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PubMed1983

The library and its home computer: automation as if people mattered.

To provide its users with quick and easy access to the library resources, the Muriel and Philip Berman National Medical Library, Jerusalem, between 1978 and 1982 developed an integrated library system (MAIMON) on a minicomputer. Because humans are the most important element of the library system, MAIMON's performance was evaluated in terms of benefits provided to patrons, library management, and library staff. After successfully adopting the system, users' needs and expectations have grown. How the existing system will be used and expanded to meet the new information demands at the library is discussed.

Computers↗
PubMed1993

Screening yeast artificial chromosome libraries with robot-aided automation.

Screening of collections of yeast artificial chromosomes utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) requires large numbers of reactions in parallel. Four steps were implemented to reduce the labor involved: (a) The number of initial samples for DNA extractions was decreased by compressing libraries up to 12-fold. (b) DNA extraction from yeast clones was robot assisted. (c) A BIOMEK 1000 station was adapted to pipette samples for PCR assays. (d) Sample preparation was integrated with a temperature cycler constructed to carry out up to 576 reactions in six 8 x 12-well trays. The implementation of these steps increases the number of reactions per person per day by an order of magnitude. In tests with X-chromosome-specific probes, the robot-aided screening recovered all of the clones detected by slower manual methods.

Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast↗
PubMed1993

Use of reference libraries and hybridisation fingerprinting for relational genome analysis.

The concept of relational genome analysis by hybridisation has been developed into a working system. Various genomic and cDNA libraries have been generated and are distributed via a reference system. Analysis procedures have been tested successfully in the mapping of the entire Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome. In another test-case for their refinement, analyses on the Drosophila genome are well under way. Human and mouse libraries are being studied on all levels, from generating YAC maps to partially sequencing representative cDNA libraries. The automation of the involved processes and the development of improved image detection and analysis are well advanced.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Identification of tryptophan and tyrosine residues in peptides separated by capillary electrophoresis by their second-derivative spectra using diode-array detection.

The use of diode-array detection allows the non-destructive identification of tryptophan and tyrosine residues in complex peptide mixtures separated by capillary electrophoresis. Second-order derivative spectra of both amino acids show significant differences while zero-order spectra are overlapping to a great extent. A mixture of peptides containing tryptophan and/or tyrosine residues was used to evaluate this method. Tryptic peptide maps of carbonic anhydrase and of the bacterial chaperonin protein GroEL, and of an autodigest of trypsin were characterized for tryptophan- and tyrosine-containing peptides. Automated spectra library search was performed successfully.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

The organization of the digital library.

As digital information proliferates and the difficulties of managing it threaten to overwhelm traditional publication and information delivery processes, new visions of a digital library are forming. Exactly what a digital library is and how it is to be organized have not yet been determined, and bibliographic organization of digital information has not been sufficiently addressed. Bibliography is the systematic description or classification of writings or publications considered as material objects. In today's digital world, such material objects may no longer be relevant, but the need for systematic description remains. The important issue is not whether digital bibliography is needed but, instead, whether or not existing bibliographic techniques are appropriate for this new media. A second issue is the location of the responsibility for a new digital bibliography. Does it rest with medical informaticians, often the producers of this new digital information, or with librarians, traditionally the classifiers of information? Developments in both medical informatics and medical librarianship indicate a need for greater collaboration between these specialties in order to achieve their common purpose--the creation, classification, and dissemination of scholarly information.

Bibliography of Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Virtual shelves in a digital library: a framework for access to networked information sources.

OBJECTIVE: Develop a framework for collections-based access to networked information sources that addresses the problem of location-dependent access to information sources. DESIGN: This framework uses a metaphor of a virtual shelf. A virtual shelf is a general-purpose server that is dedicated to a particular information subject class. The identifier of one of these servers identifies its subject class. Location-independent call numbers are assigned to information sources. Call numbers are based on standard vocabulary codes. The call numbers are first mapped to the location-independent identifiers of virtual shelves. When access to an information resource is required, a location directory provides a second mapping of these location-independent server identifiers to actual network locations. RESULTS: The framework has been implemented in two different systems. One system is based on the Open System Foundation/Distributed Computing Environment and the other is based on the World Wide Web. CONCLUSIONS: This framework applies in new ways traditional methods of library classification and cataloging. It is compatible with two traditional styles of selecting information searching and browsing. Traditional methods may be combined with new paradigms of information searching that will be able to take advantage of the special properties of digital information. Cooperation between the library-informational science community and the informatics community can provide a means for a continuing application of the knowledge and techniques of library science to the new problems of networked information sources.

Catalogs, Library↗
PubMed1995

From brick face to cyberspace.

This paper will discuss the library as a place, looking at the history of the library as a building or part of a building. It will briefly trace the development of health sciences libraries, enumerate standard sources for planning libraries, and consider whether or not the library as a place has a future.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1995

Ergonomics in the electronic library.

