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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Ultrastructure of the articular cartilage and synovium in the early stages of degenerative joint disease in canine hip joints.

A combined light and electron microscopic study recorded the developing degenerative changes in the hip joints of dogs with spontaneous joint disease. Synovium from joints with normal articular cartilage contained 33% type A and 64% type B cells. The 1st evidence of articular cartilage degeneration was loss of the surface amorphous layer and disruption of collagen fibrils. In the face of the earliest focal cartilage defects, the number of type A cells decreased (P less than 0.01) and remained low. Necrotic synoviocytes and synoviocytes of uncertain type increased as articular cartilage lesions progressed. The earliest pathologic changes in the synovium and the articular cartilage surface were evident only on ultrastructural examination.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Osteocalcin in canine joint diseases.

Markers of joint disease are much sought after in human and veterinary rheumatology. This study investigated the relationship between markers of bone and cartilage turnover in sera and synovial fluids in naturally occurring canine joint diseases. Osteocalcin (OC) was measured by radioimmunoassay; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure keratan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate, hyaluronan and antibodies to collagen I and II. Dimethylmethylene blue binding assay was used for the estimation of sulphated glycosaminoglycans. Compared to normal dogs significantly higher serum OC was seen in dogs with osteoarthritis (P < 0.005), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (P < 0.01) and rupture/stretching of cranial cruciate ligament (P < 0.02). Reduced OC was found in RA synovial fluids but this finding is probably of little value as there was too much overlap with normal joint data. Apart from a weak correlation between synovial fluid OC and keratan sulphate, there were generally no correlations between markers of bone and cartilage turnover probably reflecting the lack of any relationship between bone and cartilage metabolism in most canine arthropathies.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1995

Pathogenesis of degenerative joint disease in the human temporomandibular joint.

The wide range of disease prevalences reported in epidemiological studies of temporomandibular degenerative joint disease reflects the fact that diagnoses are frequently guided by the presence or absence of non-specific signs and symptoms. Treatment is aimed at alleviating the disease symptoms rather than being guided by an understanding of the underlying disease processes. Much of our current understanding of disease processes in the temporomandibular joint is based on the study of other articular joints. Although it is likely that the molecular basis of pathogenesis is similar to that of other joints, additional study of the temporomandibular joint is required due to its unique structure and function. This review summarizes the unique structural and molecular features of the temporomandibular joint and the epidemiology of degenerative temporomandibular joint disease. As is discussed in this review, recent research has provided a better understanding of the molecular basis of degenerative joint disease processes, including insights into: the regulation of cytokine expression and activation, arachidonic acid metabolism, neural contributions to inflammation, mechanisms of extracellular matrix degradation, modulation of cell adhesion in inflammatory states, and the roles of free radicals and heat shock proteins in degenerative joint disease. Finally, the multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in disease initiation and progression, along with factors that may modify the adaptive capacity of the joint, are presented as the basis for the rational design of new and more effective therapy.

Arachidonic Acids↗
PubMed2000

Radiographic and clinical survey of degenerative joint disease in the distal tarsal joints in Icelandic horses.

The prevalence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the distal tarsal joints and the relation between radiographic and clinical signs compatible with the disease were estimated in a population of Icelandic horses used for riding. The material consisted of 614 horses age 6-12 years (mean age = 7.9 years). Radiographs with 3 projections of each tarsus were made and a clinical examination, including palpation of the medial aspect of the distal tarsus and motion evaluation of the hindlimbs before and after a flexion test of the tarsus, was performed. Radiographic signs of DJD in the distal tarsal joints were found in 30.3% of the horses and the prevalence was strongly correlated with age. Hindlimb lameness before and after flexion test and palpation abnormalities were significantly associated with the radiographic findings. The lameness was usually mild and, in most cases, detectable only after the flexion test. The prevalence of lameness was not significantly correlated with age. Lameness could not be predicted by details of the radiographic findings.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

[Development of disease burden score concerning bone and joint diseases: comparison between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis].

