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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Tidal irrigation versus conservative medical management in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective randomized study. Tidal Irrigation Cooperating Group.

To determine the efficacy of tidal knee irrigation for knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA), we conducted a randomized, single blind, 14-week prospective trial comparing medical management with tidal knee irrigation in 77 patients with non-end stage OA of the knee and unilateral pain refractory to standard medical treatment. Fifty-seven patients completed the study. Statistically significant differences (p less than 0.05) favoring tidal knee irrigation over medical management were pain after 50' walk, pain after 4-stair climb, most intense pain in previous day, frequency of knee stiffness with inactivity, days of morning knee stiffness in previous week, physician assessment of knee tenderness and overall assessments of therapy effectiveness by both patient and physician. Tidal knee irrigation results in more favorable improvement of pain due to OA than can be accomplished with traditional medical management.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Whole bowel irrigation in children: prolonged post-irrigation diarrhea due to isotonic saline.

Whole bowel irrigation (WBI) was performed in 60 children aged two to 16 yrs (mean 5.1 +/- 0.5 yrs) in preparation for surgery (n: 59) and rectoscopy (n: 1). Isotonic saline (n: 43) and lactated Ringer's solutions (n: 17) were infused for irrigation. Vital signs remained stable during the procedure. Negligible electrolytic alterations were encountered. In general, WBI was well tolerated by all the patients. Two (3.3%) patients had abdominal cramps, vomiting was observed in nine (15%) and edema developed in one (16%). The results of the preparation were assessed as satisfactory in 45 cases (75%), adequate in 10 cases (16.6%) and poor in 5 cases (8.3%). Diarrhea, as a complication of saline, has not been reported previously in the literature, but was observed in 32 of our cases (74.4%), and lasted 2-5 days (mean 3.38 +/- 0.7 days) after irrigation. In addition, it is noteworthy that bile-stained intraluminal clear fluid was seen only in the patients who had been irrigated with lactated Ringer's solution. Our research related to this observation is continuing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Generalized peritonitis. To irrigate or not to irrigate the abdominal cavity.

The objectives of surgery for generalized peritonitis are to eliminate the source of continual bacterial contamination and to prevent septicemia and intra-abdominal abscess formation. A prospective randomized study of three different operative approaches of treating residual peritoneal contamination was undertaken: group 1, no peritoneal irrigation (14 patients); group 2, intraoperative peritoneal irrigation (15 patients); group 3, both intraoperative and postoperative peritoneal irrigation (15 patients). The mortality in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 28.5%, 26.6%, and 33%, respectively. The overall incidence of septicemia and intra-abdominal abscesses in groups 1, 2, and 3 was 23%, 22%, and 17%, respectively. In those patients who survived, the incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses, wound infection, and septicemia was 6%, 23%, and 13%, respectively. In this series, there was no detectable difference in the mortality and infectious complications between the three treatment groups. The only clinical factors that adversely affected mortality and morbidity were peritonitis originating from the colon and age greater than 60 years. Early surgical intervention with removal of the source of peritonitis, debridement of all necrotic tissue, and drainage of abscesses remain the cornerstones of successful therapy in generalized peritonitis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1995

Single-stage treatment for malignant left-sided colonic obstruction: a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing subtotal colectomy with segmental resection following intraoperative irrigation. The SCOTIA Study Group. Subtotal Colectomy versus On-table Irrigation and Anastomosis.

This multicentre study is the first prospective randomized trial to compare subtotal colectomy with segmental resection and primary anastomosis following intraoperative irrigation for the management of malignant left-sided colonic obstruction. Of the 91 eligible patients recruited by 12 centres, 47 were randomized to subtotal colectomy and 44 to on-table irrigation and segmental colectomy. Hospital mortality and complication rates did not differ significantly, but 4 months after operation increased bowel frequency (three or more bowel movements per day) was significantly more common in the subtotal colectomy group (14 of 35 versus four of 35, chi 2 = 6.06, 1 d.f., P = 0.01). More patients in the subtotal colectomy group reported that they had consulted their general practitioner with bowel problems than did those in the segmental resection group (15 of 37 versus three of 35, chi 2 = 8.17, 1 d.f., P = 0.004). Segmental resection following intraoperative irrigation is the preferred option except when there is caecal perforation or if synchronous neoplasms are present in the colon, when subtotal colectomy is more appropriate.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Surface tension comparison of four common root canal irrigants and two new irrigants containing antibiotic.