New technologies are changing the face of information services and how those services are delivered. Libraries spend a great deal of time planning the hardware and software implementations of electronic information services, but the human factors are often overlooked. Computers and electronic tools have changed the nature of many librarians' daily work, creating new problems, including stress, fatigue, and cumulative trauma disorders. Ergonomic issues need to be considered when designing or redesigning facilities for electronic resources and services. Libraries can prevent some of the common problems that appear in the digital workplace by paying attention to basic ergonomic issues when designing workstations and work areas. Proper monitor placement, lighting, workstation setup, and seating prevent many of the common occupational problems associated with computers. Staff training will further reduce the likelihood of ergonomic problems in the electronic workplace.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed1995

Building a digital library for the health sciences: information space complementing information place.

In 1990, the University of California, San Francisco, dedicated a new library to serve the faculty, staff, and students and to meet their academic information needs for several decades to come. Major environmental changes present new and additional information management challenges, which can effectively be handled only through the widespread use of computing and computing technologies. Over the next five years, a three-pronged strategy will be followed. We are refining the current physical, paper-based library through the continuous application of technology for modernization and functional improvement. At the same time, we have begun the planning, design, and implementation of a "free-standing" Digital Library of the Health Sciences, focusing on the innovative application of technology. To ensure complementarity and product integrity where the two libraries interface, we will look to technology to transform these separate entities into an eventual, integral whole.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

An architect's perspective on contemporary academic library design.

The making of space and place (architecture) requires cultural and financial consent as to societal value. Standards and values about the academic library of the immediate future are not always shared by librarians and architects; however, architects and librarians do possess several shared perceptions. Among these shared perceptions are that print collections will remain a primary function of libraries for the foreseeable future, flexibility in shelving arrangements are essential, adjacencies must be fluid, floor-to-floor heights should be generous, compact shelving has become commonplace, print and electronic media must coexist, and technology has not reduced library space requirements. Experience reinforces the continuing and increasing significance of the library on college and university campuses.

Architecture↗
PubMed1994

Navigating the Internet.

Navigating any complex set of information resources requires tools for both browsing and searching. A number of tools are available today for using Internet resources, and more are being developed. This article reviews existing navigational tools, including two developed at the Yale University School of Medicine, and points out their strengths and weaknesses. A major shortcoming of the present Internet navigation methods is the lack of controlled descriptions of the available resources. As a result, navigating the Internet is very difficult.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1993

Recent health sciences library building projects.

The Medical Library Association's third annual survey of recent health sciences library building projects identified fourteen libraries planning, expanding, or constructing new library facilities. Three of five new library buildings are freestanding structures where the library occupies all or a major portion of the space. The two other new facilities are for separately administered units where the library is a major tenant. Nine projects involve additions to or renovations of existing space. Six projects are in projected, predesign, or design stages or are awaiting funding approval. This paper describes four projects that illustrate technology's growing effect on librarians and libraries. They are designed to accommodate change, a plethora of electronic gear, and easy use of technology. Outwardly, they do not look much different than many other modern buildings. But, inside, the changes have been dramatic although they have evolved slowly as the building structure has been adapted to new conditions.

Architecture↗
PubMed1993

The Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center Library management information system.

A management information system (MIS) provides a means for collecting, reporting, and analyzing data from all segments of an organization. Such systems are common in business but rare in libraries. The Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library developed an MIS that operates on a system of networked IBM PCs and Paradox, a commercial database software package. The data collected in the system include monthly reports, client profile information, and data collected at the time of service requests. The MIS assists with enforcement of library policies, ensures that correct information is recorded, and provides reports for library managers. It also can be used to help answer a variety of ad hoc questions. Future plans call for the development of an MIS that could be adapted to other libraries' needs, and a decision-support interface that would facilitate access to the data contained in the MIS databases.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1993

Rural GRATEFUL MED outreach: project results, impact, and future needs.

The Library of the Health Sciences-Peoria (LHS-Peoria), located at a regional site of the University of Illinois College of Medicine, conducted an eighteen-month GRATEFUL MED outreach project funded by the National Library of Medicine. The project was designed to enhance information services for health professionals at eight underserved rural hospitals in west central Illinois. One hundred rural health professionals, mainly nonphysicians, received GRATEFUL MED training at these hospitals; LHS delivered more than 350 documents to the trainees. In this paper, investigators describe the project and its goals and discuss results and their evaluation, from both individual and institutional perspectives. Outcome is examined in the context of future outreach plans, both at LHS and elsewhere.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1970

The design of the automated serials accession system at the Library of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York.

This paper describes the development of the Automated Serials Accession System. It demonstrates the logic used in the design of the mechanized system and how the problems encountered were handled. The areas of cooperation with the Medical Library Center of New York and the types of programs needed to run the system are explained.

Electronic Data Processing↗