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Results for “Lymphocyte Transfusion”

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PubMed1975

Passive transfer of immunity into leprosy patients by transfusion of lymphocytes and by transfusion of Lawrence's transfer factor.

About 1,200 million viable lymphocytes from normal but lepromin- and tuberculin-positive human beings were transfused in four patients of lepromatous and one of tuberculoid leprosy three times at monthly intervals. Three patients of lepromatous leprosy suffered from erythema modosum, whereas the other two developed severe reaction whenever put on the smallest dose of dapsone. In one patient of lepromatous leprosy, minimal improvement or none was observed, whereas in the remaining three cases of lepromatous and one of tuberculoid leprosy, clinical, bacteriological, as well as histological improvement occurred. Two of the five patients started to tolerate the dapsone during the period of study. The present study indicates that immunotherapy might have a definite role in the management of the disease especially in cases with erythema nodosum. Lawrence factor, prepared from leucocytes of normal donors, was transfused three times into four lepromatous leprosy patients who were intolerant to anti-leprosy drugs. The donors were healthy but were tuberculin and lepromin (Mitsuda) positive. The clinical, histological, bacteriological (morphological index), and immunological assessments of the patients were performed before and 5 months after starting the immunotherapy. In two patients conversion of Mitsuda reaction occurred, but there was no appreciable improvement in the clinical, histologic, and bacteriologic status of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Lymphocyte subpopulations in long-term dialysis patients: a case-controlled study of the effects of blood transfusion.

Lymphocyte subsets in a group of intensely transfused (greater than 10 units/year) patients on long-term hemodialysis were compared with those in a carefully controlled population of lightly transfused (1-10 units/year, no units during study period) long-term dialysis patients. The data confirm previous reports of lymphopenia and a symmetrical reduction of both T- and B-cell subpopulations in patients on long-term dialysis. Eleven (36.7%) of 30 intensely transfused dialysis (ITD) patients had a low T8 population when expressed as a percentage value, while 0 of 25 lightly transfused dialysis (LTD) control patients exhibited a low percentage of T8 cells. There were no significant absolute differences between the lymphocyte subsets in the ITD and LTD patients. These data contrast with previous reports of other groups of ITD patients in whom there was an observed increase in T8 cytotoxic suppressor cells. Our findings suggest that the immunologic effects of renal failure and long-term dialysis largely override the increase in T8 lymphocyte subsets observed in other groups of transfused patients. There is little difference between ITD and LTD patients, but both groups are significantly different from nontransfused controls. Further longitudinal studies are needed in completely untransfused patients to resolve the contribution of minimal transfusion therapy to the immunologic deficits observed in long-term dialysis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Influence of perioperative whole blood transfusions on lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with stage II breast cancer.

Preliminary reports have suggested an adverse relationship between blood transfusion and survival after surgery in patients with solid tumour. One might postulate that from these studies, perioperative blood transfusions alter host immune defences. We therefore examined the influence of homologous whole blood transfusion on circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in transfused patients compared with non-transfused patients. Fifty-one women with Stage II breast cancer who underwent surgical procedures were studied. Patients were classified into two groups on the basis of whether or not they had received blood transfusion. The lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry before cancer surgery and three weeks after the operation. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells as the lymphocyte subsets were quantitated using appropriate monoclonal antibodies. No significant differences between pre- and postoperative lymphocyte subset levels were seen in non-transfused patients. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the CD8+ cell count; decreasing CD4+ cell count and decreased CD3+ cells levels were observed in the transfused group (P < 0.05). Although these early results of the study suggest that the blood transfusions could be associated with alterations in lymphocyte populations, additional studies are needed to elucidate the possible mechanism of the transfusion-induced immunological modulations.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1983

The influence of blood transfusions on lymphocyte reactivity in man.

