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PubMed1992

Labor migration in Europe: experiences from Germany after unification.

"This paper examines the effects of diverging economic conditions on labor migration within reunified Germany. We employ a life-cycle model with consumers' sovereignty regarding choice of location to derive estimates of labor migration in future periods. Heterogeneity of individuals is explicitly taken into account by adopting a random utility approach.... Within limits, our predictions can serve as rough indicators of potential future migration between Eastern and Western Europe."

Demography↗
PubMed1993

Defense spending and interregional labor migration.

The impact of defense-related industry on labor migration within the United States is analyzed using census data for the period 1975-1980. The results "suggest that workers follow jobs in the defense industry, rather than vice versa, and indicate that a process of defense-related regional labor pool formation, amplified by interstate migration, adds to the volume of interregional labor flows."

Americas↗
PubMed1993

The delayed transition from folk to labor migration: the Netherlands, 1880-1920.

"This article analyzes Netherlands government statistics on overseas emigration, 1880-1920, which reveal that the process of industrialization caused a major social structural shift in the 1890s. A system of urban labor migration replaced the traditional rural folk movement and the primary destination shifted away from the United States to Dutch colonies in Asia and South America. The Netherlands belatedly 'caught up' with the rest of Western Europe in the shift from family to industrial overseas emigrants."

Demography↗
PubMed1985

International labor migration in the Middle East: a review of literature and research, 1974-84.

"This article reviews the main trends in the literature and research on international labor migration in the Middle East over the period 1974-84. This literature, which is characterized as descriptive and judgemental, falls into three broad categories: first, international and national overviews of migration trends, remittance flows and their macro-economic impact; second, descriptions of government policies designed to organize and regulate labor migration; third, at the community and household scale, comparative studies of migrant and non-migrant behavior in labor-sending countries."

Africa↗
PubMed1981

The impact of labor migration on the Jordanian economy.

"This article considers the effects of labor migration on the economy of the East Bank of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The article is presented in two sections. The first attempts to quantify the external migrant flows which impinge on the Jordanian labor market. The second section presents a theoretical model of the macroeconomic impact on output and employment of flows of migrants and migrants' remittances and an empirical analysis of the effects on the agricultural and construction sectors."

Asia↗
PubMed1992

Labor migration amongst hierarchically competing and intervening origins and destinations.

"A spatial interaction methodology is developed for modeling flows in a hierarchical system. A competing and intervening destinations framework is employed to model and predict U.S. state-to-state labor migration. This analysis is used to assess the importance of geographic variables in explaining variations in regional labor flows. Empirical findings suggest that U.S. labor migration is largely explained by...size, distance, locational accessibility, and intervening opportunities in a spatial hierarchy. It is also suggested that lagged migration or migrant stock is a product of the combined effect of these forces."

Americas↗
PubMed1985

Interregional labor migration and information flows.

A model of interregional labor migration is developed that incorporates a complex system of information concerning migration and employment opportunities, as well as a heterogeneous population in which groups of workers differ in their assumed levels of skill, attitudes toward risk, and willingness to move. "Three channels are examined: interpersonal communication, general source information, and specific source information targeted at unemployed workers. In this process, trajectories of welfare levels (composed of wage plus nonwage benefits), information flows, vacancy and unemployment levels are generated for different worker and job types, regional aggregates, and the system as a whole. The behavior of the model is examined by means of numerical simulations and sensitivity analyses."

Communication↗
PubMed1998

Kinship networks and child fostering in labor migration from Ilocos, Philippines to Italy.

"This paper is an attempt to analyze the process of contemporary overseas labor migration from a village in the Ilocos region in the Philippines to Italy. As such, it will seek to outline the basic characteristics of the process of migration and examine them in relation to the local social structure. It will demonstrate how the Ilocanos responded to new opportunities of migration by manipulating existing social relations. Particular attention will be given to the process of constructing kinship networks among the migrants and the practice of fosterage in the homeland community, both of which are considered as adaptive processes to the new migration opportunity."

Asia↗
PubMed1986

The causes of international labor migrations--a demand-determined approach.

