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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Intergenomic recombination in F1 lily hybrids (Lilium) and its significance for genetic variation in the BC1 progenies as revealed by GISH and FISH.

Intergenomic recombination was assessed in a BC1 population of Oriental (O)xAsiatic (A) lilies (Lilium) backcrossed to Asiatic parents. This population consisted of 38 plants generated from the 2n gametes from 2 genotypes (951502-1 and 952400-1) of the diploid F1, Orientalx Asiatic lilies (2n=2x=24) as parents. In the majority of BC1 plants, there was evidence that first division restitution, with and without crossovers, resulted in functional gametes. However, there were 5 BC1 plants in which 2n gametes originated from indeterminate meiotic restitution (IMR). Based on the number of recombinant chromosomes for a particular homoeologous pair, 3 types of plants were identified: (i) those with both the reciprocal product of a crossover (O/A, A/O, where O represents the centromere of the O genome and A the recombinant segment of Asiatic chromosome, and vice versa); (ii) those with 1 normal chromosome of the O genome and a recombinant chromosome (O, A/O); and (iii) those with 1 normal chromosome of the A genome and a recombinant chromosome (A, O/A). An important feature of A x OA backcross progeny is the occurrence of substitutions for the segment distal in the crossover wherever the recombinant chromosome O/A was present. In the case of IMR, the substitution occurred for both proximal and distal recombinant segments. The significance of these substitutions is that they offer the potential for the phenotypic expression of recessive genes in polyploids (i.e., nulliplex genotype).

Centromere↗
PubMed2005

Nondiffusional release of allergens from pollen grains of Artemisia vulgaris and Lilium longiflorum depends mainly on the type of the allergen.

BACKGROUND: Upon contact with a wet surface, mature pollen grains hydrate and release proteins including allergens. Knowledge of the release mechanism of allergens that are mainly localized intracellularly may allow the design of strategies for inhibition of allergen release and the consequent sensitization process. METHODS: An improved pollen chromatography was performed with Artemisia vulgaris and Lilium longiflorum pollen. Using three elution media of different pH, osmolality and salt concentration mimicking various types of wet surfaces, the time-dependent elution profiles of total protein, a cell wall-bound acid phosphatase activity (acPase), allergenic (profilin, Art v 1) and nonallergenic molecules (14-3-3 protein, actin) were monitored. RESULTS: The release kinetics of total protein and cell wall-bound acPase followed an exponential decrease in both pollen species indicating a diffusion-based protein release, whereas the elution profiles of profilin, Art v 1 and 14-3-3 protein showed nondiffusion characteristics. No general dependence on pH, osmolality or salt concentration of the elution media was observable in the elution profiles. Under the applied conditions, actin was not released indicating that the pollen grains remained intact during the elution. CONCLUSION: The elution profiles of pollen allergens indicated that substantial amounts of these proteins do not diffuse from the cell wall or are released from intracellular compartments during imbibitional leakage. Instead, a mechanism seems to operate that involves translocation from the pollen cytoplasm to the extracellular environment by crossing an intact plasma membrane. Such a mechanism would probably allow the use of pharmaceuticals for inhibition of allergen release.

14-3-3 Proteins↗
PubMed2002

Relationship between the structural and functional changes of the photosynthetic apparatus during chloroplast-chromoplast transition in flower bud of Lilium longiflorum.

The relationship between the structural and functional changes of the photosynthetic apparatus in the flower bud of Lilium longiflorum during chloroplast-chromoplast transition was examined. Compared with green petals, there was a five-fold increase of the carotenoid content in yellow petals, whereas the chlorophyll content decreased five-fold. Absorption and emission fluorescence spectra of chromoplasts indicated that newly synthesized carotenoids were not associated with photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry. The maximum quantum yield in the remaining PSII reaction centers remained constant during the chromoplast formation, whereas the photosynthetic electron transport beyond PSII became inhibited, as indicated by a marked decrease of the O2 evolution capacity, of the photochemical quenching of chlorophyll-alpha fluorescence and of the operational quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport. Deconvoluted fluorescence emission spectra indicated a more rapid degradation of photosystem I (PSI) complexes than of PSII during chromoplast formation. Compared with green petals, the spillover between PSII and PSI decreased by approximately 40% in yellow petals. Our results indicate that during chloroplast-chromoplast transition in the flower bud of L. longiflorum, PSII integrity was preserved longer than the rest of the photosynthetic apparatus.

Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes↗
PubMed2026

Genome-Wide Identification of the LdARF Gene Family in Lilium davidii var. unicolor and Transient Functional Analysis of LdARF17 in Bulblet Regeneration.

Auxin response factors (ARFs) are key transcriptional regulators of the auxin signaling pathway and play important roles in plant organogenesis and regeneration. However, the functions of ARF family genes in lily scale-derived bulblet regeneration remain largely unclear. In this study, 24 LdARF genes were identified from the genome of Lilium davidii var. unicolor. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LdARF proteins showed evolutionary conservation with ARF homologs from other monocot species. Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic analysis, and expression profiling revealed functional divergence among LdARF genes during scale-derived bulblet regeneration. Among them, LdARF17 exhibited a distinct regeneration-associated expression pattern, characterized by rapid induction after scale excision and sustained high expression during subsequent bulblet initiation and formation. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that LdARF17 is localized in the nucleus. Transient overexpression of LdARF17 significantly promoted bulblet regeneration and was associated with increased expression of auxin-responsive and regeneration-related genes, including IAA14, LBD16, and LBD29. These findings suggest that LdARF17 acts as a positive regulator of lily scale regeneration and may influence auxin-responsive transcriptional processes associated with early cell proliferation, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying vegetative regeneration in lilies.

Auxin response factor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of gold banded lily (Lilium auratum Lindl) or Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L) on spontaneous mammary tumourigenesis in SHN mice.

Some guanidino compounds have been found to inhibit spontaneous mammary tumourigenesis in mice. In the present study, the effects of chronic treatment with Gold Banded Lily (Lilium auratum LindI) or Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus L), which contains L-arginine or L-canavanine, on spontaneous mammary tumourigenesis were examined in SHN mice. Free access to drinking water containing hot water extract of each natural product at a concentration of 0.5% significantly inhibited the development, but not growth, of mammary tumour. The mechanism of the protective role of each natural product in mammary tumours remains to be clarified; however, there were no significant long-term deleterious side-effects of chronic treatment with either product estimating from body weight change, food and water intakes and plasma component levels. Thus, the present findings suggest that these natural products containing guanidino compounds may act as prophylactic agents for mammary and other types of tumours.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed2002

[The allozyme analysis of the genetic differentiation in self-inbred early generations of Lilium formolongi Hort].

The genetic diversity and differentiation of Lilium formolongi Hort. lines in self-inbred early generations were studied by allozyme electrophoresis. The results showed that mean allele number/locus, percentage of polymorphic loci, average observed heterozygosity and average expected heterozygosity were decreased with the increment of self-inbred generations. The purified loci, purified speed, fixed alleles and increment of genetic differentiation were different among lines because of selection and self-inbred. The mean genetic distances among F4 lines were larger than that of F3 lines, serving as another evidence to prove the differentiation among lines.

Alleles↗
PubMed2002

[Anti-yeast activity of ethanol extracts of Lilium candidum L].

The paper deals with anti-yeast activity of ethanolic extracts from the flowers and bulbs of Lilium candidum L., Liliaceae, as well as some compounds isolated from these extracts. Several different methods were used for the determination of anti-yeast activity: Lowry method of protein determination, dilution and cultivation method. The extract from the bulbs was shown to be more active than the extract from the flowers, while isolated compounds were inactive against the tested yeasts.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Screening of steroidal saponins from the bulbs of Lilium brownii var. colchesteri by combination of high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and electron impact mass spectrometry].

