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From poor farm to medical center: a century of library services to the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center.

As its centennial approaches, the history and development of library services to the patients and professional staff of the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center is traced from the early days when the library was housed in the cafeteria of the dispensary to its present position of being first point of access to library service for one of the largest teaching hospitals in the country. Its recent affiliation with the Norris Medical Library of the University of Southern California School of Medicine is explained. The change in emphasis from patients' library to health sciences library is illustrated, and the contribution of the library to the Cumulative Index to Nursing Literature is detailed.

California↗

Enhancing library services: an exploration in meeting customer needs through total quality management.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a process which focuses on understanding customer needs and improving customer service and satisfaction. A TQM committee was created at the Devereux Foundation's Professional Library to assess user satisfaction and make recommendations for improving library services to better meet consumer needs. The committee distributed a satisfaction survey to 156 of the most likely library users and 84 (54%) were returned. Overall, survey results indicate that most consumers are satisfied with the materials and services provided by the Professional Library. Recommendations for improving library services and strategies for implementing these recommendations are discussed.

Consumer Behavior↗

NHS Regional Librarians Group evidence to the Functions and Manpower Review 1993-94. Management of library services in the proposed new structure.

The mission of the library and information service is to ensure that the knowledge base of health care is available and accessible to all providers, purchasers and consumers, and to promote and encourage its effective use. Access should be free at the point of use. Library services should be a national and regional responsibility. The close association with Postgraduate and Continuing Medical and Dental Education should continue. Clear terms of reference for library and information services should guarantee access to these services for all National Health Service (NHS) staff. There should be greater emphasis on quality aspects of information. Information Management and Technology (IM & T) strategy should take full account of the needs of library and information services so that the NHS investment in information networks can be fully realized. Good practice in library and information services should be identified, promoted and disseminated. National Health Service Management Executive (NHS-ME) initiatives which affect the library services of the NHS should be co-ordinated. A working party of users and librarians, working within the Functions and Manpower Review implementation process, should define a structure for the management and provision of NHS library services which gives the most value for money.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗

Selection of library services by post-registration nursing, midwifery and health visiting students.

This paper describes a small-scale survey undertaken with 300 nurses, midwives and health visitors on post-registration courses and registered for the ENB Higher Award. The aim was threefold: first to examine reasons for electing to use particular libraries; second, the relationship between workplace, home, teaching site and choice of library services; and third, the use of library enquiry services. There was a 56% response rate to the postal questionnaire and results indicated that the key factor in selecting a library was availability of resources rather than convenience to home or workplace. The third largest group of respondents worked in community organizations with little or no on-site access to resources and were dependent on access to other libraries. Most who used the library for literature searching needed to seek help in spite of preliminary user education sessions. Similar levels of assistance were needed to locate journals and use the computerized book catalogue. The paper recommends explicit information on strategic entry points, necessity of a broad central collection, integration of information retrieval into post-registration courses, use of self-study packs, better trust/university liaison and recognition of the need for resource transfer from teaching to learning.

Allied Health Personnel↗

Integrating library services and continuing education.

This paper presents an innovative integration of library services and continuing education (CE). While print material is an important continuing education information source for physicians, its volume is overwhelming. Librarians have developed the use of a variety of methods, including online data bases such as MEDLINE, to simplify and expedite access to printed information. Combining a library information delivery system with formal continuing education course activities can enhance the educational potential of two popular learning methods.

Data Collection↗

Area health education centers and health science library services.

A study to determine the impact that the Area Health Education Center type of programs may have on health science libraries was conducted by the Extramural Programs, National Library of Medicine, in conjunction with a contract awarded by the Bureau of Health Manpower, Health Resources Administration, to develop an inventory of the AHEC type of projects in the United States. Specific study tasks included a review of these programs as they relate to library and information activities, on-site surveys on the programs to define their needs for library services and information, and a categorization of library activities. A major finding was that health science libraries and information services are generally not included in AHEC program planning and development, although information and information exchange is a fundamental part of the AHEC type of programs. This study suggests that library inadequacies are basically the result of this planning failure and of a lack of financial resources; however, many other factors may be contributory. The design and value of library activities for these programs needs explication.

Area Health Education Centers↗

Library services available to practicing physicians.

