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PubMedDate not supplied

[Serum creatine phosphokinase, GOT, and GPT activity in different types of infectious diseases in monkeys].

An increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity as well as a decrease in activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed in monkey blood serum under conditions of experimental infection of the animals with dysentery. Contrary to the non-immunized animals, the activity of CPK was increased but the activities of AAT and ALT were unaltered in blood serum of the immunized monkeys. Estimation of the enzymatic activity might be used for diagnosis of experimental dysentery and streptococcal infection.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2005

Nicotinamide homeostasis: a xenobiotic pathway that is key to development and degenerative diseases.

Monkeys and man are very closely related genetically. Yet intellectually there are big differences and they suffer from a broad range of different diseases. For example, monkeys do not get Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. The former is surprising given that both get parkinsonism from MPTP poisoning and the latter initially less surprising as the cortex predominantly affected in Alzheimer's never developed as fully in the monkey. Man is an omnivore whilst other primates are predominantly herbivores. The one primate who was almost wholly carnivorous was Neanderthal man who became extinct. Red meat has a high content of Nicotinamide, Choline, and methyl donors. The enzyme NNMT converts nicotinamide to N-methyl-nicotinamide using SAM as the methyl donor. It is not present to any degree in herbivores. It has recently been shown to be present in human brain and up regulated in Parkinson's disease. Omnivores presumably need it for nicotinamide homeostasis but the production of N-methyl-nicotinamide will also be beneficial as it will reduce the export of Choline from neurones. Both will aid brain growth and development. However, as N-methyl-nicotinamide resembles MPTP it could cause parkinsonism later in life for man but not monkeys as they would be predicted not to have as much NNMT. Humans with a diet low in Nicotinamide,Choline or methyl donors early in life and low enzyme activity may be prone to Alzheimer's as their brain and therefore its reserves may never have developed as fully. The possession of NNMT plus a diet rich in Nicotinamide, Choline and methyl providers may explain many of the advantages but also the disadvantages of the human condition. One prediction is that a diet rich in these micronutrients whilst young will improve brain development and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's but that a lower dose later in life will reduce the risk of Parkinsonism. A second prediction is that it will become clear that dietary factors including vitamins are signalers and at the head of vital biochemical pathways. A time point will be reached when errors emerge that could not be deleted by evolutionary pressures. Finding and rectifying them will be the key to preventing many common diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Study of the prevalence of agents of sexually transmitted diseases in monkeys by the gene diagnosis method.

Carriership of agents of sexually transmitted diseases (Trichomonas, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma) is highly prevalent in healthy monkeys living in the Adler Breeding Center. The incidence of these microorganisms is appreciably higher in animals with gestoses and labor abnormalities in comparison with animals with normal genital function. Mixed infection caused by 2-4 agents is much more incident than monoinfection.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Dissociation of hemi-spatial and hemi-motor impairments in a unilateral primate model of Parkinson's disease.

Monkeys with unilateral lesions of nigrostriatal dopamine projections were tested on a series of spatial tasks. One task, in which monkeys were required to use one or the other arm to retrieve food rewards from different positions, allowed separate assessment of the use of each arm in each hemi-space in order to distinguish hemi-spatial and hemi-motor impairments. The lesioned monkeys exhibited a persistent neglect of contralesional space when using either arm which could be dissociated from a motor impairment in the contralesional arm alone. Another task allowed free use of either arm across peri-personal space and demonstrated an ipsilesional bias in the monkeys' self-determined attention (orientation) to a task which they were trying to perform. It is argued that the tendency for monkeys with this lesion to rotate ipsilesionally is due to an ipsilesional deviation of the 'centre of interest' (determined by telencephalic circuitry) relative to 'straight ahead' (determined by brainstem circuitry). The dopamine projections may contribute to cortico-subcortical circuits which determine the spatial layout of mental representation, attention and intention. The results in this primate model of unilateral Parkinson's disease (PD) support the view that patients with left-sided Parkinsonian symptoms exhibit a unilateral deficit in spatial mental representation as well as their well-recognised motor symptoms. Patients with bilateral Parkinson's symptoms may exhibit bilateral deficits in mental representation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Antigenicity of galactocerebroside in experimental allergic demyelinating diseases.

