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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Ventilatory stimulation by sodium salicylate: rols of thoracic receptors.

To explore the possibility that salicylates can stimulate VE via an extracranial mechanism, heads of dogs were perfused entirely by a support dog with blood of unchanging gas composition; spinal cord remained intact. The carotid bodies lay within the region of the perfused head; the aortic bodies were denervated. Intra-arterial infusion of sodium salicylate (150-225 mg/kg) into the body of these head-perfused animals elicited large increases in VE (188+/-11%), although significant amounts of salicylate did not reach the head or carotid body. In any case, when the same dose of salicylate was selectively administered to the head, increases in VE were limited to 23+-8%. To determine the contribution of thoracic receptors to the increase in VE elicited by salicylates, a subsequent group of head-perfused animals underwent complete spinal transection at the first lumbar level. Nnetheless, intra-arterial infusion of sodium salicylate (150-225 mg/kg) into the body of these head-perfused animals still elicited large increases in VE (111+/-13%). It is concluded that thoracic receptors (other than the aortic bodies) mediate a significant portion of the increase in VE elicited by intra-arterial infusion of sodium salicylate.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cardiovascular control in recently injured tetraplegics in spinal shock.

Cardiovascular control was studied in five tetraplegic patients with physiologically complete cervical spinal cord transections. All had been injured less than two weeks previously and were in spinal shock. Blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured at rest and during and after bladder stimulation and application of cold stimuli to skin below the level of the lesion. In three patients the cardiovascular responses to intravenously infused 1-noradrenaline and to the Valsalva manoeuvre were recorded. Measurements were also made in six chronic tetraplegic patients (in whom reflex spinal cord activity had returned) at rest, and during and after bladder stimulation, and in six normal subjects at rest. Average resting blood pressure in the recently injured tetraplegics was 130/57 (mean 81) mmHg, in the chronic tetraplegics 107/55 (mean 73) mmHg and in normal subjects 122/82 (mean 95) mmHg. Average resting heart rate was 64, 73 and 77 beats/min in the three groups respectively. Resting plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels in both the recently injured and chronic tetraplegics were lower than than in normal subjects. In the recently injured tetraplegics bladder stimulation caused minimal changes in blood pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels. In the chronic tetraplegics similar stimulation caused marked hypertension, bradycardia and elevation in plasma noradrenaline but not adrenaline levels. Cold stimuli in the recently injured tetraplegics did not change blood pressure or heart rate. In the recently injured tetraplegics intravenous infusion of 1-noradrenaline resulted in greater elevation in blood pressure than normal. There was a decrease in heart rate. One patient was able to perform the Valsalva manoeuvre. His blood pressure responses were consistenly abnormal ('blocked' Valsalva).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Scanning the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord following endolumbar and cisternal administration of colloid solutions of radioisotopes].

The patency of the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord was studied by means of radioisotopes in 82 patients, among whom 18 had tumors of the spinal cord, 22 had herniation of the intervertebral disk, 18 had complicated fractures of the spine, and 11 had inflammatory diseases of the spinal cord and its meninges. Colloidal solutions of 198Au, 111In, and 131I were used for endolumbar and cisternal infusion. Scanning of the vertebral canal provides for the diagnosis of the level, degree, and extent of its compression caused by various vertebro-medullary pathologic conditions. The method is sparing, minimum doses of isotopes are used, and no complications are produced.

Arachnoiditis↗
PubMed1976

The influence of ethyl alcohol on cerebro-spinal fluid pressure.

The effect of ethanol on the cerebro-spinal fluid pressure of six baboons is described. A biphasic response is shown to the intravenous infusion with a mean pressure fall of 3.1 mmHg. It is suggested that both the diuretic effect and the effect of alcohol on cerebral blood flow may be factors involved in the pressure fall.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Preserved autoregulation in the rhesus spinal cord after high cervical cord section.