Resource libraries offer a variety of services to practicing physicians. Most provide information concerning computer technology, educational services and medical networking. The services differ from library to library. This presentation summarizes the needs expressed by practicing physicians for information other than that available in their offices.

Computer Systems↗

Continuing education and library services for physicians in office practice.

A program is described which incorporates library services into continuing medical education for physicians. The educational service is based on the actual needs of the physician rather than on his perceived needs. The needs assessment is accomplished by reviewing drug-prescribing habits. Current medical literature is then selected for the physician to coincide with his unique educational needs. The program is further designed to evaluate the change in the physician's drug-prescribing habits as a result of his study of the literature received.

Drug Prescriptions↗

The impact of the Northlands Regional Medical Program Library Services.

The most essential components of the former Northlands Regional Medical Program Library Services are reviewed. Their impact is assessed through interpretation of responses to a questionnaire sent to rural institutions that had borrowed one of the NRMP demonstration core libraries. Although the NRMP had thoroughly promoted the need for these institutions to provide information services beyond their own collection, many of them were not ready to support an alternative means of educating library personnel, and had not made use of the extension services provided through either the University of Minnesota Biomedical Library or the Mayo Medical Library. A gradual change was anticipated, however, and some general recommendations are made as an outcome of this study regarding the direction of further efforts towards medical library development in the non-metropolitan areas of Minnesota.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗

Hospital library service and the changes in national standards.

Two important sets of standards affecting hospital libraries were significantly revised in 1994, those of the Medical Library Association (MLA) and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO). As part of its continuing efforts to monitor library services within its region, the University of California, Los Angeles Biomedical Library, Regional Medical Library for the Pacific Southwest Region of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) conducted a survey in late 1994, in part to determine the effects of these revised standards on regional hospital libraries. Data from the survey were also used to provide a view of hospital libraries in the Pacific Southwest region, and to make comparisons with similar data collected in 1989. Results showed that while libraries remained stable in overall number, size, and staffing, services, especially those associated with end-user searching and interlibrary loan, increased enormously. With respect to the MLA standards, results show a high compliance level. Interesting differences were seen between the perceptions of library staff concerning their rate of compliance with the JCAHO standards and their actual compliance as measured by the MLA criteria. While some libraries appear to measure up better than their own perceptions would indicate, others may be fully aware of their actual compliance level.

Data Collection↗

Library service to dental practitioners.

Dental school libraries offer resources of value to dental practitioners, but do not always consider practitioners to be primary clientele. A survey was conducted among the sixty U.S. dental school libraries to examine policies and attitudes toward service to practitioners. Although library use by dentists is estimated to be low, most libraries are willing to serve them as long as it does not reduce the libraries' ability to assist students and faculty. Of the respondents, 57% replied that they do not use promotional methods to inform dentists of available services. Greater involvement in marketing activities may benefit both libraries and dentists.

Dentists↗

The Health Sciences and Human Services Library: "this is one sweet library".

The opening of the Health Sciences and Human Services Library at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, in April, 1998, was a highly anticipated event. With its unique architecture and stunning interior features, it is a signature building for the university in downtown Baltimore. The building is equipped with state-of-the-art technology, but has a warm, inviting atmosphere making it a focal point for the campus community. Its highly functional, flexible design will serve the staff and users well into the twenty-first century.

Baltimore↗

Improving library services for nurses.

Developments in pre- and post-registration nurse education mean greater demands on library resources. This article describes a survey undertaken to elicit nurses' views on the provision of library services, and includes their suggestions for improving those services. The author suggests the demands nurses make on existing resources will, in part, shape the future of nursing libraries.

Education, Nursing↗

The Medical Library Service of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia.

A unique provincial medical library service has been established in British Columbia. Under the direction of professional librarians, the central library in Vancouver is building an extensive, largely clinical collection while 30 smaller branch libraries in hospitals throughout the province are establishing basic, up-to-date collections. Financial support comes from an annual fee of $25.00 per doctor paid to the College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia. Photoduplication, mail and telephone services meet many reference needs. Reading is vital to continuing medical education. The library works closely with the University of British Columbia's Department of Continuing Medical Education to bring current medical knowledge to every doctor in British Columbia.

British Columbia↗