Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Isospora”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Life cycle of Isospora burrowsi n sp (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the dog Canis familiaris.

Exogenous and endogenous stages of Isospora burrowsi n sp from the dog are described. Oocysts were spherical or ellipisoidal and 17 to 22 by 16 to 19 micrometer (mean 20.3 by 17.3 micrometer). Micropyle, oocyst residuum, and polar granule were not present. Sporocysts were 12 to 16 by 8 to 11 micrometer (mean 14.4 by 9.7 micrometer). Stieda body was absent, but a sporocyst residuum was present. Endogenous stages were in the caudal three-fifths of the small intestine and in the cecum. Mature 1st-generation schizonts (11 to 18 by 9 to 18 micrometer) were present on the 4th day of infection. One day later, mature 2nd-generation schizonts (18 to 35 by 17 to 22 micrometer) were present. Immature gamonts were found 5 days after infection, and unsporulated oocysts were also present later that day. The prepatent period was 6 days, and the mean patent period was 11 days. The oocysts of I burrowsi differ markedly in size from all other Isospora species from dogs, except Isospora ohioensis; however, the endogenous stages of the 2 species differ.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Prevalence of oocysts of Isospora suis and Eimeria spp from sows on farms with and without a history of neonatal coccidiosis.

Oocysts of Isospora suis were not found in any of 77 fecal samples from sows on farms with a history of neonatal coccidiosis. Oocysts of Isospora suis were found in 1 of 172 fecal samples from farms without a history of neonatal coccidiosis. Oocysts of Eimeria spp were found in 81.8% of the sows from farms with a history of neonatal coccidiosis and in 94.8% of the sows from farms without a history of neonatal coccidiosis. Oocysts of Isospora spp from birds were encountered as a pseudoparasite in several fecal samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isospora neorivolta SP. N. from the domestic dog.

The endogenous development of canine Isospora rivolta (Mahrt, J Protozool 14: 754--759, 1967) was compared with the development of I. ohioensis (Dubey, Parasitology, 1978, In press) in intestines of dogs. A new name, Isospora neorivolta, is proposed for the canine I. rivolta because of developmental differences from I. ohioensis. The major difference between these 2 coccidia is their site of development. Isospora neorivolta develops predominantly in the lamina propria of the posterior half of the small intestine, whereas I. ohioensis develops only in the epithelium and infection occurs throughout the small intestine. Additional information on the development of I. neorivolta in dogs is given.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Biology of mammalian Isospora.

Isospora species are coccidial parasites that can cause serious disease in humans and pigs. Disease is observed less frequently in non-human primates, dogs or cats. Isospora species do not produce disease in horses, domestic ruminants or domestic poultry, and reports of isosporan oocysts in the feces of these hosts probably represents pseudoparasites that originated in feed or water contaminated with wild bird feces. David Lindsay and Byron Blagburn here summarize what is known about the biology of the Isospora species of domestic animals and non-human primates.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Isospora belli in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Isospora belli is a cause of protracted diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), seen mostly in homosexual men and narcotic addicts, predisposes affected persons to a number of opportunistic infections. As Isospora belli has been reported only once in this group, we report Isospora belli in an AIDS patient with chronic diarrhea.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Infectivity and sporogony of Caryospora-type oocysts of Isospora rivolta obtained by heating.

The infectivity and sporogony of Caryospora-type oocysts of Isospora rivolta obtained by heat treatment were examined. Fresh unsporulated oocysts of I. rivolta were heated at 50 degrees C for 5 min, then poured into a cold 2% potassium dichromate solution and incubated at 25 degrees C. To observe the stage of sporulation, 100 oocysts were examined at 2-h intervals after incubation. The earliest sporulated oocysts were observed at 14 h and the sporulation time was 22 h, similar to that of nontreated oocysts. To determine the infectivity, only Caryospora-type oocysts were collected after sporulation and inoculated orally into cats and mice. The mice were killed at 7 days after inoculation, and their mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens were fed to other cats. All of these cats shed oocysts. The newly discharged oocysts developed into the Isospora type after sporulation. These results suggest that the Caryospora-type oocysts transformed only morphologically after heat treatment and were as infective as the nontreated oocysts to host animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

PCR-based differentiation of three porcine Eimeria species and Isospora suis.