The authors studied the effect of high cervical cord section on the phenomenon of autoregulation in the rhesus monkey with the hydrogen clearance method to measure focal spinal cord blood flow (SCBF). Laminectomies were performed at T7-11 and C1-2. The spinal cord was completely severed at C1-2. Under normocapnic conditions, SCBF was then measured in the thoracic spinal cord over a wide range of blood pressures (MAP). The MAP was either lowered by bleeding or raised by the intravenous infusion of angiotensin. Autoregulation was found to be intact between 50 and 125 mm Hg, following a pattern similar to the one observed in the intact animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Radiation myelopathy-two cases with unusual development (author transl)].

This is a report of two women who experienced radiation myelopathy 2,5 and 9 months after telecobalt radiation. Tetraplegia and paralysis of the inspiratory muscles developed rapidly in the first case whereas in the second case the paralysis and the initial Brown-Sequard syndrome improved after treatment with corticosteroids and infusion of Rheomacrodex and Sorbit. It should be stressed that in both cases the radiation stress on the spinal cord was under the limit of tolerance of 3300 to 4000 R. The differential diagnosis of radiation myelopathy from spinal metastasis is most important because the treatment is different for each conditions.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1978

Spinal cord compression and blood flow. I. The effect of raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure on spinal cord blood flow.

The effect of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) on spinal cord blood flow (SCBF), measured by the hydrogen clearance technique, was studied in dogs. CSFP was altered by the infusion of mock CSF into the lumbar subarachnoid space. Occluding snares at T-13 limited the effect of raised pressure on the brain. As the perfusion pressure was reduced when the CSFP was increased, flow remained constant up to a perfusion pressure of approximately 50 mm Hg. Below this value, flow decreased with decreasing perfusion pressure. Normal flow values could be reestablished even at a raised CSFP if the perfusion pressure was increased by raising the arterial blood pressure. Rapid reduction of CSFP was accompanied by reactive hyperemia. The autoregulation of flow down to a perfusion pressure of 50 mm Hg was due to progressive decrease in vascular resistance. Carbon dioxide-responsiveness of the vessels was decreased markedly as the perfusion pressure was reduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Hypotensive anesthesia for spinal fusion with sodium nitroprusside.

Deliberate induced hypotension for spinal fusion has been used in the past, but a search for better techniques continues. The authors used sodium nitroprusside by intravenous infusion to reduce the mean arterial pressure from 72 to 42 torr in 10 cases. This degree of hypotension provided an optimal surgical field and maintained adequate tissue perfusion as demonstrated by arterial oxygen tensions greater than 600 torr, no development of base deficit, and continuous urinary excretion. There were no complications related to hypotension. None of the patients received blood transfusions, whereas in the past, 2000 ml blood was usually required for this procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Catheter dislodgement: a cause of failure of intraarterial vasopressin infusions to control gastrointestinal bleeding.

Catheter dislodgement is a major cause of technical failures in intraarterial vasopressin therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding. Ten such cases were observed in the past five years. In seven patients catheter dislodgement led to recurrent bleeding during vasopressin infusion. In one patient aortic infusion of vasopressin caused recurrent bleeding and reversible acrocyanosis of the feet, and in two patients vasopressin infusion into the left renal artery resulted in chest pain and hematuria. Catheter dislodgement should be suspected if bleeding that was initially controlled recurs during vasopressin infusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recirculatory spinal subarachnoid perfusions in dogs: a method for determining CSF dynamics under non-steady state conditions.