The effect of planned blood transfusion (BT) on lymphocyte reactivity in previously non-transfused uraemic patients has been investigated. A sustained and non-specific decrease in MLR was observed in approximately 60 per cent of the cases. Other patients had only a transient decrease, normal or increased response. Lymphocyte suspensions whose proliferation was reduced after BT suppressed the response of autologous cells taken before BT. Neither pre-BT degree of immune responsiveness nor clinical status of the patients had any influence on this phenomenon.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMed1998

Adoptive immunotherapy for leukemia: donor lymphocytes transduced with the herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene for remission induction. HGTRI 0103.

This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogenic donor lymphocyte infusions in patients who have relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Donor lymphocyte transfusions have resulted in the cure of some patients with relapsed leukemia or lymphoproliferative disorder after allogeneic BMT, but has been complicated by the development of graft versus host disease (GvHD). We hypothesize that a retroviral vector containing the Herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HStk) gene will allow for retention of the anti-leukemia response of transfused donor lymphocytes while allowing for the adverse effects of GVHD to be mitigated. Patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic BMT will be infused with ex vivo gene modified donor lymphocytes. The Herpes Simplex thymidine kinase (HStk) gene will be transduced into the cells ex vivo using LTKOSN. 1 vector supernate. Insertion of the HStk gene into lymphocytes confers a sensitivity to the anti-herpes drug ganciclovir (GCV). This selective destruction of donor lymphocytes in situ will be used to abrogate the effect of graft versus host disease, if it develops.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed2000

Molecular basis for therapeutic decisions in chronic myeloid leukemia patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent progress in the development of diagnostic techniques has greatly facilitated the monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the only curative treatment for this disease. The presence of the P210(bcr-abl) rearrangement in CML cells has allowed highly sensitive detection of MRD by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, complete eradication of the leukemic clone may not be a necessary prerequisite for long-term remission or cure. This observation limits the value of qualitative PCR analysis for prediction of progressive disease and highlights the need to monitor the proliferative activity of the malignant clone in order to permit timely detection of impending relapse and, thus, early therapy. This article discusses the applicability of several molecular methods to the monitoring of treatment efficacy and early assessment of clonal expansion in patients with CML after BMT. It also presents guidelines for clinical use of PCR analyses and the most effective approaches to treat relapsed patients. INFORMATION SOURCES: The authors have been working in this field, both experimentally and at a clinical level, contributing original papers to peer-reviewed journals. The material examined in this review includes articles published in journals covered by MedLine and reviews from journals with a high impact factor. STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES: In view of the very limited value of qualitative PCR in detecting CML patients destined to relapse after BMT, several investigators have developed molecular assays that enable the kinetics of MRD to be monitored over time (e.g. quantitative PCR for P210(bcr-abl), PCR analysis of whole blood/lineage-specific chimerism and qualitative PCR for P190(bcr-abl)). These molecular strategies closely trace the kinetics of leukemic regrowth. Disease evolution in relapsed patients is consistently characterized by the sequential detection of increasing P210(bcr-abl) transcript levels, increasing myeloid mixed chimerism and finally, P190(bcr-abl) positivity preceding cytogenetic relapse. A 10-fold or greater increase in the expression of P210(bcr-abl) confirmed by a minimum of three independent quantitative PCR analyses and/or a progressive increase in the percentage of host myeloid cells in three consecutive chimerism analyses and/or P190(bcr-abl) mRNA detection must be regarded as an indication of incipient disease progression and should provide a rationale for initiation of treatment. There are various approaches to the management of the patient who relapses. The first step, if possible, is to reduce or terminate immune suppression. If the patient is not receiving this therapy, he or she can be treated with hydroxyurea or interferon or can be offered a second transplant. However, infusion to the patient of lymphoid cells (DLI) collected from the original donor has the capacity to restore complete remission in 70-80% of cases. Currently, several strategies are being used to minimize the severity of graft-versus-host disease after DLI (optimization of transfused lymphocyte doses, modification of the transfused lymphocyte subsets, administration of lymphocytes in escalating doses or lymphocyte transfection with a suicide gene), to reduce the incidence of marrow aplasia (stem cell support) and to increase the rate of complete responses (cytokines associated with DLI, leukemia-reactive cytotoxic lymphocytes, tyrosine kinase inhibitors or pre-emptive DLI).