With the combination of high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) and electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS), two steroidal saponins, one compound containing three glycosyls and tigogenin and the other one containing three glycosyls and diosgenin, from the bulbs of Lilium brownii var. calchesteri in China have been screened. In the method, on-line HPLC/ESI-MS allows us to obtain rapidly useful information about the molecular weight and the glycosyl chain of glycoside without the necessity of isolating individual compounds, but little information about steroidal sapogenins. Just with 1 mg to 2 mg of pure sample, off-line EI-MS allows us to acquire useful information about a steroidal sapogenin of saponins, but it is difficult to obtain the molecular ion peak. The combination of HPLC/ESI-MS and EI-MS is well suitable for rapidly screening steroidal saponins from plants.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1997

Characterization and localization of profilin in pollen grains and tubes of Lilium longiflorum.

Pollen tubes show a rapid and dramatically polarized growth in which the actin cytoskeleton appears to play a central role. In order to understand the regulation of actin we characterized its associated protein, profilin, in pollen tubes of Lilium longiflorum. By using purified polyclonal antibodies prepared against bean root profilin [Vidali et al., 1995: Plant Physiol. 108:115-123] we detected in pollen grains and tubes two profilin polypeptides with molecular masses of 14.4 and 13.4 KDa, and an identical isoelectric point of 5.05. Profilin comprises approximately 0.47% of the total grain protein, with actin being approximately 1.4%. We were unable to detect a statistically significant profilin increase after germination, while the actin increased approximately 68%. We also spatially localized the distribution of profilin using immunocytochemistry of fixed cells at both the light and electron microscope level, and by fluorescent analog cytochemistry on live cells. The results show that profilin is evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm and does not specifically associate with any cellular structure.

Actins↗
PubMed1995

The appearance of male gamete-specific histones gH2B and gH3 during pollen development in Lilium longiflorum.

The male gametic (generative) nucleus within the nearly mature pollen of Lilium longiflorum contains specific variants of histone H2B and H3, which have been designated gH2B and gH3, respectively. Using specific antibodies raised against gH2B and gH3, we examined in detail the temporal and spatial aspects of the appearance of these histone variants during male gametogenesis. Neither gH2B nor gH3 was detected in microsporocytes during meiotic division or in microspores before microspore mitosis. However, both gH2B and gH3 were abundantly present in mid bicellular pollen and these histones continued to be detectable in germinated pollen tubes after pollination. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry revealed that these proteins were present not only in generative nuclei during the maturation process, but also in the two sperm nuclei formed by division of the generative nucleus. By contrast, these proteins were not found in the vegetative nuclei. It appears, therefore, that both gH2B and gH3 are specific to male gametic (generative and sperm) nuclei in L. longiflorum. The results also suggest that these male gamete-specific histones might be newly synthesized in the progenitor of sperm cells for the differentiation of male gametes, as occurs in spermatogenesis in animals.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1996

Generative cells of Lilium longiflorum possess translatable mRNA and functional protein synthesis machinery.

Metabolic labelling with [35S]-methionine demonstrated that generative cells of Lilium longiflorum possess their own set of mRNA and are capable of synthesising proteins independently from the vegetative cell. The isolated generative cells synthesised ten proteins, of which six were unique to these specialised cells. Isolation of generative cells from pollen grains after [35S]-methionine labelling resulted in an identical protein profile, therefore the synthesis of these proteins was not due to isolation shock. Addition of cycloheximide, abolished TCA-precipitable counts, whilst actinomycin D had no qualitative effect on the observed protein profile, indicating active translation of pre-existing mRNAs by the generative cells.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1995

The characterisation of tapetum-specific cDNAs isolated from a Lilium henryi L. meiocyte subtractive cDNA library.

