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PubMed1988

Structuring strain data for storage and retrieval of information on fungi and yeasts in MINE, the Microbial Information Network Europe.

A distributed Microbial Information Network Europe (MINE) is being constructed by a number of major microbial culture collections in countries of the European Community, with the support of the Biotechnology Action Programme (BAP) of the Commission of the European Community. The representatives of the collections participating in MINE have agreed to adopt a general format for the computer storage and retrieval of strain data. This uniform format will facilitate the electronic combination and exchange of data from different collections in order to produce integrated catalogues and the use of identical commands to search the different databases. It is recommended to other collections who may wish to contribute data to the MINE network or between themselves. Three kinds of records can be linked to the leading 'species records': strain records, synonym records, and alternative morphonym records. A minimum data set of 30 fields (similar to the fields used for producing catalogues) is defined that facilitates the exchange of data between the national nodes and serves as a directory to strains available at other nodes. It is suggested that the full strain record comprise 99 fields, grouped in 12 blocks: internal administration--name--strain administration--status--environment and history--biological interactions--sexuality--properties (cytology, biomolecular data)--genotype and genetics--growth conditions--chemistry and enzymes--practical applications. Several fields are divided into subfields of different ranks. Delimiters are used either to separate a range of entries that have to be indexed or to divide an entry from the reference to its source or remarks that should not be indexed. The contents and structure of the fields proposed for filamentous fungi and yeasts are described and in some cases illustrated by examples. Uniformity of input is essential for indexed fields and desirable for non-indexed fields. Seven thesaurus files are envisaged to ensure consistency.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2003

Global information network on chemicals (GINC) and its Asian component.

The Global Information Network on Chemicals (GINC) is an effort to build a global information network that links international, national, and other organizations working for the safe management of chemicals in order to exchange information and improve communications. The project was originally proposed in 1993 by one of the authors then at the National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) of Japan to the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS), which is a joint project of World Health Organization (WHO), International Labor Organization (ILO), and United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). The base support system was first implemented at NIHS using the Internet/World Wide Web (WWW) technology in 1995. The project was then endorsed by the Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS) and was adopted by the Inter-Organization Program for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC). However, the base system (http://www.nihs.go.jp/GINC/index.html) has been developed and maintained solely by the NIHS group under the support of the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW), Japan. Asia, particularly East Asia and the Pacific region, was chosen as the feasibility study region for this project. During the period from December 1994 to July 2002, NIHS hosted eight meetings on this project held in Tokyo.

Asia↗
PubMed1998

An integrated multimedia medical information network system.

An integrated multimedia medical information network system at Shimane Medical university has been developed to organize medical information generated from each section and provide information services useful for education, research and clinical practice. The report describes the outline of our system. It is designed to serve as a distributed database for electronic medical records and images. We are developing the MML engine that is to be linked to the world wide web (WWW) network system. To the users, this system will present an integrated multimedia representation of the patient records, providing access to both the image and text-based data required for an effective clinical decision making and medical education.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1984

Informal networks and knowledge of services for older persons.

Although informal networks may serve as lay referral to formal services, they may also reduce awareness of formal services by substituting for them. This reflects the distinction between weak and strong ties. The association between informal ties and service knowledge was investigated in a sample of 1,185 persons aged 60 and over. Such ties have generally weak associations with service awareness. Friends and neighbors appear to make small positive contributions to knowledge, as do having a confidant or instrumental helper, but ready access to children, confidants, and instrumental helpers also appears to reduce awareness of formal services. Older persons would appear to be served best by informal networks that balance weak and strong ties, yielding appropriate coordination with formal service networks.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a statewide Maternal and Child Health Information Network.

The Maternal and Child Health Information Network (MATCH) was a national demonstration project funded in 1983 by a Special Projects of Regional and National Significance (SPRANS) grant. The network's major objectives have been to correlate collected clinical service data items into usable information, to expand the database through linkage with other systems within the Ohio Department of Health, and to analyze the conjugated data in an effort to expand current knowledge of maternal and child health. The network is interactive between local funded agencies and the state Health Department. Both data entry and data retrieval are distributed at the end-user information centers. Training and support, major components of the project, are provided to each participant and user of the network. One advantage of MATCH is that it allows linkage of clinical service records with vital records as an outcome of prenatal care and/or a history for child health clients. This aspect of the system permits an expanded look at the population being served by funds designated for maternal and child health programs and the ultimate outcome of such services, and permits comparison with those not receiving preventive health services.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1981

Drug information network in the United Kingdom National Health Service.