Open-ended ventriculocisternal perfusion techniques for determining cerebrospinal fluid production and absorption rates are severely restricted by the absolute requirement that steady state conditions be present. A new closed recirculatory spinal perfusion technique is described. Because steady state equilibrium is not necessary, numerous determinations at multiple intracranial pressures or under varied experimental conditions are possible within relatively brief perfusion periods. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nondiffusible albumin tracer are rapidly recirculated through the spinal subarachnoid space in a cephalad direction. The concentration of fluorescein-tagged albumin is continuously monitored as the CSF is circulated through a fluorometric flow cell. Measured continuously, intracranial pressure (ICP) is regulated by changing the volume of the external perfusion circuit with a syringe pump connected in series to the recirculatory spinal perfusion. CSF formation and absorption rates are calculated from measurements of albumin concentration, concentration changes with time, ICP, syringe pump infusion rate, and the external perfusion circuit volume. In dogs, data can be collected after only 45 minutes for mixing; perfusions at four or five intracranial pressures in addition to normal resting pressure can be completed within 2 to 3 hours. The data from 15 perfusions in 14 dogs are presented. The method provides normal resting pressure values of CSF production and absorption consistent with those values in the literature determined by traditional ventriculocisternal perfusion techniques. Determinations at multiple intracranial pressures suggest a proportional relationship between absorption and ICP. No consistent acute change in CSF formation with pressures to 50 mm Hg can be inferred from these data.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Spinal tumours associated with increased intracranial pressure. Report of two cases and a discussion on the pathophysiology.

Two cases of increased intracranial pressure associated with lumbar intraspinal tumours are reported. On the basis of protein investigations and constant flow infusion manometric tests, the pathophysiology of the increased intracranial pressure is discussed. It is demonstrated that protein macromolecules leak from the tumour into the cerebrospinal fluid and suggested that these are responsible for mechanical obstruction of the outflow channels for the cerebrospinal fluid.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Experimental spongy degeneration in calves.

Experimental reproduction and ultrastructural findings of spongy degeneration of the central nervous system of hyperammonemic calves are described. Hyperammonemia was produced by intravenous infusion of ammonium acetate. Histologic findings were stereotyped in all calves and characterized by widespread vacuolation of white and grey matter of the brain spinal cord. Electron microscopy revealed widespread intramyelinic vacuoles, some expansion of extracellular spaces and swollen mitochondria. There were minimal changes in neurons, axons and glia, and little evidence of myelin breakdown. Hyperammonemia may be one of the pathogeneses involved in the CNS spongy degeneration in man and domestic animals effected with hepatocerebral diseases and some hereditary disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

A primate model for study of methotrexate pharmacokinetics in the central nervous system.

A new technique enabling repetitive sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in unanesthetized rhesus monkeys was developed to study the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate (MTX) in the CSF. CSF and plasma MTX levels were monitored following intraventricular and intravenous MTX administration. CSF and plasma MTX disappearance curves in the monkey were virtually identical to curves generated in humans, suggesting that the mechanisms of transport between the CSF and plasma compartments are similar in both species. These observations validate this experimental primate model and indicate its potential application to the pharmacological study of CNS chemotherapeutic agents in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical study of ventriculo-lumbar perfusion in the patients of so-called normal pressure hydrocephalus (author's transl)].

The cerebrospinal fluid dynamics were studied in the ten patients between 33 and 67 years old with signs of so-called normal pressure hydrocephalus by the technique of ventriculo-lumbar perfusion. The perfusion fluid with Ringer's solution or Hartmann's solution containing tracer amounts (25 mg/dl) of insulin. The inflow fluid warmed up to the body temperature was introduced by the infusion pump to the trigone of the lateral ventricle through the ventricular tube. The outflow fluid was collected from the lumbar subarachnoid space through the spinal needle inserted into the L4-5 interspace. The perfusion pressure was adjusted by raising and lowering the height of the outflow manometric pressure relative to the spinous process. The distribution volume of the perfusion system was the range of 94 - 209 ml (average 136 ml) and exceeded the normal range. The formation rate of cerebrospinal fluid was the range of 0.21 - 0.69 ml/min (average 0.39 ml/min) at the opening pressure, and nearly equal to the bulk absorption rate. There was the relationship between the bulk absorption rate and the perfusion pressure, and the regression coefficients in nine cases were lower than reported in normals. The clinical condition of seven of the nine patients demonstrating this absorptive deficit improved after cerebrospinal fluid shunting. The perfusion test was useful to recognize the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and also to determine the indication of cerebrospinal fluid shunt in the patients of so-called normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Adult↗