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PubMed1994

The Common Alcohol Logistic-Revised scale (CAL-R): a revised alcoholism scale for the MMPI and MMPI-2.

The Common Alcohol Logistic-Revised (CAL-R) scale was developed for use with MMPI or MMPI-2 with medical patients. It was derived from the Common Alcohol Logistic (CAL) scale and developed by (1) dropping the six CAL items deleted from the MMPI during construction of the MMPI-2 and recomputing item weights (using logistic regression); (2) calculating norms; and (3) repeating the validation procedure used in developing CAL. We used the same criterion group (1,221 alcoholics) and same contrast sample (7,621 nonalcoholic medical patients) used for CAL. Comparison of receiver operating characteristic curves, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for CAL and CAL-R indicates that the latter has the same favorable ability to screen medical patients for alcoholism as the former.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of MMPI-2 and MMPI clinical scales and high-point scores among methadone maintenance clients.

Methadone client volunteers completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway & McKinley, 1967) and MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) on consecutive days. MMPI-2 T-scores were lower by a mean of 4.7 on the clinical scales; when 5 points were added to MMPI-2 T-scores the mean difference was 2.3. Rank order of subjects on scale T-scores was not significantly different between the two instruments. High-point similarity for clinically elevated profile pairs ranged from 61% to 92%, depending upon definition of similarity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of MMPI-2 and MMPI-A norms on T-score elevations for 18-year-olds.

This study examines the effects of scoring 18-year-old respondents on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents (MMPI-A) norms in terms of T-score elevations and profile configuration. Results indicate that substantial differences can occur in T-score elevations for 18-year-olds as a function of norms, with MMPI-2 norms generally producing lower validity scale values and higher clinical scale values than MMPI-A norms. These differences can range as high as 15 T-score points and resulted in different single-scale and 2-point profiles in 34% of the cases examined in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

MMPI and MMPI-2 scores on the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale.

Raw-score means of the Cook-Medley Hostility scale are smaller in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) normative group than in the MMPI normative group, and T scores are larger. The results contrast with those for the clinical scales but are consistent with results for some other scales. Reasons for the different patterns of MMPI and MMPI-2 scores are discussed.

Hostility↗
PubMed1999

Profile validity standards for MMPI and MMPI-2 F scales.

Although numerous indices of validity have been developed for the MMPI and MMPI-2, interest in the F scale and its variants continues, especially among practicing clinicians. The use of the binomial for assessing standards for random answering and possibly for judgments of malingering offers another approach for the interpretation of F-scale scores. The theoretical binomial distribution and Monte Carlo data are in accord. Cut-off scores of 24 for the MMPI and 23 for the MMPI-2 suggest random responses, and scores of 40 and 37, respectively, suggest clinical interpretation rather than randomness of responding.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

How (not) to evaluate the comparability of MMPI and MMPI-2 profile configurations: a reply to Humphrey and Dahlstrom.

Humphrey and Dahlstrom (1995) presented a study on the comparability of MMPI/MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) profiles in which they concluded that "the bases for clinical interpretation derived from the MMPI and MMPI-2 profiles were sufficiently at variance to require different conclusions" [sic] (p. 2). In this brief critique, we identify procedural and data-analytical deficiencies that invalidate Humphrey and Dahlstrom's argument. Their blanket recommendation based on this argument, namely, that clinicians routinely plot both MMPI and MMPI-2 profiles, is unwarranted.

Comment↗
PubMed1996

Comparability of MMPI and MMPI-2 profile patterns: Ben-Porath and Tellegen's inappropriate invocation of Mahalanobis's D2 function.