The drug information network is the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS) is described. The NHS was reorganized in 1974 resulting in the creation of 14 regions, which were further divided into areas. Drug information services provided within the regions and coordination between regions have evolved into a decentralized national drug information network. In this network, regional centers provide support to their area centers; difficult questions received by area centers may be referred to the regional center. Additionally, some regional centers have become specialized in particular fields. All regional centers have access to data held by other regional centers. Activity is further coordinated by a literature abstracting service in which each regional center has certain responsibilities; a code of practice for drug information pharmacists; production of specialty bulletins; and standardized education and training. Future plans for expanded services are described.

Drug Information Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of a statewide Maternal and Child Health Information Network.

The Maternal and Child Health Information Network (MATCH) contains numerous data elements. The process of converting these data into information is an essential component of comprehensive management information system planning. This process must address not only the end-user mechanics of data retrieval, but also the framework for how data can be used in program administration. Although potential data use contributes to and may in fact drive system design, the reality of integrating computer and data usage into daily activities presents a different set of challenges in system implementation. For both state and local end-users, barriers to system use had to be addressed. In terms of directing system use, it was helpful to provide a format for categorizing data needs. The broad categories of data needs identified for program administration were planning, research, evaluation, management, and collaboration. Numerous initiatives have evolved for each of these categories.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Development of the toxicological files in environmental chemicals data and information network (ECDIN).

A computer-based data network containing information on potentially toxic chemicals released into the environment is being developed by the Joint Research Centre of the Commission of the European Communities and by research institutions in the member states as part of a program for environmental research. The information requested daily by toxicologists involved in administration, scientific research, and clinical or forensic toxicology covers different fields or disciplines. The data base, which is still in a pilot phase, collects data on environmental chemicals (about 30,000) spread over more than 100 data fields. These include identification; physical and chemical properties; analytical methods; economic data; hazard classifications for transport, handling and storage; waste disposal; environmental dispersion and transformation; toxicology: acute and chronic effects, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, behavioral effects; occupational air standards, first-aid treatments in case of poisoning or environmental disaster. Data stored in the data bank are original literature data which have been evaluated by specialists.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2001

The construction of a public key infrastructure for healthcare information networks in Japan.

The digital signature is a key technology in the forthcoming Internet society for electronic healthcare as well as for electronic commerce. Efficient exchanges of authorized information with a digital signature in healthcare information networks require a construction of a public key infrastructure (PKI). In order to introduce a PKI to healthcare information networks in Japan, we proposed a development of a user authentication system based on a PKI for user management, user authentication and privilege management of healthcare information systems. In this paper, we describe the design of the user authentication system and its implementation. The user authentication system provides a certification authority service and a privilege management service while it is comprised of a user authentication client and user authentication serves. It is designed on a basis of an X.509 PKI and is implemented with using OpenSSL and OpenLDAP. It was incorporated into the financial information management system for the national university hospitals and has been successfully working for about one year. The hospitals plan to use it as a user authentication method for their whole healthcare information systems. One implementation of the system is free to the national university hospitals with permission of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Another implementation is open to the other healthcare institutes by support of the Medical Information System Development Center (MEDIS-DC). We are moving forward to a nation-wide construction of a PKI for healthcare information networks based on it.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MATCH: a maternal and child health information network.