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

The graft-versus-leukemia effect.

Although the graft-versus-leukemia effect was predicted from animal experiments almost 40 years ago, only recently has its role in clinical bone marrow transplantation become better defined. The graft-versus-leukemia effect was initially considered to be a minor component of the graft-versus-host reaction. However, more recent analyses of clinical bone marrow transplants and the successful treatment of relapsed leukemia with donor lymphocyte transfusions indicate that the graft-versus-leukemia effect can be very powerful and to some degree independent of graft-versus-host disease. Results of donor lymphocyte transfusions draw attention to wide variability in response according to the nature of the relapsed leukemia and also to additional therapies that may enhance the efficacy of donor lymphocyte transfusions. Although natural killer lymphocytes may play a role in the graft-versus-leukemia effect, attention is focusing increasingly on T lymphocytes as potent mediators of the effect. Both CD4+ and CD8+ cells, together with the cytokines they produce, can interact with leukemia cells to deliver a cytotoxic hit on the malignant clone. Although leukemia cells undoubtedly share common antigens with other tissues of the recipient resulting in nonspecific graft-versus-host and graft-versus-leukemia reactions, there is also the possibility that distinct antigens are presented to T cells by the leukemia cells, providing a basis for separating the graft-versus-leukemia from graft-versus-host reactions. The current clinical challenge is to devise strategies for separating the graft-versus-leukemia response from graft-versus-host disease.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed2006

[The effect of peripheral blood lymphocyte cell cultured and induced in vitro on the facial nerve regeneration].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of peripheral blood lymphocyte cells cultured in vitro on the facial nerve repair and regeneration. METHOD: Facial nerves branch-ramus buccolabialis of 20 Wistar male rats were dissected and sutured immediately. Then they were divided into two groups randomly as lymphocytes transfusion group and control group (no cell transfusion). Each group was divided into two sub-groups as 2 w and 8 w. The action potential conduct velocity of the facial nerve was measured and the facial neuron number with HRP retrograde tracing method was counted. RESULT: In 8 weeks the action potential conduct velocity of the lymphocytes transfusion group was (0.64 +/- 0.07) m/s, which was significantly faster than that of the control group (0.56 +/- 0.07) m/s (P < 0.05). There was no difference of the facial neuron number among two sub-groups and the control group. CONCLUSION: When purified and amplified in vitro and auto-transfused around the injuries nerve, the peripheral blood lymphocyte cells may have some positive effects on facial nerve repair and regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Differences in non-MHC restricted cytotoxic activities of human peripheral blood lymphocytes after transfusion with allogeneic leukocytes or platelets possessing class I and/or class II MHC molecules.

MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 4-6 healthy donors was investigated before and after transfusion with allogeneic leukocytes or platelets. Natural killer and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC) of PBL was tested against K562 and Raji target cells in a 4-h and 16-h 51Cr-release assay, respectively. After allotransfusion with leukocytes, we found increased cytotoxic activity of each donor's PBL against all the three targets on day 3 or 7. The highest non-specific cytotoxic activity was detected against the relatively NK resistant Raji target cells. The increase of cytotoxic activity was lowest against the LDCC target (PHA-treated Raji) cells. On the contrary, no changes in cytotoxic activity against any targets were observed after allotransfusion with platelets (possessing class I HLA antigens but no HLA class II molecules). Our results suggest that HLA class II molecules, presumably by inducing immune responses, are essential for activation/generation of non-specific killing of tumor targets after leukocyte transfusion. Thrombocytes, known to be less immunogenic than leukocytes, are not effective in in vivo enhancing of non-specific cytotoxicity. Cellular activation of PBL following leukocyte allotransfusion was confirmed by detection of elevated serum neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin levels on day 3. This was not the case after platelet allotransfusion. In addition, the expression of ICAM-1 antigen (as a molecule involved directly in MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity) was also found to be increased in two donors' PBL on day 3 after leukocyte transfusion in contrast to transfusion with platelets.

Biopterins↗
PubMed1962

Transformation of adult allogeneic small lymphocytes after transfusion into newborn rats.