The author first studies the reasons why people migrate using a neoclassical approach concerning income differentials. He tests this approach empirically and demonstrates its limits. A demand-determination approach based on human capital theory is then outlined to overcome these limits and to take into account restrictive immigration controls. Migration from Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal, and Turkey to the European Community destination countries is examined. It is concluded that "the demand for immigrants in the destination country is the decisive condition for the phenomenon of international labor migration, and the supply of migration-willing workers is only a necessary condition."

Asia↗
PubMed1994

Turning points in labor migration: the case of Hong Kong.

"The Hong Kong experience of emigration and immigration does not fit neatly into models of migration transition. As a city-state with a small rural population, it has exhibited different developmental characteristics from the larger Asian newly industrialized economies. Geopolitical factors have also played a key role in 'patterns' of migration, such as restrictive immigration policies in receiving countries. Also significant are individual considerations of political and economic risk, as evidenced by the current rise in the emigration of skilled and professional workers prior to the return of Hong Kong to China. The author concludes that, rather than a simple turning point in labor migration, there may be multiple turning points in a complex sequence of change."

Asia↗
PubMed1998

Labor migration during the first phase of basque industrialization: the labor market and family motivations.

"This article analyzes the migration strategies of those social groups making up the labor supply during the first phase of industrialization in the Basque Country (1877-1910), which was one of the most industrialized regions of the northern part of Spain. Migration is estimated by sex, marital status, and origin and interpreted within the context of family decision-making. The article also deals with the expectations among potential migrants by the areas of destination. The study of the labor market, from the standpoint of job specialization, will enable us to know more about the profile of a typical migrant, and the family as a protagonist in migratory flows."

Behavior↗
PubMed1986

The effect of immigration quotas on the average quality of migrating labor and income distribution.

In this paper, the authors develop "a simple two-country, single-period model to study the effect of quota restrictions on the composition of migrating labor. [They] have divided the migrant population in two general categories called high skilled and low skilled and have shown that free migration of any category of labor occurs if and only if the country's share of world resources is different from its share of the world labor endowment in that category." Two possible outcomes, given differing labor endowments and income differentials, are considered. The potential effect of illegal immigration is also noted. The authors conclude that their model "is applicable not only to 'brain drain' problems, but also to guest worker programs and/or the mass migration of low skilled workers from poor countries to rich countries."

Demography↗
PubMed1993

[From cultural to labor migration: toward integration of third-world migrants in the Umbrian labor market].

The author describes "recent changes taking place in immigrant communities in [Umbria,] Italy.... After highlighting the main characteristics of the foreign presence in Umbria, the article looks at its modes of economic integration in the regional labor market. Results seem to indicate that there is a gradual strengthening of the occupational position of immigrants, not matched by their level of social integration." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1982

Farm labor migrations in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia.

"This study is concerned with determinants and macroforces in rural-rural migrations that relate to areal differentiation and temporal patterns. Patterns and causes of farm labor migrations from the Ethiopian highlands and some lowland districts to the Awash Valley irrigation schemes are traced, the results of revised economic policies."

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Urban aspects of labor migration: the situation in the countries of origin].

"A bibliographical review serves to analyze the role of urban growth in patterns of international labor-force migration, as well as the effect of this migration on the development of the countries of origin, especially on their cities. While the review confirms the general idea that international migrants are either peasants or highly qualified personnel, it also shows that qualified workers are increasingly involved in international labor movements and that a great part of them come from large cities. It is to be expected that in these circumstances large cities of the countries of origin will become more integrated to international migratory systems." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed1998

Diverging patterns with endogenous labor migration.

"The standard neoclassical model cannot explain persistent migration flows and lack of cross-country convergence when capital and labor are mobile. Here we present a model where both phenomena may take place.... Our model is based on the Arrow-Romer approach to endogenous growth theory. We single out the importance of a (however weak) scale effect from the size of the workforce.... The main conclusion of this simple model is that lack of convergence, or even divergence, among countries is possible, even with perfect capital mobility and labor mobility."

Demography↗