The Maternal and Child Health Information Network--MATCH--was begun in 1984 as a demonstration project with support from the Division of Maternal and Child Health of the Health Resources and Services Administration, Public Health Service. The primary purpose of the project was the development of a system to manage data related to prenatal, child health, family planning, and genetic services that are delivered with State support in clinics in the State of Ohio. The design of MATCH enables the same data base to be used at both the State and local levels. Because it allows all participants, central and district, to manipulate the raw data, it is called an end-user--as opposed to a batch retrieval--system. Data recorded on individual forms during each client's visit to local service clinics are collected and entered into a microcomputer whose software package is a commercial data base. The clinic can then use the data for its purposes: program planning, management, evaluation, client referrals, appointment followup, quality control, and billing. The same data are also uploaded by central office staff to the State's DEC mainframe from data-filled disks mailed in by the clinics. Personnel who staff local projects can access their own data on the mainframe computer to generate reports for local use and send and receive messages electronically. That is, the system is "interactive." The intent is to first link data generated by the primary care and preventive programs of maternal and child health (MCH) in an information system,then link that system to other health data arriving at the State health department (for example, birth and death certificates), and, finally, to use the system as the basis for a State level MCH primary care data system in Ohio for surveillance, planning,management, quality control, accountability,and research purposes.

Child Health Services↗
PubMed1999

Analysis of information needs of users of the Stanford Health Information Network for Education.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the information needs of users of the Stanford Health Information Network for Education (SHINE), an integrated information retrieval (IR) system. METHODS: A subset of queries from the SHINE log were categorized into one or more of 33 categories. RESULTS: Drugs and infectious disease accounted for 25% of categorizations, and otherwise the distribution of categorizations was quite broad. CONCLUSIONS: Attention should be paid to the selection of drug information resources in medical knowledge information retrieval systems. The distribution of query categorizations also suggests that IR systems include a wide range of knowledge resources.

California↗
PubMed1994

Health information networks. Where are we headed?

Proponents of community health information networks have high hopes for improving care and cutting costs by sharing information among providers, payers and others. But significant issues must be resolved before networks can deliver on those high expectations.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed1995

Arizona Health Information Network: the collaborative administration and management of a statewide computing resource for health information.

The need to access current, relevant health care information transcends the boundaries of the library. Many computer-based tools are now available that provide access to this information where and when it is needed. However, the provision of these tools often requires a substantial commitment of resources in the form of staff expertise, computer hardware and software, and user training. The need to access current information is critical for health care providers and students at all points of care regardless of the institution size or location. Unfortunately, the resources necessary to provide access to information may not be equally available at all sites. The Arizona Health Information Network (AZHIN) joins together librarians and information systems specialists from eleven institutions throughout the state in an effort to share computing resources and expertise in order to improve the quality of health care delivery, education and research. This cooperative effort allows each institution to contribute both financially and in the form of staff expertise, based upon its size and available resources. Although the benefits of this type of cooperation seem obvious, in a competitive environment it is necessary for each member to retain independence. To balance cooperation and independence, a framework has been established to enable individual AZHIN member institutions to administer local access to the shared resources.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1994

An information network for community medical care.

An information network for community medical care was established by the Himeji Medical Association in 1987. The network interconnects through public telephone a central computer located at the office of the Medical Association with personal computers installed in the offices of members of the Association. An overview of the network, which is in full operation, is given, and current problems and future directions are discussed.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2006

Factors influencing help-seeking from informal networks among African American victims of intimate partner violence.

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the challenges African-American women in abusive relationships face when they consider seeking-help from their informal networks. Data are reported from interviews with 15 African-American women who were self-identified as having survived physical intimate partner violence. A 13-item, semi-structured interview guide was developed in order to elicit information from participants. All of the interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded for analysis. This analysis revealed emergent themes from these interviews concerning the social factors and perceptions that influence help-seeking behavior. Participants perceived their informal networks as willing to offer instrumental support. However, informal networks were not emotionally supportive. Participants also noted that the African-American community at-large believes victims of violence to be "stupid" for remaining in violent relationships. Additional results are also discussed. Results may be used to help enhance efforts to reduce the rates of intimate partner violence among African-Americans.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

CDC's Information Network for Public Health Officials (INPHO): a framework for integrated public health information and practice.

To strengthen the public health infrastructure, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated the Information Network for Public Health Officials (INPHO). CDC INPHO has three goals: (1) to make communication among public health practitioners throughout the United States easy, (2) to make information accessible, and (3) to make secure data exchange as swift and smooth as contemporary technology will allow. Based on a systems approach to supporting the core functions of public health, CDC INPHO achieves its goals by creating a flexible and user-responsive infrastructure of open communications and information exchange.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