Isospora suis and Eimeria are frequent coccidian parasites of pigs. The unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria species and of I. suis are difficult to differentiate. Therefore, a species-specific PCR was developed. PCR products were amplified from Eimeria polita, Eimeria porci, and Eimeria scabra using primers from the conserved 18S rRNA regions and were subsequently sequenced. Based on variable sequence regions, primers were constructed for the differentiation of the three Eimeria species and I. suis. Using a combination of PCRs detecting one or two species, all four coccidian species were detected (theoretical lower detection level: DNA content of 250 oocysts of each Eimeria species or 25 oocysts of Isospora in 1microl) and differentiated. The PCR-based differentiation of the above mentioned species provides a useful alternative to microscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Occurrence of Isospora suis in larger piglet production units and on specialized piglet rearing farms.

Mixed fecal samples of 264 litters from five piglet production farms (155-238 sows/farm) were investigated three times during the suckling period for the occurrence of Isospora suis over the period of 1 year. On all five farms Isopora suis was found to be a common endoparasite with infection rates being highest in litters of 3-4 weeks of age. By the end of the third investigation period the cumulative infection rate was 53.8% of the litters ranging from 20.0% to 81.5% for the single farms. During the suckling period the infection rate increased from 18.6% to 32.6% and then to 37.7%. Diarrhea was present in 66.3% of the sampled litters with the highest rates at the end of the suckling period. 63.4% of the litters which showed diarrhea and 34.8% of those without diarrhea excreted I. suis within the study period. Diarrhea was recorded for 78.2% of the I. suis-positive litters and for 52.5% of the Isospora-negative litters. In summer and fall the occurrence of I. suis was higher (66.3% and 61.0%, respectively) than in spring and winter (47.7% and 37.9%, respectively). In litters with diarrhea and pathogenic E. coli I. suis often occurred simultaneously. Above-average hygiene measures and mainly perforated pen floors seemed to lower the risk of isosporosis. With the exception of Strongyloides ransomi other parasites were not found in the fecal samples of suckling piglets. Two specialized piglet rearing farms, a conventional large-scale rearing unit and a farm managed according to the segregated early weaning (SEW) system were examined three times during the 6-7 week rearing period. In both units I. suis was common, but was not correlated with diarrhea. In the SEW unit the infection rates decreased from 37.5% to 20.2% and to 4.1%, while the infection rate in the conventional unit slightly increased from the first (17.2%) to the second (21.9%) investigation and stayed at this level at the third sampling.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Persistent diarrhea caused by Isospora belli: therapeutic response to pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine.

A 54-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive homosexual man developed overwhelming watery diarrhea and marked weight loss over a 3-week period. Although Entamoeba histolytica and other nonpathogenic enteric protozoa were observed along with Isospora belli in this patient's stool specimens, they were promptly eradicated after metronidazole (flagyl) treatment. The presence of I. belli oocysts in various stages of development in the stool and clinical symptoms related to Isospora infection persisted for 10 more months despite treatment with combined chemotherapeutic agents. Clinical and parasitiological resolution was ultimately achieved through an 8-week course of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Emerging pathogens: Isospora, Cyclospora and microsporidia.

Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis as well as several species of microsporidia are recognized as emerging protozoan pathogens of humans. All are obligate intracellular parasites, with Isospora and the microsporidia being primarily associated with immunocompromised hosts. Cyclospora is a cause of traveller's diarrhoea, and is responsible for water-borne and food-borne outbreaks of disease. Drug treatment is available for these infections. Improved diagnostic methods including the autofluorescence of I. belli and C. cayetanensis oocysts have assisted in the routine detection of these pathogens. Since the recognition of immunosuppression due to HIV infection, microsporidia have become recognized as important human pathogens with a continuing expansion of the parasite-associated clinico-pathological spectrum. The small size, intracellular nature and poor staining properties with many histological stains result in under-reporting of microsporidial infections. Trichrome stain and optical brighteners are used to detect spores in faeces, urines, respiratory secretions and other aspirates. Electron microscopy remains an important diagnostic method but its sensitivity is relatively poor. Molecular techniques should overcome current diagnostic limitations. The ability to extract DNA and amplify by PCR directly from clinical samples has increased the usefulness of molecular methods. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of amplicons can be used to determine genus, species and strain types of various microsporidia. Increased specificity is required in primer design because current primers used for amplifying non-microsporidian DNA also amplify microsporidian DNA. Diagnosis and pathogen characterisation rely increasingly on PCR-based approaches, and the sequence analysis approach becomes increasingly feasible and affordable. However, robust, reliable and sensitive methods are still required for dissecting pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission routes and sources of infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Isospora gallicolumbae sp. n. from Beccari's ground dove (Gallicolumba beccarii Salvadori) in Papua New Guinea.

