Phonomyography--acoustic myography using condenser microphones: a promising new method of monitoring neuromuscular transmission.
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This study compared the acoustic (RMS-AMG) to electromyographic (RMS-EMG) signal, median frequency of EMG power spectrum (Fm), and quadriceps torque during isometric fatiguing contraction (FC) and recovery. Seven subjects were tested for strength (MVC) and then, on separate days, maintained 20%, 40%, or 80% MVC to exhaustion followed by MVC testing at regular intervals. Throughout FC, RMS-EMG significantly (P < 0.05) increased and Fm significantly (P < 0.05) decreased during all trials; RMS-AMG significantly (P < 0.05) increased only during the 20% and 40% trials. During recovery, MVC and RMS-EMG recovered most slowly after the 20% trial and most rapidly after the 80% trial; Fm and RMS-AMG recovered by 90 seconds after all trials. RMS-AMG reflects RMS-EMG during low but not high levels of FC. Recovery of strength is most depressed following FC at lower relative levels of torque. We conclude that RMS-AMG behaves differently than RMS-EMG, torque, and Fm during FC and recovery.
Experiments on the preparation of frog sartorius muscle showed that electrical impedance myogram of evoked muscle contractions is the sum of electric processes accompanying contraction of some muscle fibers or muscle regions. Inverted muscle response probably results from heterotopic excitation of distant muscle regions under conditions of reduced excitability of muscle fibers adjacent to the electrode. During centrifugal propagation of contractions, especially in altered muscles, the negative wave on the myogram corresponding to impedance decrease is sometimes followed by a positive wave. The possibility for recording of heterotopic contractions indicates that the impedance of the electrode-muscle interface produces no considerable effects on the shape of electrical impedance myogram. These results hold much promise for the diagnostics of neuromuscular diseases.