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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Critical flicker frequency in acute and recovered optic neuritis.

Multiple occasional changes in critical flicker frequency (CFF) were studied in patients who recovered from optic neuritis. Twenty-five patients (31 affected eyes) with onset visual acuity less than 0.5 and who showed recovered visual acuity exceeding 1.0 were included in this study. Recovery stages were determined individually as follows: T1, initial onset stage; T2, intermediate stage; T3, recovered stage when visual acuity was 1.0 or better; and T4, final follow-up stage. CFF was determined using red, yellow and green illuminated targets in a compact CFF measuring device recently developed at our department. The rates of abnormality were 100% at stage T1 for all colors, and gradually decreased as the stage advanced from T2 to T4. However, the rates of abnormality continued to be high at 67% in stage T3 for the red target and 37% in stage T4 for the red target. The rates of abnormal interocular difference in CFF in 15 unilateral optic neuritis patients were 100% for all colors at stage T1 and decreased gradually with recovery. Slight but definite abnormality of CFF was also noted in the silent eyes of clinically unilateral optic neuritis patients. The rates of abnormal CFF more than 7% in all colors could be detected in T1, T3 and T4. These results indicate that CFF abnormality can be detected even at the stage of recovery in the pathologic eyes and the fellow eyes of optic neuritis patients. CFF was also shown to be a sensitive indicator for detecting visual dysfunction in patients with optic neuritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Atypical forms of optic neuritis of multiple sclerosis].

The authors report seven cases of optic neuritis in patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. All patients had severe bilateral eye disease with no or incomplete recovery. Clinical signs and symptoms of multiples sclerosis were observed in only some patients. IRM was remarkably sensitive for detecting cerebral lesions and confirming the diagnosis. In every case visual field abnormalities consisted of a diffuse defect of sensitivity with pericentral scotoma. The authors emphasize on two atypical forms, total acute neuropathy and chronic primary neuropathy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Seasonal patterns in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis.

To quantify and characterize seasonal variation in monosymptomatic optic neuritis (MON) onsets, multiple sclerosis (MS) onsets and MS exacerbations (MSE), a meta-analysis was performed, using established methods and pooling weighted information obtained from nine reports on MON, six reports on MS onsets and nine reports on MSE, which fulfilled specific criteria for report quality and data homogeneity. The results suggested that MON, MS onsets and MSE in the Northern hemisphere present a similar pattern with highest frequencies in spring and lowest in winter. These differences were highest for MS onsets, 45% with 95% CI 36-55%, and lowest for MSE, 10% with 95% CI 7-13%, statistically significant and robust, insensitive to an alternative seasonal definition, not unduly influenced by any single primary study, and supported by fail-safe N calculations. Random variation, misclassification and publication bias were less likely to account for the reported generalized seasonal patterns.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed2003

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice develop spontaneous autoimmune optic neuritis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that in many patients first presents clinically as optic neuritis. The relationship of optic neuritis to MS is not well understood. We have generated novel T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). MOG-specific transgenic T cells are not deleted nor tolerized and are functionally competent. A large proportion (>30%) of MOG-specific TCR transgenic mice spontaneously develop isolated optic neuritis without any clinical nor histological evidence of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Optic neuritis without EAE could also be induced in these mice by sensitization with suboptimal doses of MOG. The predilection of these mice to develop optic neuritis is associated with higher expression of MOG in the optic nerve than in the spinal cord. These results demonstrate that clinical manifestations of CNS autoimmune disease will vary depending on the identity of the target autoantigen and that MOG-specific T cell responses are involved in the genesis of isolated optic neuritis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis: the T cell repertoires to myelin proteins and MBP peptides change with time.

Autoreactive T cells recognizing myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP) and MBP peptides have been described in multiple sclerosis (MS) and optic neuritis (ON), but their role in disease pathogenesis, if any, is unknown. A consistency of the T cell repertoire over the course of MS and ON should facilitate the development of specific immunotherapies. We have examined the T cell responses to autoantigens in two consecutive blood specimens taken from patients with ON and MS, and in two consecutive CSF specimens obtained from ON patients. As read-out numbers of T cells responding to antigen stimulation by the secretion of interferon-gamma were estimated. Pronounced differences in occurrence and numbers of T cells recognizing MBP, MBP peptides with the amino acid sequences 63-88, 110-128 and 148-165, and PLP were noticed in individual ON and MS patients over the course of disease. The MBP peptide among those three included, that was predominantly recognized by T cells in the individual patient, also varied over the course. The quantitative and qualitative changes of the myelin antigen-specific T cell response in MS and in ON, the latter to a certain extent reflecting the situation in early MS, do not favor the future useful development of specific immunotherapies in these diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pattern shift visual evoked responses. Two hundred patients with optic neuritis and/or multiple sclerosis.

Fifty-one patients with clinically pure optic neuritis (ON) and 149 with possible, probable, or definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were tested with pattern shift visual evoked responses (PSVER) and compared with a group of 43 normal subjects. Attention was paid to response latency, intereye latency difference, as well as differences in amplitude or duration of the major positive peak (P100). Abnormal PSVER cannot be recorded from everyone with confirmed ON. Abnormal responses were recorded from 91% of all patients (including those with MS) who had a history of ON, 57% of all MS patients, and 36% of patients without a history of ON or an abnormal eye examination. Measurements of amplitude and duration proved to be of little value in this setting. Though abnormalities of PSVER are not "specific" for ON or MS, because they also result from other disease processes, they afford more reliable, quantitative documentation of abnormal conduction in visual pathways than any other clinical test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Multiple cranial neuritis associated with large granular lymphocytosis.