Ben-Porath and Tellegen (1995) claimed that the data in the article by Humphrey and Dahlstrom (1995) were improperly analyzed by means of Q correlations between raw scores earned by the individuals in the forensic sample to establish pattern comparability between the original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway & McKinley, 1943) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989), which were then contrasted with Q correlations between the corresponding T-score patterns. Ben-Porath and Tellegen (1995) contended that the Q correlation is affected by random factors and that a generalized distance function, D2, is the only legitimate index of profile comparability. Data are presented here to show that the Q correlation serves as a reliable index of pattern comparability, relatively unaffected by differences in profile elevation. The Mahalanobis (1936) D2 index is too heavily weighted with differences in profile elevation serve as the proper index of equivalence in profile patterning. The findings in the Humphrey and Dahlstrom (1995) article were based on appropriate data-analytic procedures because the primary concern is their investigation was the extent to which the patterns of T-score profiles from the original MMPI and the MMPI-2 are comparable when the raw-score patterns are virtually identical.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Evaluating the similarity of MMPI-2 and MMPI profiles: reply to Dahlstrom and Humphrey.

We review issues that have arisen in exchanges with Dahlstrom and Humphrey (Dahlstrom & Humphrey, 1996; Humphrey & Dahlstrom, 1995) about assessing the comparability of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and the MMPI. We point out the limitations of Q correlations (without contending that D(2) is "the only legitimate function of profile comparability," as Dahlstrom and Humphrey, 1996, p. 350, claim we do), and explain why Dahlstrom and Humphrey's (1996) new Q-correlational results, correctly interpreted, are consistent with our own previous observations and conclusions. We stress again the importance of both overall profile elevation and profile "definition" in making code-type assignments. Nonrestrictive code types ignore these profile characteristics, and their use needlessly lowers MMPI-2/MMPI code-type congruences and raises the incidence of profile misinterpretations. Our recommendation of well-defined MMPI-2 code types stands.

Comment↗
PubMed1981

Correspondence of the MMPI and the MMPI-168 with intestinal bypass surgery patients.

Explored the degree of correspondence between the MMPI-168 and the standard form MMPI in a sample of 161 female intestinal bypass surgery patients. The MMPI-168 was extracted from the standard form, and appropriate comparisons indicated high correspondence at the group level; however, considerable differences between the two forms emerged in analyses of individual profile pairs. Although evidence for its use as a screening device to identify those individuals who may be experiencing significant psychological problems is offered, the analyses indicated that the two forms should not be considered equivalent in this setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An improved MMPI short form: the MMPI-168-E.

K-corrected MMPI-168 scales using short and long form K scales (N = 2439). The latter increased the correlation between abbreviated and standard scales in most instances. Because using the entire K scale involves the addition of only 18 items to the MMPI-168 while it generally improves the statistical validity of several scales in addition to K, this was proposed as a cost-effective means of improving the MMPI-168.

Hospitals, Psychiatric↗
PubMed1994

Validity of the MMPI Personality Disorder scales (MMPI-PD).

The MMPI Personality Disorder scales, developed by Morey, Waugh, and Blashfield (1985), were validated on an inpatient population by comparing 104 patients' MMPI-PD scores with the MCMI and with DSM-III-R diagnosis. Conservative significance levels were used to ensure more valid conclusions. Schizoid, Avoidant, Dependent, Histrionic, and Narcissistic scales were correlated significantly. Passive-Aggressive, Schizotypal, and Borderline scales did not correlate with corresponding MCMI scales. The MMPI-PD nonoverlapping scales were most effective in predicting diagnosis, specifically the Personality Disorder NOS, Eccentric and Borderline groups. The overlapping scales were not as effective in predicting diagnosis, but best predicted the Eccentric and Borderline groups. This study provides support for the validity of specific scales and circumscribed diagnostic utility for both measures.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Examination of the new MMPI-2 Response Bias Scale (Gervais): relationship with MMPI-2 validity scales.

