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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Tobacco smoking attributable mortality in Germany].

OBJECTIVE: The goal of the study is the estimation of mortality rates attributable to tobacco smoking (TAM) for the Federal States of Germany. METHODS: The 0.5% representative sample of the German population with data about tobacco smoking (microcensus 1995) as well as the data about causes of death according to ICD from the Federal Office of Statistics are used. On these grounds the mortality as well as the smoking prevalence and, on the basis of data of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, the mortality risks for smokers in comparison to never-smokers are estimated. RESULTS: Tobacco-smoking attributable mortality rates vary in females from 5.6% to 13.2% in the Federal States, in males from 24.3% to 29.2% (age: 35 years or older). Women in the City States show the highest TAM rates. The TAM rate for Germany (females and males taken together) is 17.0% of the total mortality at an age of 35 years and above. CONCLUSION: The data reveal for Germany that tobacco smoking is the most preventable health risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Tobacco- or alcohol-attributable inpatient treatments].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine how many inpatient treatments are attributable to tobacco smoking or alcohol risk-drinking in a high tobacco smoking and alcohol per capital consumption country. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Relative mortality risks from international studies, inpatient diagnoses in the year 1997 (n = 12,803,729), rates of tobacco smokers and alcohol risk drinkers from Germany (microcensus 1995, n = 169,403; German National Health Survey 1990/1991, n = 7450) were the data base. RESULTS: Of all inpatient treatment cases in the year 1997, 9.9 % (n = 1,273,651) were tobacco- or alcohol-attributable. The inpatient stays took 1.5 days more than those who were not tobacco- or alcohol-attributable. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that early detection and early intervention are needed for the decrease of the number of inpatient treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Smoking-attributable productivity loss in Germany--a partial sickness cost study based on the human capital potential method].

PURPOSE: Costs of productivity loss for the Federal Republic of Germany attributable to smoking in 1999 was to be determined. METHODS: Mortality and morbidity attributable to smoking is determined by a 0.5 % sample of the smoking behaviour of the German population (microcensus 1999) and the relative mortality risks of smokers (US-American cancer prevention study II). Tobacco smoke-associated cancer illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract diseases and illnesses of children under one year are considered. Calculation of the productivity-relevant consequences of smoking due to morbidity and mortality is effected according to the so-called human potential capital method. RESULTS: In Germany total of 607,393 working years were lost because of smoking in the year 1999. The costs of productivity loss are estimated at 14,480 billion euro. From this 4,525 billion euro are allotted to premature mortality, 5.759 billion euro to permanent disablement and 4.196 billion euro to temporary incapacitation for work. If the costs of productivity loss by smoking are referred to the gross national product (BSP) in the year 1999, an economical damage at a value of 0.74 % of BSPs results. This corresponds to a productivity loss of 379 euro per present or former smoker. The sensitivity analysis manifests that the inclusion of "non-marketable production" results in an immense rise productivity losses attributable to smoking. However, it should be noted that in times of mass unemployment the human capital method which is based on full employment does not measure the actual, but only the potential productivity loss cost. CONCLUSIONS: This partial disease cost study shows that immense economic productivity losses are associated with smoking. This loss of resources can justify a purposeful promotion of studies regarding cost effectiveness of anti-smoking therapeutic measures or preventive measures against smoking. But it should be considered that the use of the human potential capital method results in an overestimation of the actual productivity losses by smoking. In future the costs of productivity losses attributable to smoking should be determined by the friction cost method. With this procedure a more realistic estimation of productivity-relevant costs of smoking is possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Union republic migration trends in the USSR during the 1980s.

"This article examines union republic migration trends in the USSR between 1979 and 1987 and prospects for indigenous out-migration from rural areas in Central Asia. The study is based on migration data derived by the residual technique and migration data from the 1985 microcensus. Results indicate that a south-to-north and probably Russian-dominated migration trend emerged in the 1980s, one which marks an almost complete reversal from earlier periods, especially 1959-70. Although Central Asia continues to have low levels of indigenous out-migration, labor surpluses and relatively waning capital investment in Central Asia may change this situation."