A patient with a unique form of large granular lymphocytosis and multiple cranial neuritis is reported. The patient presented with facial weakness, diplopia and dysarthria. An increase in large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) was seen in blood (1.8 x 10(9)/l), CSF (237/microliters) and bone marrow (20% in a normocellular bone marrow). The phenotype of the LGLs in CSF, blood and bone marrow was CD2+ CD3+ CD4+ CD8- CD16- CD56- and CD57-. The unique features of this case include the CD4+ phenotype, the relative abundance of CSF LGL and the clinical presentation.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1994

The B cell repertoire in experimental allergic neuritis involves multiple myelin proteins and GM1.

Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) is a T cell mediated disease associated with inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerves. EAN is an experimental model of Guillain-Barré syndrome. The peripheral nerve myelin components P2 and P0 represent major neuritogens, but the diversity and quantity of B cell responses in EAN are unknown. Lewis rats were immunized with bovine peripheral nerve myelin (BPM), and levels of B cells secreting IgM and IgG antibodies to BPM, P2 and P0, the glycolipid GM1 and five peptides of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) were determined. Already on day 7 post-immunization (p.i.), i.e. before the onset of clinical EAN, lymph nodes contained elevated levels of cells secreting IgM antibodies of all specificities examined. Maximum numbers of IgG antibodies secreting cells were generally reached at the height of clinical disease. The numbers of cells secreting IgG antibodies to BPM, P2, P0, GM1 and MAG peptides were also elevated before disease onset, but they were mostly higher than those of IgM antibodies and they reached their maximum only after recovery. The results imply that EAN is associated with strong B cell responses to all myelin antigens under study without restriction to any immunodominant myelin component or MAG peptides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1981

[Visual evoked potentials, contrast sensitivity and color perception in patients with optic nerve neuritis and multiple sclerosis].

Forty-nine patients with acute optic neuritis (in 21 cases associated with MS) and 26 patients known to have MS but with no history of optic nerve disease underwent visual evoked potential, contrast sensitivity and color vision tests. In patients with optic neuritis the contrast sensitivity was shown to detect optic nerve lesions better than the VEP an often permitted a distinction between acute and past optic neuritis. Combined testing with contrast sensitivity and VEP was superior to the single tests and detected 100% of the acute optic nerve lesions, although in many cases damage was selective and only involved some of the information channels. Desaturated color tests were abnormal in 3/4 of the patients, disturbances of blue-yellow discrimination being commoner than those of red-green. In cases with clinically unilateral optic neuritis the apparently normal partner eye was affected in 61% of the patients; complete recovery of optic nerve function without some residual deficit is rare. Approximately 3/4 of the eyes of patients known to have MS but with no history of past visual disturbances showed bilateral optic nerve involvement. The frequency of subclinical optic nerve lesions rose to 91% at a follow-up examination one year later. the literature is reviewed and our results are compared with the previously published data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Progression of optic neuritis to multiple sclerosis: an 8-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between acute monosymptomatic optic neuritis (AON) and subsequent multiple sclerosis (MS) is still doubtful. We investigated the risk of developing MS in patients from North Bavaria, who were suffering from AON. PATIENTS/METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with clinical evidence of AON were included in the study. Initial evaluation included brain resonance imaging (MRI) and a clinical neurological examination. Follow-up examinations were performed after 72-108 months (mean: 96 months) in 26 patients (three patients were lost to follow-up) and consisted of a second complete neurological examination. Diagnosis of MS was established according to the criteria of Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983:13:227-231. RESULTS: At follow-up, 14 of 26 patients (54%) had converted to clinically definite MS. Nine patients (64%) had developed MS within 2 years after the onset of AON. CONCLUSION: We observed the development of MS in 54% of the 26 investigated AON patients. The exceptional feature of the present study was the relatively long follow-up period of 8 years.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Distribution of HLA-Dw2 in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis indicates heterogeneity.

UNLABELLED: The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotype Dw2 is known to be increased in multiple sclerosis (MS), but only slightly in optic neuritis (ON). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 127 consecutive patients with unilateral monosymptomatic ON were typed genomically for HLA-DR and -DQ genes. RESULTS: The frequency of HLA-Dw2 among ON patients (47%) was found to be significantly higher than among 250 controls (30%) but significantly lower than in a group of 245 MS patients (60%), all of the same ethnic origin. At the group level, these figures can be calculated to indicate that 53% of the ON patients belong to the group of "MS-type ON" (95% confidence limits 25-78%). A compilation of published data on the frequency of the HLA-DR17(3), DQ2 haplotype, prompted by a slight increase in this material, revealed a significant association with this haplotype in ON, after compensation for the increase of Dw2. CONCLUSION: ON differs from both MS and controls regarding HLA-Dw2. Thus, a substantial number of patients with ON may suffer from conditions not immuno-genetically related to MS, which might be designated as non-MS type ON. This condition may be more common in men and in young patients of both sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Pattern visual evoked potentials and spatial vision in retrobulbar neuritis and multiple sclerosis.

In an attempt to resolve some of the reported disagreements between visual evoked potential (VEP) recordings and Snellen visual acuity in patients with multiple sclerosis, we compared these test results with sine-wave grating-contrast sensitivity curves. Disease that depressed visual sensitivity for high spatial frequencies, sparing low spatial frequencies, was associated with depressed visual acuity and attenuated small-check VEPs in the affected eye, while large-check VEPs were not attenuated. When visual sensitivity to all spatial frequencies was depressed, both large-check and small-check VEPs were attenuated, and Snellen acuity was reduced. In general, abnormalities in the contrast sensitivity curve predicted abnormalities in VEP amplitude, but VEP delay was less accurately predicted.

Adult↗