Validity scales were recently developed to improve assessment of symptom validity beyond original MMPI-2 validity scales. In an initial study, the Response Bias Scale (RBS; Gervais, 2005) was developed based upon non-head-injury claimant performances on a cognitive effort measure, the Word Memory Test (WMT). The present study examined relationships of the RBS with numerous MMPI-2 validity scales in a sample of 211 participants with secondary gain (SG) or no secondary gain (NSG). Of the validity scales observed, RBS yielded the largest effect size difference between groups (d = .65), followed closely by FBS (d = .60) and the L-scale (d = .51). Overall, RBS correlated most significantly (r = .74, p < .001) with FBS, but also showed significant correlations with most other validity scales for both groups. RBS further demonstrated significant correlations (p < .001) with all clinical scales except for Mf. Findings suggest that RBS and FBS may represent a similar construct of symptom validity, and may outperform other MMPI-2 validity scales in discriminating SG and NSG groups. Findings provide preliminary support for use of RBS within the forensic context.

Bias↗
PubMed1985

Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high point profiles and MMPI codes. Part II. MMPI code 27/72.

The relationship between the MMPI 27/72 code type and MCMI high point codes is examined for 228 psychiatric patients. MCMI high point codes that correspond highly with MMPI 27/72 code enable the clinician to identify three discrete personality subgroups entitled: Fearfully Dependent, Conforming-Dependent, and Ambivalently Dependent. The central features of each of these groups are described, and their clinical characteristics used as a basis for differentiating ambiguities and contradictory interpretations commonly given the MMPI 27/72 code type.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Codetype agreement between MMPI-2 and estimated MMPI profiles in chemically dependent inpatients.

The extent of codetype agreement between the revised version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) and estimated MMPI profiles was examined in a sample of 121 inpatients being treated for chemical dependence, primarily alcoholism. Rates of codetype agreement among the entire sample and various subsamples are comparable to those reported elsewhere derived for different samples and using different methods. Implications for MMPI-2 codetype interpretation are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

MMPI-2 and MMPI-A research with U.S. Latinos: a bibliography.

This bibliography presents a comprehensive listing of all research conducted on U.S. Latinos, including Puerto Ricans, with the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A beginning in 1989. A total of 52 studies and 6 additional resources are listed. Researchers and clinicians could use this bibliography for the culturally appropriate application of the MMPI-2/MMPI-A with this growing population.

Hispanic or Latino↗
PubMed1996

Cross-validation of MMPI and MMPI-2 predictor scales.

Nineteen Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) or revised Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) scales, purported to be predictive of treatment outcome, were related to length of stay (LOS) in a domiciliary and to discharge status from a domiciliary for 335 subjects. The revised MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale (MAC-R), Addiction Acknowledgement Scale (AAS), and Addiction Potential Scale (APS), scales indicating a propensity to use illicit substances, and the Psychopathic Deviate Scale (Pd), indicating acting-out, all correlate negatively with length of stay. AAS also correlates negatively with regular/irregular discharge. Other scales expected to predict treatment outcome do not significantly correlate with either length of stay or type of discharge.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of MMPI and MMPI-2 in PTSD assessment.

A sample of 47 Vietnam veterans with the diagnosis of combat-related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was administered the MMPI and MMPI-2. Pairwise comparisons were performed on the clinical scales, Harris Lingoes subscales, and scales relevant to the assessment of PTSD. Correlational analyses were performed as well. Hit rates of high-point pairs were compared across the tests. The results suggest a high degree of congruence between tests. Differences were seen on evaluations of some scales between tests that may influence interpretation and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high point profiles and MMPI codes, Part I: MMPI code 28/82.

In this study it has been shown that the addition of MCMI high-point code types to the MMPI 28/82 code type clarifies contradictory MMPI descriptors and locates three distinct clinical clusters. These MMPI/MCMI clusters were defined as an interpersonally acting-in group, an emotionally acting-out group and an emotionally acting-in group to describe the levels on which they characteristically operate. The results of this study lend support to the utility of combining two objective assessment instruments for the purposes of identifying and discriminating subtleties among relevant personality disorders (DSM-III: Axis II) and clinical syndromes (DSM-III: Axis I).

Acting Out↗