The aim of this study is to compare the surface tension of four common endodontic irrigants: Moltendo EDTA 17%, Cetrexidin, Smear Clear, Sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, with the surface tension of MTAD and Tetraclean. Freshly produced MilliQ water was used as a reference. All measurements were performed following the Wilhelmy plate technique, using a Cahn DCA-322 Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer at the temperature of 22 degrees C. MilliQ water, sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, and EDTA 17% had the highest surface tension, whereas those of Cetrexedin and Tetraclean has shown the lowest surface tension value. Both new irrigants, MTAD and Tetraclean, are capable of removing the smear layer. Thanks to their low surface tension, increasing the intimate contact of irrigant solutions with the dentinal walls, they may permit deeper penetration.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1995

An in vitro evaluation of the irrigating characteristics of ultrasonic and subsonic handpieces and irrigating needles and probes.

The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of a variety of endodontic irrigating devices. This study utilized plastic blocks with artificial canals to simulate the clinical setting. The canals were instrumented, and red food dye was introduced into each canal. The blocks were placed in a jig to simulate maxillary and mandibular arch orientation. Irrigation was performed with: (a) B-D 22-gauge needle; (b) Monoject Endodontic Needle 23 and 27 gauge; (c) Max-i-Probe 25-, 28-, and 30-gauge probes; (d) Cavi-Endo ultrasonic handpiece; and (e) Micromega 1500 subsonic handpiece. A Sony Camcorder was used to record the effect of irrigation on the simulated canal contents. Tape review enabled the investigators to observe dye clearance effected by each modality. The Max-i-Probe probes were the most effective instrument used to clear dye from the simulated canals in both the mandibular and maxillary positions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of different irrigation methods and concentrations of root canal irrigation solutions on bacteria in the root canal.

The effectiveness of two different root canal irrigating solutions, each in two different concentrations or formulations, with two different irrigation methods was compared in vitro by means of bacterial survival determinations. 75 human root canals were enlarged, sterilized and inoculated with a mixed culture of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans. After inoculation, the root canals were irrigated either manually or with an ultrasonic device for equal times (20s) with the same amount (5 ml) of sodium hypochlorite (1% and 2%), Fokalhydran I and Fokalhydran II. Sodium hypochlorite (1% and 2%) was used in a 1:100 dilution. Fokalhydran I and II were used in a 1:10 dilution. In the sodium hypochlorite group, the 1% concentration applied with a syringe proved to be most effective against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans. The least effective concentration and application method against both bacteria species was obtained with 2% NaOCL and ultrasonics. Against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans, a significantly lower effectiveness was found with 2% NaOCL applied with ultrasonics with respect to the rest of the sodium hypochlorite group. Fokalhydran I was significantly better than Fokalhydran II against Escherichia coli. However, no significant differences could be seen against Streptococcus mutans within this group.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1980

[Technique of transurethral electroresection in high-pressure irrigation. Use of a multifunctional irrigation stopcock (author's transl)].

Despite the existence of technically excellent resectoscopes the development of new and better instruments is possible and necessary. Only thereby, in the various resection techniques, as in high- and low-pressure irrigation, mechanically correlated instrumental insufficiencies can be compensated. With the use of a multifunctional irrigation stopcock, presented in this article, the TUR technique can be remarkably improved by steplessly regulatable water flow in combination with high-pressure irrigation.

Electrosurgery↗
PubMed1996

[Distribution of irrigating fluid to intracellular and extracellular fluid space during transurethral prostatectomy I--Estimation of irrigating fluid absorbed by measuring serum osmolality].

Twenty-three patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) under spinal anesthesia were studied. The irrigating fluid widely used in Japan is a hypo-osmolar solution with 3% sorbitol (Uromatic S, 170 mOsm.kgH2O-1, Baxter). The blood loss and the distribution of the irrigating fluid absorbed were computed from serum osmolality, blood urea nitrogen, and hematocrit using the equation we had formulated. The blood loss, the total fluid absorbed (ABS), and the volumes distributed to intracellular space (delta ICF) and extracellular space (delta ECF) were 419 +/- 677 ml, 1,582 +/- 1,446 ml, 384 +/- 348 ml and 778 +/- 1,279 ml (mean+/-SD), respectively. The correlation coefficient of delta OSM (difference between pre- and post-surgical serum osmolality) vs ABS and that of delta OSM vs delta ICF were high (0.98, 0.98) but that of delta Na (difference between pre- and postsurgical serum sodium) vs ABS was low (0.56). The linear regression equations of ABS vs delta OSM and delta ICF vs delta OSM were ABS (L) = 0.362 x delta OSM and delta ICF (L) = 0.088 x delta OSM, respectively. These equations means that one mOsm.kgH2O-1 reduction of the serum osmolality is the result of 362 ml of irrigating fluid absorbed, 88 ml of which shifting into the intracellular space.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The distribution and abundance of parasitic infections in sheep grazing on irrigated or on non-irrigated pastures in North-Eastern Spain.