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Illness and hospital length of stay of over 65-year-old patients. An assessment of the status in German acute hospitals 1989].

Data of the German Microcensus of 1989 and DTI (diagnosis and therapy index) of Infratest Health Research for 1989 are used to provide a detailed description of the situation of patients of 65 years and older in German acute-care hospitals. Among others the average length of stay, diagnosis, intensity of care, or success of therapy are calculated for ages 65-74, 75-84, and 85+ for both sexes.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Data cross-cut and the field of rehabilitation medicine at a vocational re-training centre (author's transl)].

Identified and evaluated were a number of medical and sociological data, e.g. diagnosis, age, population of the place of residence, financially responsible agencies, on 1399 rehabilitees who were admitted to the Dortmund vocational re-training centre during the first five years of its operation (1971-1975). The primary diagnoses (highly identical with those indicative of vocational rehabilitation) and the overall diagnoses (primary and secondary diagnoses) were classified into disease groups according to the ICD and compared with the frequency distribution in the 1970 microcensus. Significance computations determined yearly deviations of the different data, i.e., a significantly steady increase in emotional disturbances. The classification of diseases and disabilities clearly shows the problem complex of adequate comprehensive therapy and medical care, and marks the role of medicine at a vocational re-training centre.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Health monitor (SERMO study)--concept, methodology and a paradigmatic result on subjective morbidity in headache].

In Austria, microcensus surveys on self-reported morbidity are carried out at regular intervals every ten years, generally by the Federal Statistic Centre. In the following, we describe an epidemiological observational service which could be regarded as an additional public health instrument. This service is termed "health monitor", and the SERMO (self-reported morbidity) study is the scientific project associated with it. The "health monitor" data provide information on the prevalence of various illnesses and impairment, characteristics and variables of background morbidity by repeated short-term representative surveys on self-reported morbidity. The health monitor permits continual observation of the background morbidity of an entire population, while scientific questions pertaining to the SERMO study can be investigated via the health monitor data base. Self-reported morbidity data provide important information about the health of a general population, in addition to clinical and mortality data, and help to make decisions in health policy. By collecting informations (e.g. nearly every month) on background morbidity, "health monitor" and SERMO project could complement other Austrian public health systems to measure the overall health of the population in general.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Data on the epidemiology of head and neck neoplasms in Hungary].

Oral and pharyngeal cancer mortality of the male population increases in the fastest rate in Hungary. Both oral and pharyngeal as well as laryngeal cancer mortality is the highest in Europe for both sexes. The leading risk factors of them are smoking and drinking together. The per capitam cigarette and alcohol consumption of Hungarian population belong also among the highest in Europe. The authors have examined these damaging habits taking in account the collected data of Hungarian patient's group, the presence of them as risk factors have been compared to the smoking and alcohol consuming habits of the average population collected by microcensus data. Only 4 patients were nonsmokers and nondrinkers among the 145 patients who were interviewed. On the other hand from the same number of the population with the same sex and age distribution 73 did not smoke and drink while 123 patients were smokers and drinkers against the 48 from the population mentioned before. They have found that the two groups have diverged at a level 0.1% significance. Taking in account the fact that the number of patients is relatively low, further data collection is carried on in order to analyse in a more detailed way, but they regard it as proved, according to the recent tests the serious risk role of the two factors for the Hungarian population.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Private households according to socioeconomic classification in national accounting: the model of the Federal Statistical Office].

The author notes that "for calculating income distribution and expenditure by groups of households, annual averages are required concerning the number of private households by household groups and...the structure of the household members in a socio-economic classification." Problems of adjusting such household data so that they are compatible with data from other sources such as employment statistics are discussed, and a procedure for adjusting annual micro-census data on households in the Federal Republic of Germany is described. "Results for the year 1982 are presented, showing the main development trends as compared with the year 1972. Finally, the quality of forecasting with the adjustment procedure is studied." (summary in ENG)

Censuses↗