Newborn rats of one inbred strain were given an intracardiac injection of adult thoracic duct lymphocytes from another inbred strain. It was found that although there was a direct relationship between the number of small lymphocytes injected and the incidence of fatal runt disease, there was no particular relationship between the large lymphocyte content of an inoculum and its runt-inducing potentiality. Using tritiated thymidine and an autoradiographic technique, the small lymphocytes in the inoculum were labelled and found to migrate in large numbers into the cortex of the lymph nodes and into the Peyer's patches of the host animal, and in smaller numbers into the white pulp of the spleen. Within 24 hours isotope, previously present in the DNA of small lymphocytes, appeared in a number of the large pyroninophilic cells which were a characteristic feature of the spleen and lymph nodes in this early phase of runt disease. When the large lymphocytes in the inoculum were labelled they were found to migrate to the red pulp of the spleen, medulla of the lymph nodes, and the Peyer's patches and the lamina propria of the small intestine. Later some labelled small lymphocytes appeared at these sites. These findings suggest that: (1) Some small lymphocytes are immunologically competent cells, and (2) After introduction into the circulation of a newborn rat, these same small lymphocytes are the first cells to react with the antigens of the host, and in the process they become transformed into large pyroninophilic cells capable of division. The large lymphocytes seem to play little part in this initiating of an immunological response, but do give rise to some small lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The effect of previous blood transfusion on lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cell function in patients with colorectal cancer.

To elucidate the possible influence of previous blood transfusion on immune functions, the transfusion history of 153 patients admitted to hospital for elective colorectal surgery was correlated with lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cell function. The subsets determined were CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD20, CD56, CD57 and HLA-DR-positive. The NK cell function was determined by measuring the killing capacity against cFDA-labelled K562 target cells monitored via a flow-cytometer. We found that 42 patients (27%) had been transfused before surgery, of these 13 had been transfused less than 30 days before surgery and 29 (19%) transfused more than 30 days before (median 10 years, range 0.1-37 years). In transfused patients, we found a significantly reduced number of B lymphocytes (CD20; p = 0.01), a reduction in HLA-DR-positive cells (p = 0.02) and a just significant reduction of NK cell function in transfused compared to nontransfused patients. The reduction in NK cell function is marginal and the NK cell function is within normal range, and probably without clinical significance. Reduction in NK cell function has been described before, whereas the reduction in B cells has not been reported earlier. The results may suggest an impaired humoral immunity and a minor reduction in cellular immunity in patients following blood transfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Increase of donor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors after transfusion.

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor (CTLp) frequencies were determined in the blood of 10 patients before and after transfusion. The male patients were selected from those on the waiting list for a heart or kidney transplantation, who had received no previous blood transfusions and had no panel-reactive antibodies. Both the limiting dilution curves obtained before as well as after transfusion were linear and applied to zero-order kinetics, indicating that only cytotoxic T cells were limiting in the assay. In 9 out of 10 patients CTLp frequencies against the blood donor antigens significantly increased (up to 107 times) compared to the CTLp frequencies measured before transplantation. The CTLp frequencies against controls, sharing no HLA antigens with the blood transfusion donor, were only slightly increased (up to 5 times) in 7 patients and decreased in 3.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed2004

In-vivo generation of leukaemia-derived dendritic cells.

Adoptive immunotherapy with transfusion of donor lymphocytes in allogeneic stem cell chimeras has been successful in the treatment of recurrent chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and some patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The hypothesis that the graft-vs-leukaemia effect (GVL) is promoted by leukaemia-derived dendritic cells has been supported by the concurrent treatment of patients with cytokines that are known to induce differentiation of leukaemia cells towards dendritic cells. In combination with donor lymphocyte transfusions, treatment with interferon-alpha and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor has been studied in patients with recurrent CML and AML, and pre-emptively in patients with high-risk AML. Long-term remissions have been observed in cytokine-treated patients, indicating the beneficial effect of cytokine stimulation of GVL reactions. This is likely to be due to differentiation of leukaemia progenitor cells towards dendritic cells in vivo.

Cell Lineage↗