The parasitic output in faeces was studied in five sheep farms of Zaragoza area (Spain) during three years. Two of them utilized irrigated pastures. The latter were characterized by a high prevalence of Dicrocoelium lanceolatum, Fasciola hepatica and Protostrongylids. Flood-irrigation did not interfere with digestive-tract strongyles and did not favour Moniezia sp. infection. The heterogeneity of the parasitic output was more intense on irrigated pastures.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1972

The development, clinical signs and economic losses of gastrointestinal parasitism in feeder cattle on irrigated and non-irrigated dikeland and upland pastures.

Investigations were carried out over three grazing seasons with parasitized and treated (control) steers on irrigated and non-irrigated upland and dikeland pastures. The stocking rate in each paddock was adjusted by either adding or removing animals so as to maintain as uniform a sward and rate of grazing as possible. Animals were weighed on and off the pastures and fortnightly during the grazing seasons. During the first grazing season clinically normal steers shedding low numbers of gastrointestinal worm eggs contaminated the parasite-free pastures sufficiently to give rise to large residual pasture infections and clinical parasitic gastroenteritis in grazing stock during the second grazing season. Worm burdens of 100,000 to 200,000 Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora were established in several steers showing marked clinical signs. In spite of treatments with high dosages of thiabendazole in attempts to keep worm burdens at a minimum, there was a slow but gradual buildup of pasture infections in the paddocks grazed by the control steers over the three year period. During the second and third grazing seasons there were significant differences in the daily rate of gain between the parasitized and control animals on both upland and dikeland pastures. The parasitized groups of steers had daily rates of gain ranging from 0.29 to 0.80 pounds less than their comparable control groups. Under Maritime conditions, irrigation did not have a consistent effect on weight gains and development of parasitism.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Prevention of irrigant absorption during TURP: continuous low-pressure irrigation.

Comparative studies have been carried out on bladder pressure. The pressure gradient between bladder and abdominal cavity during TURP proved to be significantly lower with continuous low-pressure irrigation than with conventional high-pressure irrigation. Absorption is reduced to a clinically insignificant rate, as shown by blood sugar determinations during TURP in 100 cases.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

The irrigating knife: an ultrasharp surgical blade with irrigating system.

We present an irrigating microsurgical knife for ocular surgery. Irrigation of balanced salt solution through the knife tip during sectioning removes hemorrhages continuously, allowing uninterrupted sectioning, without cauterization of bleeding vessels. The "zero degree" knife can be bent in any required position.

Acetates↗
PubMed1988

Whole bowel irrigation in pediatric patients: a comparison of irrigating solutions.

The effect of whole bowel irrigation (WBI) with a polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEG-ELS; 27 children) was compared to the WBI with two electrolytic solutions: normal saline with added potassium chloride (NS; 25 children) and Ringer's injection (RI; 29 children). The PEG-ELS required less volume and time, and did not cause the weight gain, hemodilution, and hyperchloremia associated with use of the electrolytic solutions. A balanced PEG-ELS is preferred in WBI of children.

Child↗
PubMed2005

[Impacts of petroleum-containing wastewater irrigation on microbial population and enzyme activities in paddy soil of Shenfu irrigation area].

The study showed that the upper reaches of main petroleum-containing wastewater irrigation channels had the highest accumulation and distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (5 213.37 mg x kg(-1) dry soil),and the CFU of soil bacteria and fungi was increased with increasing soil TPH concentration, the correlation coefficient being 0.928 (P < 0.001) and 0.772 (P < 0.05), respectively. The activities of soil dehydrogenase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase had a significantly positive correlation with soil TPH concentration, their correlation coefficient being 0.974 (P < 0.001), 0.957 (P < 0.001) and 0.886 (P < 0.001), respectively, while soil urease activity showed a significantly negative correlation (P = 0.002), which could be used as the most sensitive indicator of petroleum contamination. The substrate-induced respiration (SIR) of polluted soil was significantly correlated with soil TPH concentration (P < 0.001), dehydrogenase activity (P < 0.001), and heterotrophic bacterial CFU (P = 0.006).

Hydrocarbons↗