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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Measurement and scaling of workload in complex performance.

Two groups of paid male volunteers (Groups I, N = 51, tested with identical schedules on two successive days; Group II, N = 43, tested on one day only) performed over nine intervals on various combinations of the six tasks of the CAMI Multiple Task Performance Battery. Two of the tasks involved monitoring static (lights) and dynamic (meters) processes, and four more-active tasks involved mental arithmetic, elementary problem solving, pattern identification, two-dimensional compensatory tracking. Five of the nine intervals provided different complex tasks consisting of concurrent monitoring tasks and two of the active tasks. Other trials provided data on the single active tasks as well as the combined monitoring tasks. The results indicated that all performance measures--a total of 12 for the six tasks--varied significantly as a function of the different task-combination conditions. A standard psychological scaling technique (Thurstone Case V) was applied to the monitoring data (response times for green and red lights, and for meter monitoring) to develop an index of workload for the five complex task combinations. Since better performance was presumed to indicate a lower workload, workload was inferred to increase as performance declined across conditions. The best performances, which were assigned scale values of 0, were found to be associated with single-task performances, as expected. Scale values for the complex task-combination conditions were found to be consistent between groups and between the two days of testing of Group I (r's of 0.947 to 0.993). Although the scale values are specific to the task and task-combination conditions employed, the scaling-procedure application shows promise for cases in which quantitative measures of performance can be acquired with moderately large samples of subjects (N's greater than 50).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A preliminary evaluation of remote medical manipulators.

This paper traces the development of teleoperators and associated control technology leading to the development of remote manipulators for medical application. The implications of various design approaches are elaborated in a general review of the UCLA Biotechnology Laboratory's preliminary evaluation of medical manipulators. The manipulators were made available through the auspices of the Veterans Administration, and included some early models which have since been improved. Conclusions from our preliminary evaluation, and suggestions for further development, are discussed.

Computers↗
PubMed1975

[Computer experience and further developments in the respiratory function laboratory (author's transl)].

Reported is on satisfactory results obtained with a small-size computer consisting of punching and scanning device, as well as plain writing machine in the respiratory function laboratory. Developed in on- as well as off-line processing by an own technical staff, a diagnostic and teaching program was established for all respiratory function routine methods with the advantages of a large number of cases examined, elimination of sources of error, considerable supply of data and information, automatic documentation and filing, plain writing, interpretation and evaluation of findings. In continuation of such works also the blood gas analysis has been included. These values as the total of disturbances of the pathophysiological acid-base status are considered and interpreted. Clinical correction is forced in this man-machine dialogue by automatic stops of the whole machinery before going on. Subsequently and in addition are computer alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradient, venous shunt and oxygen saturation and expressed utilizing the capacity of the small-size computer. Further developments in the respiratory function diagnostic- and teaching program for small-size computers--not too expensive in the building block principle - are intended.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of indicator location on the psychophysiological characteristics of combined activities].

Investigation was carried out to estimate how efficiently can combined tasks of visual measurement and sensomotor reaction of choice be performed against tracking the sinusoidal signal at different sighting angles between their displays and different priority. It was found that, with a change in the sighting angle between the displays from 0 to 60 degrees, the time and number of tracking errors continuously increased; the probability of erroneous replies grew with an increase in the sighting angle to 30 degrees, remained essentially stable at angles of 30 and 45 degrees and decreased at 60 degrees. Combined performance of two equally important problems in case of an increase in the sighting angle between displays (from 30 to 45 degrees) was followed by a change in the structure of data acquisition.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1978

[Temporal characteristics of the movement of the cut-off elements of artificial heart valves in a pulsing flow].

A comparative investigation of time characteristics of the movement of artificial heart valves with spherical, hemispherical and lentil-shaped obturative elements under non-stationary conditions was carried out. It has been found that it is practically impossible to avoid the delay in the valve closing and opening, as well as the regurgitation phenomena, on the valve prothesis, due to the inertia of obturative elements and attached masses. A searching for new models of the heart valves should go on.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1979

Speech audiometry by a speech synthesizer. I. A preliminary report.

A preliminary report on speech test results with a portable, text-to-speech synthesizer is presented. The differentiation scores achieved at speed 80 words/min vary. So far the best mean differentiation scores in normal material are 75%. The increase of the presentation level improves the differentiation score, as does the decrease of word speed and training. The future and present uses of this system are discussed. These include: devices for the handicapped, e.g. to produce speech for the mute, man-machine communication through speech in industry control, data processing systems and uses in audiological diagnostics. The study is continued.

Adult↗