OBJECTIVES: To develop disease burden score concerning bone and joint diseases by evaluating the burdens of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) based on two quantitative measures of quality of life (QOL). METHODS: In a questionnaire, the qualified doctors of Japan Rheumatism Foundation were asked to evaluate patients' QOL, including 6 items of physical functions, 7 items of daily living activities and 3 items of social activities, for three severity levels defined by treatment status. The burdens of RA and OA were determined based on two quantitative measures of QOL, that is, 'principal component score' and '0-0.5-1 score'. RESULTS: In the two-way ANOVA of severity level and doctor's specialism, two quantitative measures of QOL showed significant differences by severity level, having approximately the same F-statistics each other. The burden of RA was 1.4-times (for 'principal component score') and 1.6-times (for '0-0.5-1 score') as great as that of OA. The differences in burden between RA and OA were observed especially in daily living activities and social activities. CONCLUSIONS: Our methodology may be applicable to examining differences in burden between bone and joint diseases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic effects of pulsed magnetic fields on joint diseases.

The present paper describes the effects of pulsed magnetic fields (MF) on diseases of different joints, in chronic as well as acute conditions where the presence of a phlogistic process is the rule. Optimal parameters for MF applications were sought at the beginning of the study and then applied for 11 years; a technical modification in the MF generator was introduced 5 years ago to satisfy the requirement of a hypothesis advanced to understand the mechanism of MF treatment. 3,014 patients were treated by means of MF at extremely low frequencies and intensities. Patient follow-up was pursued as constantly as possible. Pain removal, recovery of joint mobility and maintenance of the improved conditions represented the parameters for judging the results as good or poor. The chi-square test was applied in order to evaluate the probability that the results are not casual. A general average value of 78.8% of good results and 21.2% of poor results was obtained. Higher (82%) percentages of good results were observed when single joint diseases were considered with respect to multiple joint diseases (polyarthrosis); in the latter, the percentage of good results was definitely lower (66%). The high percentage of good results obtained and the absolute absence of both negative results and undesired side-effects, together with the therapeutic advantage due to a technical modification in the MF generator, led to the conclusion that magnetic field treatment is an excellent physical therapy in cases of joint diseases. A hypothesis is advanced that external magnetic fields influence transmembrane ionic activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease in children. Relationship of joint disease to activity and severity of bowel lesion.

The records of 102 children with inflammatory bowel disease (44 with ulcerative colitis, 58 with Crohn's disease) were reviewed for evidence of joint disease unassociated with erythema nodosum. Thirteen children had arthritis, four had ulcerative colitis, and nine had Crohn's disease. Arthritis tended to be pauciarticular; ankles, knees, elbows and hips were most commonly affected. In three patients arthritis preceded bowel symptoms, in two the onset of arthritis and bowel disease was concurrent, and in eight arthritis appeared after the onset of bowel symptoms. The relationship between arthritis and specific features reflecting activity and severity of the bowel disease was examined in detail. Twenty-one attacks of arthritis, ranging in duration from two days to 12 weeks (mean, 31 days) were documented. Thirteen attacks occurred when the bowel disease was symptomatic; nine occurred within one month of a flare of the bowel disease. Most exacerbations of bowel disease in patients who had arthritis were unaccompanied by joint complaints. None of the features reflecting activity or severity of the bowel disease was more common in patients with arthritis than in those without arthritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Radiographic features of feline joint diseases.

Feline joint disorders are often overlooked, possibly because cats are extremely agile and appear to cope with pathologic changes within their joints better than their canine counterparts. There is a growing awareness that osteoarthritis occurs more frequently than previously anticipated in cats, and recently we have seen the emergence of hip dysplasia as an entity of concern in some purebred cats. There are also several poorly understood conditions that affect the joints of cats, such as synovial osteochondromatosis, that invite further study. In recent years we have seen an expansion in the knowledge of immune-mediated and infectious arthropathies and their inter-relationship with infective agents. This article describes the radiographic changes seen in many of the currently recognized joint disorders of domestic cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Nuclear medicine in diagnosis and therapy of bone and joint diseases.

