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PubMed1979

Speech and language testing with distinct ethnic-racial groups: a survey of procedures for improving validity.

Several procedures are being used currently to improve the validity of speech and language evaluation for ethnic or racial groups from lower-income populations. Procedures mentioned in this article include: (1) developing a new test, (2) modifying test items or keyed responses on existing tests, and (3) developing new norms for existing tests. Examples are given for each procedure, and advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1998

Grammatical choice and affective experience in a second-language test.

This study measured the affective experience of 12 subjects reading grammatically correct and incorrect versions of 50 sentences, Questionnaire I, in their second language (French). This was followed by a multiple choice grammar test, Questionnaire II, using the same 50 sentences and offering the correct and incorrect answers. Subjects tended to choose correct as well as incorrect responses corresponding to their highest affective rating within each entry. In all cases the subjects' behavior was higher than chance level and thus followed a trend to maximize pleasure. This result supports the hypothesis according to which the key to decision-making lies in the affective dimension of conscious experience.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Language tests for the examination of nasal resonance].

A set of 7 word tests with different number of nasal phonemes was prepared. These tests are adjusted to technical possibilities of nasal resonance examination by means of own construction apparatus. The VII-th test consisting only oral speech sounds appeared to be most important for estimating physiological nasal resonance characteristic for the Polish language and gave individual timbre of the voice. For Polish language these resonance rate is 15.2%. It is useful as reference data to evaluate patients with pathological nasal resonance. The VII-th test together with the V-th one which contain 6.3% of nasal consonants, and the VI-th with 33.3% of them were used for detailed evaluation of nasal resonance.

Child↗
PubMed2002

[Language tests in electroglottography].

An Electroglottograph (Fourcin Laryngograph Processor) was used to determine, whether there was a significant difference in degree of Irregularity in vocal fold vibration (% Irregularity) or Contact Quotient (Qx) in the vocal fold vibratory cycle (Lx) between different phonatory tasks and between men and women. The most recent software package, 'Speech Studio', was used to analyse the data. The subjects were 24 healthy subjects, 16 females and 8 males, aged from 22 to 71. The tasks consisted of sustained vowels: a, o, u, short words: Ala, Ola, Ula and a short phrase in Polish, spoken at comfortable pitch and volume. The average age of females and males did not differ significantly on t-testing. The results showed there were no statistically significant differences between mean values of Qx between phonatory tasks on ANOVA testing. However, the differences between mean values of % Irregularity were significantly different between tasks. The % Irregularity obtained for the phrase, was significantly different from the values obtained for the sustained vowels and single words. The values for the latter two did not differ significantly. The difference between male and female Qx and % Irregularity values were not significant on t-testing except for % Irregularity for the word 'Ola', which was greater in men. Our findings show that for calculation of Qx either sustained vowel phonation, single words or phrases may be used. % Irregularity of vocal fold vibration is however task dependent.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Performance of American Indian children with fetal alcohol syndrome on the test of language development.

Alcohol is a teratogen known to have deleterious effects on the developing embryo and fetus. Language deficits secondary to central nervous system dysfunction are among the sequelae of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Limited information is available regarding the language deficits associated with FAS, particularly among the population of American Indians in whom FAS is highly prevalent. The TOLD-P and TOLD-I were administered to 27 American Indian children: 10 with FAS and 17 normally developing control subjects. Pure-tone screening, immittance measurement, and vision screening preceded language testing. The older FAS children presented syntactic deficits while the younger FAS subjects presented more global language deficits.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Word recognition and confrontation naming in early diagnosis of dementia].

Since early identification of dementia is very important, a simple inexpensive examination for its diagnosis is needed. A naming and recognition test was formulated for: examining factors affecting naming performance, comparing naming and recognition performance, and sampling spontaneous speech. The results were compared with those of the mini-mental test. Subjects were 7 men and 14 women (mean age 80 +/- 4.7) in the early stages of dementia, living in a senior citizen's home. The short mini-mental test differentiated between the groups, as did the newly formulated test. Language tests were shown to be of value in the accurate detection of dementia in its early stages.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Value of the Heidelberg Language Development Test in diagnosis of children with language development disorders].

Diagnosis of developmental speech and language disorders in accordance with the ICD-10 is to be based on the psychometric assessment of speech and language performance. In the present study the clinical validity of the Heidelberger Sprachentwicklungstest (HSET) for diagnosing expressive language disorders was assessed by comparing HSET subtest results for 92 children aged 4 to 10 years who had various speech and language disorders with the children's scores on another language test, a cognitive test and clinical findings. The HSET scores differed considerably from the clinical ratings of the severity of the language disturbance. The correlations between the HSET scores and the score on the other language test was also low. Although the correlations of the HSET scores with the performance IQ was low, the correlations with the verbal IQ were high. The implications of these findings for the use of the HSET in diagnosing children with language impairments are discussed.

Child↗