Isospora gallicolumbae sp. n. is described from Beccari's ground dove, Gallicolumba beccarii Salvadori, in Papua New Guinea. The ellipsoidal oocysts average 16.0 times 20.0 micron. The oocyst wall is light green, single-layered (approximately 0.8 micron), and becomes distorted within 10 min in sugar solution. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent; one polar granule is present. Sporocysts are ovoid, 8.0 times 12.0 micron, with prominent conical Stieda body. Sporocyst residuum is a spherical mass (approximately 5.0 micron) of lighter and darker granules. This is the first species of Isospora reported from a host in the avian order Columbiformes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Erhardorina n. g., Ascogregarina polynesiensis n. sp., Eimeria golemanskii n. sp., Isospora tamariscini n. sp., Gregarina kazumii n. nom., new combinations and emendations in the names of apicomplexan protozoa.

On the basis of a review of the approximately 4300 species of apicomplexan protozoa, the following new species, new names, new combinations, and emendations are given: NEW GENUS, Erhardovina; NEW SPECIES, Ascogregarina polynesiensis, Eimeria golemanskii, Isospora tamariscini; NEW NAME, Gregarina kazumii; NEW COMBINATIONS, Ascogregarina brachyceri (Purrini, 1980), Erhardovina euzeti (Lipa, 1981), E. scutovertexi (Erhardová, 1955), Haemorhormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983); EMENDATIONS, Selenidium francianum (Arvy, 1952) Tuzet & Ormières, 1965, Pyxinioides bolitoides D. P. Henry, 1938, P. japonicus H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kamenote H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kurofuji H. Hoshide, 1951, P. oshoroensis H. Hoshide, 1951, P. pugetensis D. P. Henry, 1938, Gregarina levinei Haldar & Sarkar, 1980, Retractocephalus halticae Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu, 1982, Cnemidospora schizophylli Tuzet & Guerin, 1947, Grebneckiella indica (Merton, 1911) Watson, 1916, Quadruspinospora atractomorphae Haldar & Chakraborty, 1978, Haemogregarina acipenseri Nawrotzky, 1914, H. lobianci Yakimov & Kohl-Yakimov, 1912, H. yakimovikohlae Wladimiroff, 1910, Hepatozoon luehi (Sambon, 1909) Pessoa, Cavalheiro & de Souza, 1970, Eimeria beyerae Ovezmukhammedov, 1977, E. (?) gigantea (Labbé, 1896) Reichenow, 1921, E. (?) labbei Hardcastle, 1943, E. rufi Prasad, 1960, E. (?) scylii (Drago, 1902) Levine & Becker, 1933, Isospora corvi Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. melopsittaci Bhatia, Chauhan, Arora & Agrawal, 1973, I. seicerci Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. stomatici Chakravarty & Kar, 1944, I. triffitae Nukerbaeva & Svanbaev, 1973, Wenyonella mackinnonae Misra, 1947, Octosporella sanguinolentae Ovezmukhammedov, 1975, Lankesterella millani Alvarez Calvo, 1975, Sarcocystis woodhousei Dogel', 1916, Haemoproteus lari Yakunin, 1972, Babesia ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimoff & Shokhor, 1916), Theileria ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimov, 1916) Krylov, 1974, Haemohormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Two new species of Isospora from Indonesian birds.

The following species are described from Indonesian birds: Isospora paddae n. sp. with oocysts 41.5-45.5 x 40.3-41.5 (44 +/- 1.15 x 41.2 +/- 0.38) and sporocysts 22.8-24.5 x 14.7-17 (24 +/- 0.55 x 16.2 +/- 0.81) from the Java sparrow, Padda oryzivora, and Isospora indonesianensis n. sp. with oocysts 39.3-43.6 x 37-40.8 (41.8 +/- 1.3 x 39.6 +/- 1.25) and sporocysts 25.6-28.4 x 15.2-18.5 (27.1 +/- 1.05 x 16.8 +/- 1.22) from the chestnut Munia, Lonchura malacca (L). The host birds belong to the order Passerorida.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Coccidiosis in swine: a search for extraintestinal stages of Isospora suis.