Concerning bone and joint diseases therapy of rheumatic synovitis (= radiosynoviorthesis) was introduced in 1952 before clinically relevant diagnostic procedures were developed. Radionuclides of Sr and later on 99mTc phosphonates then started the wide use of bone scintigraphy since > 30 years. The diagnostic methods have an excellent sensitivity for detection of local abnormalities of bone metabolism, the specificity of such studies, however, is low. Modifications of the technique (3-phase-bone-scintigraphy, pinhole collimators, ROI-technique), increasing knowledge of pathological scan patterns and introduction of other radionuclide studies (67Ga, 201Tl, inflammation scans with 99mTc-leukocytes or 99mTc-HIG) as well as 18FDG-PET have increased the specificity significantly in recent years and improvements of imaging systems (SPECT) also increased the accuracy of diagnostic methods in diseases of bone and joints. Therapy of such diseases has made considerable progress: inflamed, swollen joints can effectively be treated with 90Y-, 186Re, 169Er-colloids or with 165Dy-particles by radiosynoviorthesis. Severe pain due to disseminated bone metastases of cancer or polyarthritis can be controlled by radionuclide therapy with 89Sr, 153Sm-EDTMP, 186Re- or 188Re-HEDP and possibly 117mSn-DTPA with an acceptable risk of myelodepression. Possibilities, technical details and limitations of radionuclide applications for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes must be considered if optimal benefit for individual patients should be achieved. Overall Nuclear Medicine can become an essential element in management of bone and joint diseases. The relationship of Nuclear Medicine to bone and joint pathology is peculiar: In 1952 treatment of rheumatic synovitis by radiosynoviorthesis with 198Au Colloid was started by Fellinger and Schmid before diagnostic approaches to bone pathology existed. Bone scintigraphy was introduced only in 1961 using 85Sr but obviously the unfavourable radiation characteristics of this radionuclide limited it's broad application and 87mSr did not improve this situation. Only when 99mTc phosphonates were developed by Subramanian the importance of bone scintigraphy became apparent: The excellent imaging properties of these radiotracers showed, that abnormal bone metabolism could be visualized even before morphological alterations in the skeleton become visible on radiographies or even CT-scans. Moreover, proposals made earlier to use 32P or 89Sr for palliation of pain in patients with disseminated skeletal metastases were picked up again and led also to other radiopharmaceuticals (186Re-HEDP, 153Sm-EDTMP, 117mSn-DTPA) which are applied today for the same purpose with very good success. Therefore Nuclear Medicine today has a broad program for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to diseases of bone and joints. In bone scanning the high sensitivity led to inclusion of this method for routine staging and re-staging programs in a variety of cancer forms which have a trend to develop bone metastases (e.g. breast, lung, prostate, melanoma) but the low specificity of abnormal patterns on such scans can impair the diagnostic value of the technique. To increase specificity and to define inflammatory lesions, radiotracers used for "inflammation scanning" were introduced such as labeled granulocytes, 99mTc Human Immunoglobulin and others but also a simple modification of bone scanning--triple phase bone scintigraphy--was used. Recently the excellent properties of 18F for PET of the skeleton were rediscovered again and emission CT scanning--possibly with overlay with transmission CT or MRT pictures--can enhance the diagnostic impact of radionuclide bone studies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

[Diagnostic clues in the clinical diagnosis of joint diseases].

Most rheumatic joint diseases can be diagnosed by a careful clinical history and examination of the patient. The differential diagnosis considers typical age at onset, sex, pattern of joint involvement and the occurrence of extra-articular manifestations. In addition to laboratory tests and joint fluid examination, conventional radiographic investigations are very important for both the assessment of the diagnosis and the evaluation of the disease process in patients with rheumatic joint disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

DNA-transfer approaches in treatment of chronic inflammatory joint disease.

Chronic inflammatory joint diseases (CIJDs), including rheumatoid arthritis, are complex inflammatory processes that result in joint damage, pain, deformity, and disability. Established therapies of pain control and anti-inflammatory medications fail to control the disease processes themselves. Gene-therapy strategies may offer therapies that can modify or abort the inflammatory processes attaching joint tissue, and may deliver biologically active DNA to critical morphological and biochemical points in these diseases. Such techniques as cell-mediated transport may allow highly selective treatments for these diseases.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1986

Degenerative joint disease.

Management of degenerative joint disease depends on the nature of the process and distribution of the joint disease. Simple modalities such as rest or exercise may be appropriate. Analgesics have a role to play, as do anti-inflammatory drugs and intraarticular corticosteroid injections.

Aging↗