Differential screening of a meiocyte subtractive cDNA library from Lilium henryi L. has identified a group of 16 anther-specific partial cDNAs. Three of these sequences, LHM2, LHM6 and LHM7 have been further characterised. Hybridisation in situ with antisense riboprobes of LHM2, LHM6, and LHM7 gives a strong, clear signal which, contrary to expectations, is localised to the tapetal layer surrounding the meiocytes and not the meiocytes themselves. Developmental slot blots demonstrate that mRNAs corresponding to the three LHM cDNAs are transcribed from prophase of meiosis I to the uninucleate microspore stage, while Northern analysis reveals these tapetally expressed cDNAs to correspond with transcripts of some 500 bp. Although LHM2 is less abundant than LHM6 and LHM7, the pattern of developmental expression, and the size range of the transcripts suggests that all three cDNAs may be related. The deduced polypeptide products of LHM6 and LHM7 share 71% identity over a conserved region of 38 residues. Inverse polymerase chain reaction was used to obtain the full sequence for LHM7. Its deduced protein sequence has a signal peptide indicating it may be secreted; the cleaved protein has a molecular weight of 8.9 kDa. Furthermore, the LHM7 protein has significant levels of homology with tapetally expressed proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, Antirrhinum majus and Lycopersicon esculentum. All contain a highly conserved pattern of cysteine residues present in seed and non-specific lipid transfer proteins. The function of this gene product is discussed in the perspective of current models of another development.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

An element with long terminal repeats and its variant arrangements in the genome of Lilium henryi.

A 9.35 kbp element with long terminal direct repeats (LTRs) of 2.4 kbp has been characterized from the large genome of Lilium henryi. The organization of the element, named del, was examined in 20 fragments from a genomic DNA library constructed using phage EMBL3. Five fragments apparently contained full 9.35 kbp elements while in 11 del was recovered in part. Two clones carried tandem arrangements of del, with single LTRs and internal sequences alternating, and one insert contained a solo LTR. Evidence suggests that these arrangements, which can arise by unequal crossing over, have a genomic rather than a cloning origin. Finally, one cloned fragment had a complex del arrangement yet to be fully defined. Limited sequencing of five LTRs (from a full del, a tandem arrangement and a solo LTR) indicates that the consensus termini are 5'TGT...ACA3', with del sequences flanked by a 5 bp tandem repeat. Thus del shares properties with retrotransposons such as the copia family of Drosophila and Ty of yeast. However with more than 13,000 copies per genome it seems del has been amplified more than is usual for such elements.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

A monoclonal antibody to lateral element proteins in synaptonemal complexes of Lilium longiflorum.

To identify synaptonemal complex (SC) proteins in Lilium longiflorum (lily), monoclonal antibodies were generated using mice immunized with isolated pachytene nuclei. While most of the resulting monoclonal antibodies recognized nucleolar or chromatin proteins, one monoclonal antibody (anti-LE) was found that binds to lateral elements. Anti-LE bound more to lateral elements of SCs digested with DNase than to lateral elements that had not been digested with DNase. The opposite pattern of labeling was observed using monoclonal antibodies to lily chromatin and nucleolar proteins. These results indicate that anti-LE is specifically recognizing lateral element proteins and not chromatin or nucleolar proteins surrounding the lateral elements. On immunoblots, anti-LE binds to three pachytene nuclear proteins (Mr 60000, 66000 and 70000), two tetrad (early microspore) nuclear proteins (Mr 60000 and 70000), and two root tip nuclear proteins (Mr 52000 and 60000). However, anti-LE does not bind to proteins from leaf nuclei. Of these four tissues, leaf is the only one that does not have actively dividing cells. This observation suggests that at least some SC proteins are related to nuclear proteins from mitotically active cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Electrorotation of isolated generative and vegetative cells, and of intact pollen grains of Lilium longiflorum.