Monkeys, rabbits, guinea pigs, and rats were inoculated with GC, carrier protein and complete Freund's adjuvant. Clinical and pathological changes were obtained in monkeys and rabbits, but not, to date, in guinea pigs and rats. In rabbits, alterations were restricted to the PNS tissue, distributed in spinal roots, ganglia, and peripheral nerves. The lesions were characterized by perivenous myelin breakdown and accumulations of macrophages. The response in monkeys, also restricted to PNS, was mainly an axonal degeneration. Myelin breakdown was interpreted as secondary to the axonal damage. Axonal reactions were observed in root ganglion and anterior horn cells, being accompanied by ascending degeneration in the posterior columns of the spinal cord. Demyelinating antiserum was present in all rabbits, but absent in all monkeys. Myelination inhibiting factor was also positive in all rabbits but not in monkeys. From these findings, it can be concluded that the antigenicity of the GC is not a generalized response in all animals. The lesions produced by GC in monkeys seem to be degenerative rather than allergic.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Comparison of Tanapox virus and Yaba-like viruses causing epidemic disease in monkeys.

The virus of Tanapox isolated from the lesions of patients during an outbreak of mild disease in Africa has been found to be indistinguishable in its biological and serological properties from a virus isolated from outbreaks of a pox virus infection in monkeys in primate centres in America. The natural hosts of this virus are believed to be African monkeys and ;Tanapox virus' is proposed as a suitable designation for the virus.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Binding by serum IgA antibodies from patients with coeliac disease to monkey heart tissue.

BACKGROUND: The recently reported increased prevalence of coeliac disease in heart transplant candidates and in patients with autoimmune myocarditis may suggest an autoimmune process towards antigenic components of both myocardium and small bowel. The objective of this study was to determine the possible presence of IgA antibodies directed against heart tissue in sera from patients with coeliac disease. METHODS: Sera samples from 28 biopsy-proven coeliac disease patients and 81 controls (both healthy and diseased) were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, with fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled rabbit anti-human IgA, on commercial monkey cardiac muscle sections. RESULTS: A strong fluorescence around heart muscle fibres was found in 13 out of 15 untreated patients but none in either those treated for coeliac disease or in controls. Pretreatment with tissue transglutaminase, a prominent coeliac auto-antigen, abolished the typical fluorescent pattern almost completely. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that in untreated coeliac disease there is a reaction of IgA antibodies sera, yielding a strong fluorescence, with monkey heart structures, and that tissue transglutaminase is the target antigen in this reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Antibody response to the chlamydial heat-shock protein 60 in an experimental model of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease in monkeys (Macaca nemestrina).

A primate model of chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease was used to characterize serum antibody responses to the 60 kDa chlamydial heat shock protein (CHSP60). Forty monkeys were infected in the fallopian tubes with Chlamydia trachomatis and then were treated. Twenty-three (58%) monkeys developed antibodies against CHSP60, of whom 6 (15%) had CHSP60 responses that persisted throughout the study and 17 (42.5%) had a transient response. A persistent CHSP60 antibody response was correlated with being culture- or ligase chain reaction-positive in the fallopian tubes (P=.004), but not in the cervix pretreatment, and with being tubal-positive posttreatment (P=. 02). Compared with tubal-negative monkeys, tubal-positive monkeys had more intense CHSP60 responses (P=.006) that lasted longer (P=. 002). Among CHSP60 responders, an OD>0.5 was correlated with more severe salpingeal pathology before treatment (P=.04). CHSP60 antibody response may be useful as a marker of persistent chlamydial infection in the fallopian tubes.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Disorders of cognitive processes in simulation of Alzheimer's disease in monkeys].

Two groups of monkeys were learned to differentiate stimuli with different types of information and to make a spatial choice. Characteristics of the operative memory were revealed in the delayed differentiation tasks prior to and after administration of p75-saporin (I group) and saline (II group). For the first time the Alzheimer disease in monkeys was shown to entail a deficit of operative memory due to disorders in the sensory and cognitive components of the memory. The degree of reduction of the correct decision making was shown to depend on the delay duration and the type of visual information. Following the saline administration, no significant changes occurred in the monkeys (II group). The data obtained suggest that structural-functional organisation of the cholinergic and noradrenergic mechanisms predetermining the sensory processing, differs from those involved in decision-making.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1978

Experimental group B streptococcal infection in the rhesus monkey. I. Disease production in the neonate.

Group B streptococci (GBS) are responsible for serious infections of newborn infants. An experimental model for GBS infection was developed in the newborn rhesus monkey in order to obtain more information concerning the pathogenesis of such infections. A series of 29 newborn monkeys were inoculated with either type Ic or type III GBS or sterile broth. Fatal neonatal meningitis without associated pneumonia was produced consistently following intracerebral inoculation with either type Ic or type III; intracerebral inoculation with sterile broth produced no apparent disease. Variable disease production followed intravenous or intra-amniotic GBS inoculation, and clinical manifestations ranged from no apparent disease to fatal meningitis and pneumonia. This monkey model may be useful for further investigation of treatment and prevention of neonatal GBS infection.

Animals↗