLUSION: Nocardiosis is a rare, serious disease. Currently it is more common in cats than dogs. Nocardial panniculitis may be clinically indistinguishable from the syndrome caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria. Although the prognosis is guarded, patients with localised infections caused by N nova often respond to appropriate therapy. If definitive treatment is delayed because of misdiagnosis, the disease tends to become chronic, extensive and refractory. Insufficient duration of therapy leads to disease recurrence.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Nocardia infections.

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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nocardia infections: clinical and biological aspects].

The nocardiosis is an infection caused by a bacterial pathogen agent, Nocardia, belonging to the Actinomycetales order. They are Gram-positive, strictly aerobic bacteria. Members of the genus Nocardia are ubiquitous. They are frequently isolated from soil, water, air dusts. The mode of contamination occurs by inhalation or by cutaneous or ocular traumatic lesion. Clinically, nocardiosis is essentially characterized by pulmonary diseases. Others secondary localizations are described, such as in the central nervous system. Nocardia can be responsible for important cutaneous, subcutaneous and lymphocutaneous manifestations. In the same way, some extrapulmonary diseases and spread nocardiosis are more rarely observed. Several factors seem to favour the development of Nocardia. The immunocompromised patients, particularly those with organ transplant and the patients treated with immunosuppressor treatments, offer strong predispositions to this opportunistic disease. The nocardiosis is nevertheless observed in healthy persons. In front of polymorphic and specific-less clinical manifestations, large phenotypic heterogeneity, and resistance profiles to specific antibiotics, a correct diagnosis for Nocardia species is necessary to apply an adequate treatment. The techniques of identification based on the chemotaxonomic analysis and the susceptibility to different inhibitors are efficient for the identification of genus and species. However, because of the slow growth rate of Nocardia, the reading of these tests can require several weeks of incubation. With the intention of the rapid identification of genus and species, the molecular techniques (PCR-RFLP) seem to be efficient. The technique of RAPD allows an efficient molecular typing, which will give a better knowledge concerning transmission, ecological niches and epidemic reservoirs.

Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections↗