The dielectric structure of mature pollen of the angiosperm Lilium longiflorum was studied by means of single-cell electrorotation. The use of a microstructured four-electrode chamber allowed the measurements to be performed over a wide range of medium conductivity from 3 to 500 mS m-1. The rotation spectra of hydrated pollen grains exhibited at least three well-resolved peaks in the kHz-MHz frequency range, which obviously arise due to the multilayered structure of pollen grains. The three-shell model can explain the complex rotational behavior of pollen grains in terms of conductivities, permittivities and thicknesses of the following compartments: the exine and intine of the pollen grain wall as well as the membrane and cytoplasm of the vegetative cell. However, the number of unknown parameters (more than 8) was too large to allow unambiguous values to be assigned to any of them. Therefore, to facilitate the evaluation of the pollen grain parameters, additional rotational measurements were made on isolated vegetative and generative cells. The rotation spectra of these cells could be fitted very accurately on the basis of the single-shell model by assuming a dispersion of the cytoplasm. The data on the membrane and cytoplasmic properties of isolated vegetative cells were then used for modeling the rotation spectra of pollen grains. This greatly facilitated the fitting of the theoretical model to the experimental data and allowed the dielectric properties of the major structural units to be determined. The dielectric characterization of pollen is of enormous interest for plant biotechnology, where pollen and isolated germ cells are successfully used for production of transgenic crop and drug plants of economic importance by means of electromanipulation techniques.

Electric Conductivity↗
PubMed2000

Unusual core histones specifically expressed in male gametic cells of Lilium longiflorum.

We have cloned three novel histone genes using antibodies that recognize only nuclei of the male gametic (generative and sperm) cells of Lilium longiflorum. The deduced amino acid sequence of each clone shows only between 40% and 50% identity with the H2A, H2B and H3 somatic core histones of other plant species. Transcripts of these genes were first detected in bicellular pollen soon after microspore mitosis, and their mRNAs, as revealed by in situ hybridization, were observed only in the cytoplasm of the generative cells. As expression of these three genes was specific to generative cells within the bicellular pollen, we designated the clones gH2A, gH2B and gH3. Immunocytochemistry further revealed that the proteins encoded by these genes accumulated in the elongating and condensing generative nucleus during development of bicellular pollen, and were most abundant in the two sperm nuclei within an elongated pollen tube. We therefore propose that these male gamete-specific core histones contribute to chromatin condensation of male gametes or to chromatin remodeling, and result in the repression of gene expression in male gametes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

A kinematic analysis of gynoecial growth in Lilium longiflorum: surface growth patterns in all floral organs are triphasic.

Sequential marking experiments combined with histological and morphological examination indicate that growth of the gynoecium in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. (Easter lily) is triphasic. Phase I (gynoecia less than 10 mm in length) is characterized by spatial and temporal variation in local relative growth rate and mitotic index throughout the entire gynoecium. In Phase II (10-100 mm), a steady growth peak is restricted to the proximal 5 to 15 mm of the style, while the ovary shows uniform growth. In Phase III (100-135 mm), the ovary ceases growth and the maximal growth zone of the gynoecium migrates from the proximal to the distal end of the style. Comparison of surface growth patterns and differentiation events in the gynoecium to those previously described in the tepal and another demonstrates the triphasic nature of growth in the whole lily flower.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1994

Tissue specificity of mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase activity of Lilium longiflorum plant.

A large difference was found in the activities of oligomycin-sensitive mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase isolated from different tissues of Lilium longiflorum plants. The enzyme activity of F0F1-ATPase in pollen was the highest, while that in bulbs was the lowest. When ATPases were cross-reconstituted from F1-ATPases and F1-depleted submitochondrial particles (SMP), ATPases reconstituted from F1-depleted pollen SMP showed the higher activity regardless of the source of F1-ATPase. Fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in SMP were also different between bulbs and pollen. These suggest that the F0 portion and/or its environment are important for regulation of F0F1-ATPase activity in L. longiflorum plant.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