Clinical coccidiosis in swine is associated with Isospora suis infection of piglets. The endogenous life cycle of I suis in piglets occurs within the superficial epithelium of the small intestine. Extraintestinal stages of I suis were not demonstrated in tissues of experimentally infected piglets or mice. Feeding these tissues to previously uninfected piglets did not result in oocyst shedding of consequence. Extraintestinal stages do not seem to occur in piglets with I suis as in some other Isospora species.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Protective immune response of Isospora felis-infected mice against Babesia microti infection.

Protective response against Babesia microti was studied in Isospora felis-infected mice. Isospora felis-infected mice which were exposed to B. microti on the 28th day post-infection showed absolute resistance against Babesia microti. Interestingly, these mice showed no anti-B. microti antibodies. Mice that received spleen cells from I. felis-infected donors that were subsequently exposed to B. microti showed lower peak parasitemia (10.3% +/- 2.6) compared to those mice that received normal spleen cells (60.9% +/- 15.0), and no spleen cells at all (47.3% +/- 8.5). Treatment of I. felis-infected mice with monoclonal antibodies against L3T4+ cells resulted to a depression of their resistance to B. microti, as clearly manifested by high levels of parasitemia. Findings of the present study demonstrate the role of cell mediated immunity, specifically by L3T4+ T-cells induced by I. felis infection, in providing mice protection against B. microti.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Studies on isosporosis in dogs. I: Isolation and sporulation of Isospora ohioensis.

Based on the morphologic characteristics of oocysts of the genus Isospora, we have demonstrated that I. ohioensis is a relatively common Isospora species in dogs which are resident in Chonbuk province, Korea. The prepatent period of I. ohioensis was four days. The size of the unsporulated oocysts in fresh stool specimens was 22.9 x 19.8 microns (R = 1.16). The size of the contracted sporonts was 17.4 x 16.3 microns (R = 1.06). By 96 hours, sporulation is complete and the ratio of length/width was constant relatively. And the sizes of oocysts and sporocysts were 22.8 x 20.5 microns (R = 1.11) and 15.0 x 10.8 microns (R = 1.39), respectively. At this time it is most reliable for the measurements of oocyst sizes of I. ohioensis to provide with the identifiable clues against the others. It is therefore recommended that the clinical fecal specimens suspected of isosporosis should first be incubated and aerated for 96 hours before a definitive parasitological diagnosis can be reached. These and other observations contribute to the understanding of the biological characteristics and laboratory and clinical diagnosis of isosporosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Understanding intestinal spore-forming protozoa: cryptosporidia, microsporidia, isospora, and cyclospora.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize recent information about the "new" gastrointestinal protozoal pathogens (cryptosporidia, microsporidia, isospora, and cyclospora) and to help practicing clinicians integrate this information into their clinical databases by emphasizing the similarities among these organisms. DATA SOURCES: Relevant English-language articles published between 1988 and 1995 were identified through a MEDLINE search done using the names of the intestinal spore-forming protozoa. Articles cited in the bibliographies of these and other articles were searched manually. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that contained information on the history, taxonomy, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of the pathogens were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Septata intestinalis are intestinal spore-forming protozoa that cause intracellular infections, predominantly in the epithelial cells of the intestine. They are transmitted either by stool from person to person or through contaminated water or food by an infectious particle called a spore or oocyst. Asymptomatic infections occur; the most common symptom of infection is diarrhea. Infections have been associated with intestinal inflammation, disordered architecture (such as villus blunting), and abnormal function (for example, malabsorption). Mild to moderate, self-limited diarrhea is common in healthy persons, but patients with immune dysfunction can have severe intestinal injury and prolonged diarrhea. Diagnosis is made by a microscopic examination of the stool and the use of appropriate staining techniques. Effective antibiotic treatment for prolonged infection in immunocompromised patients is available for most of these infections. CONCLUSIONS: The intestinal spore-forming protozoa are four frequently identified gastrointestinal pathogens that have important similarities in epidemiology, disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.

Animals↗