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Results for “Laboratory Procedures--indications”

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39 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

The influence of diabetes mellitus on the practice and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in the community: a report from the HCA database.

BACKGROUND: Diabetics remain a high-risk group for those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using balloon angioplasty and/or intracoronary stents for myocardial revascularization. The objective of this study is to compare clinical characteristics, demographics, procedure indications, lesion characteristics, and acute and long-term outcomes between diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients in a community based PCI registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: Information on patient demographics, coronary risk factors, lesion characteristics, procedures, and outcomes were derived from an HCA, Inc. database on all patients undergoing a PCI procedure in one of four community cardiac catheterization laboratories (CCL). A total of 3,139 patients who underwent PCI procedures from July 1, 1999 through September 30, 2000 were enrolled in this study. Approximately one-third of these patients completed a follow-up survey one year after their initial encounter. Analysis was limited to those patients undergoing PCI of native vessels with stents or conventional balloon angioplasty; patients with target lesions in bypass grafts or those treated with atherectomy were excluded. Approximately 23.5% of the patients enrolled in the study were diabetic. This study found no significant difference in any acute outcome between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in the hospital episode associated with the index PCI procedure. However, data from the 1-year follow-up survey indicates diabetic patients tended to have more target lesion revascularization (TLR) (13.6% versus 8.9%; p = 0.07) and more target vessel revascularization (TVR) (17.6% versus 12.7%; p = 0.058) than non-diabetic patients. In addition, adjusted odds ratios indicate that diabetic patients were 1.6 times more likely to have a second PCI procedure in another vessel (p = 0.013), 2.4 times more likely to undergo bypass surgery (p = 0.003), 1.9 times more likely to undergo an additional revascularization procedure (p < 0.001) and 1.8 times more likely to experience any major adverse cardiac events (p < 0.001) than non-diabetic patients during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that selected diabetic patients can be treated for myocardial revascularization using PCI procedures with acceptable acute outcomes. However, diabetic patients undergoing PCIs have significantly more disease progression and are more likely to experience the need for recurrent revascularization.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Anatomy of a defective barrier: sequential glove leak detection in a surgical and dental environment.

OBJECTIVES: a) To determine the frequency of perforations in latex surgical gloves before, during, and after surgical and dental procedures; b) to evaluate the topographical distribution of perforations in latex surgical gloves after surgical and dental procedures; and c) to validate methods of testing for latex surgical glove patency. DESIGN: Multitrial tests under in vitro conditions and a prospective sequential patient study using consecutive testing. SETTING: An outpatient dental clinic at a university dental school, the operating suite in a medical school affiliated with the Veteran's Hospital, and a biomechanics laboratory. PERSONNEL: Surgeons, scrub nurses, and dental technicians participating in 50 surgical and 50 dental procedures. METHODS: We collected 679 latex surgical gloves after surgical procedures and tested them for patency by using a water pressure test. We also employed an electronic glove leak detector before donning, after sequential time intervals, and upon termination of 47 surgical (sequential surgical), 50 dental (sequential dental), and in three orthopedic cases where double gloving was used. The electronic glove leak detector was validated by using electronic point-by-point surface probing, fluorescein dye diffusion, as well as detecting glove punctures made with a 27-gauge needle. RESULTS: The random study indicated a leak rate of 33.0% (224 out of 679) in latex surgical gloves; the sequential surgical study demonstrated patency in 203 out of 347 gloves (58.5%); the sequential dental study showed 34 leaks in the 106 gloves used (32.1%); and with double gloving, the leak rate decreased to 25.0% (13 of 52 gloves tested). While the allowable FDA defect rate for unused latex surgical gloves is 1.5%, we noted defect rates in unused gloves of 5.5% in the sequential surgical, 1.9% in the sequential dental, and 4.0% in our electronic glove leak detector validating study. In the sequential surgical study, 52% of the leaks had occurred by 75 mins, and in the sequential dental study, 75% of the leaks developed by 30 mins. In terms of the anatomical localization, the thumb and forefinger accounted for more than 60% of the defects. There were no differences in the frequency of glove leaks between the left and right hand. Leak rates were highest for the surgeon (52%), followed by the first assistant (29%) and the scrub nurse (25%). No false negatives were noted using the electronic glove leak detector; one false positive was seen out of 225 gloves tested (0.44%), as noted in our validation studies. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly high glove leak rates were noted after surgical and dental procedures, indicating that the present day latex surgical gloves can become an incompetent barrier once they are used. Unused latex surgical gloves demonstrated a higher rate of defects than allowed by the Food and Drug Administration standards, indicating substantial noncompliance of quality control standards by manufacturers as well as inadequate governmental oversight. Double gloving, or the use of thicker latex surgical gloves, would probably reduce the frequency of glove leaks. Latex surgical gloves should be tested for patency before use and during surgical and dental procedures.

Dentistry↗
PubMed1975

An objective method for evaluating Angus and Hereford sperm motility.

Angus and Hereford sperm motility was evaluated by an objective spectrophotometric procedure and by a conventional subjective ranking system. Semen was collected by electroejaculation and divided so that one group contained 6 Angus samples and one group contained 12 Hereford samples. Objective procedures indicated that Angus sperm was twice motile as Hereford sperm in 2.9% sodium citrate. This objective procedure depends on the orientation of sperm in a flowing liquid and then spectrophotometrically measuring the sperm's ability to return to randomness when the flow is stopped. During preparation for freezing with liquid nitrogen, microscopic subjective ranking of sperm motility was carried out. Three conditions were studied subjectively: (I) arrival at the laboratory, (II) pre-freeze, and (III) thawed samples. No significant differences in subjective evaluation of sperm motility was found between conditions or breeds. Preliminary results indicate that this objective procedure can distinguish between the sperm motility in 2.9% sodium citrate from two breeds of cattle. Use of this objective procedure for studies relating to fertilization and artificial insemination is evident and there is no theoretical reason why the procedure can not be used with other species.

Animals↗