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PubMedDate not supplied

Individual identification of cats and dogs using mitochondrial DNA tandem repeats?

Cats and dogs are very common animals in the human environment. In Switzerland, one in five households owns a cat or a dog. Their hairs are very easily transferred and could be used as a frequent trace evidence. Using DNA analysis, identification of these animals should be possible as it is in human identification. However, most of the time, no nuclear DNA can be recovered from the hair. It is therefore necessary to rely on mtDNA. Cats and dogs have tandemly repeated sequences in their mtDNA control region. In this study, the authors show that these tandem repeats are very polymorphic but are also the source of a very high level of heteroplasmy. The authors, therefore, examined if this might prevent their use in forensic identification.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A method for individual identification of echolocation signals in free-ranging finless porpoises carrying data loggers.

Echolocation click events of a free-ranging juvenile and an adult finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) were recorded with an acoustic data logger. Additionally, dive depth and swim speed of the juvenile were recorded with a behavior data logger. Echoes of echolocation signals from the water surface were clearly detected in shallow dives approximately less than 2 m. The delay time between a surface echo and a direct signal corresponded with the two-way transmission time for the animal's depth, indicating that the signals originated from the animal wearing the data loggers. The finless porpoises produced echolocation signals frequently and were thought to be able to detect their depth by listening to echoes from the water surface.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Individual identification of fallow deer using microsatellite polymorphism in a case of poaching]].

The paper reports on molecular biological investigations in a case of poaching which resulted in considerable damage for property. Blood traces from poaching sites have been analysed and compared with blood from two knives and a pair of trousers of the suspects. In two of three poaching sites, genomic DNA could be amplified by PCR and assigned to fallow deer. The authors could demonstrate identical allelic combinations between one of the poaching sites and a part of the traces. Problems of the legal appreciation in this case are described.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Short tandem repeat technology has diverse applications: individual identification, phylogenetic reconstruction and chimerism based post haematopoietic stem cell transplantation graft monitoring.

BACKGROUND: Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci are widely considered to be effective for variety of applications including forensic applications, phylogenetic reconstruction and chimerism based post Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) graft monitoring. For each application, specific sets of STR loci are used. AIMS: In the present study, we have attempted to use same set of STR loci for varied purposes based on their efficacy and informativity. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Population and patient based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have analyzed 5 STR loci--vWA, Tho1, FES, F13 and TPOX in 1000 North Indians. All five markers were also analyzed for chimerism based graft monitoring after HSCT in 42 HLA matched pair of patient-donor to predict the outcome of transplantation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The analysis was done for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), Heterozygosity, Polymorphism information content (PIC) and Power of Exclusion and Phylogenetic assessment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: High allelic variability in term of Heterozygosity (0.68-0.76), PIC (0.66-0.74) and high Power of exclusion (0.28-0.38) indicating high forensic utility. The ensuing PC plots finely resolved three basal clusters corresponding to three geo-ethnic groups of African, Orientals, and Caucasians. In post HSCT chimerism analysis, it was found that together these markers were informative in 38 pairs (98%) and were able to predict the chimerism status successfully. There is a possibility that these STR loci along with forensic and phylogenetic importance, can predict the outcome of HSCT successfully.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed2002

[A study of forensic individual identification used STR locus with silver staining and multiplex PCR methods].

Amplification of short tandem repeat(STR) loci has become a useful tool for human identification applications. To improve throughput and efficiency for the forensic materials and gain foure and six STR locis multiplex methods with silver staining, CSF1PO,TPOX,THO1 and vWA(referred to as multiplex A), D18S51, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818, D3S1358 and Amelogenin(referred to as multiplex B) have been evaluated for use in a rape case. The products of multiplex amplication were separated in a denaturing polyacrylamide gel and analyzed with silver staining. Two multiplex amplications used in this case could provide a power of discrimination of approximately 2.43 x 10(-19). Silver staining was shown to be a validation methods for analysing the products of four and six multiplex amplications.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1991

Individual identification by VNTR analysis using minisatellite DNA probe to distinguish variable alleles at a single locus.

Variable number of tandem repeat analysis using a ministatellite DNA probe pYNH24 to distinguish variable alleles at a single locus was applied to forensic analysis of DNA extracted from a murder and body abandonment specimen. Two bands detected by pYNH24 correspond to identical DNA from both the upper and lower halves of a separated body, suggesting that these halves were from the same body.

DNA Probes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Individual identification of cadaver parts after a bomb explosion using oligonucleotide fingerprinting by (GTG)5].

A blind shell suddenly and unexpectedly exploded, and 20 dismembered human remains were discovered. DNA fingerprint was performed to determine whether the 20 human remains were derived from one person or not. DNA was isolated from each of the remains and digested by the restriction enzyme Hinf I and Hae III and hybridized with the oligonucleotide probe (GTG)5. DNA fingerprint using Hinf I demonstrated the same band pattern in 17 out of the 20 remains. However, in the remaining 3 samples, two novel strange bands were observed. DNA fingerprint using Hae III showed completely identical pattern in all of the remains.

Blast Injuries↗