Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “IDAHO”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Seven new ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) field isolates from Dubois Idaho sheep comprise part of OPPV clade II based on surface envelope glycoprotein (SU) sequences.

Seven new ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) field isolates were derived from colostrum and milk of 10 naturally OPPV-infected sheep from the US Sheep Experiment Station in Dubois, Idaho, USA. Sixteen sequences of the surface envelope glycoprotein (SU) from these seven Dubois OPPV field isolates and SU sequence from OPPV WLC1 were obtained, aligned with published SRLV SU sequences, and analyzed using phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (PAUP). Percent nucleotide identity in SU was greater than 95.8% among clones from individual Dubois OPPVs and ranged from 85.5 to 93.8% between different Dubois OPPV clones. SU sequences from Dubois OPPVs and WLC1 OPPV had significantly higher percent nucleotide identity to SU sequences from the North American OPPVs (85/34 and S93) than caprine-arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEVs) or MVVs. PAUP analysis also showed that SU sequences from the Dubois OPPVs and OPPV WLC1 grouped with other North American OPPVs (85/34 and S93) with a bootstrap value of 100 and formed one OPPV clade II group. In addition, Dubois and WLC1 SU amino acid sequences had significantly higher identity to SU sequences from North American OPPVs than CAEV or MVV. These data indicate that the seven new Dubois OPPV field isolates along with WLC1 OPPV are part of the OPPV clade II and are distinct from CAEVs and MVVs.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A comparative assessment of Boise, Idaho, ambient air fine particle samples using the plate and microsuspension Salmonella mutagenicity assays.

The primary objective of this study is to characterize the genotoxic potential of the ambient air aerosols collected within an air shed impacted primarily by wood smoke and automotive emissions. The study also examines the relative merits of a microsuspension assay and the standard plate assay for monitoring the presence of airborne particle-bound mutagens. Wintertime ambient air particulate samples collected from Boise, Idaho, USA, were shown to contain extractable organic matter that is mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimurium microsuspension and plate-incorporation assays. Differences in the results from the primary sites, auxiliary sites and the background site demonstrate that the particle-bound mutagens are not evenly distributed within the air shed and are more associated with the location of sampling than with the time of sampling or the type of bioassay used to evaluate the samples. This study also demonstrates that the bioassay protocol used in such studies should depend upon the characteristics of the air shed's mutagens and the purpose of the study. For example, the microsuspension assay gave somewhat more variable results between samples but was approximately threefold more sensitive than the plate assay. When strain TA98 was used in the microsuspension assay, the mutagenic response was greater without an exogenous activation system. The reverse was true for the plate assay in which the use of an exogenous activation system increased the mutagenicity response. TA100 in the microsuspension assay provided results comparable to those with TA98. This is important because TA100 can also be used to bioassay semivolatile and volatile organics associated with ambient air mutagenicity. This, in turn, allows a comparison of the mutagenicity of organics collected by differing methods due to their volatility. Future studies should be directed toward correlation of mutagenicity results with other analytical results in order to further develop methods for better characterization of the genotoxicity of ambient air.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2003

Assessing remedial effectiveness through the blood lead:soil/dust lead relationship at the Bunker Hill Superfund Site in the Silver Valley of Idaho.

The 21 square mile Bunker Hill Superfund Site in northern Idaho includes several thousand acres of contaminated hillsides and floodplain, a 365-acre abandoned lead/zinc smelter and is home to more than 7000 people in 5 residential communities. Childhood lead poisoning was epidemic in the 1970s with >75% of children exceeding 40 microg/dl blood lead. Health response activities have been ongoing for three decades. In 1991, a blood lead goal of 95% of children with levels less than 10 microg/dl was adopted. The cleanup strategy, based on biokinetic pathways models, was to reduce house dust lead exposure through elimination of soil-borne sources. An interim health intervention program, that included monitoring blood lead and exposures levels, was instituted to reduce exposures through parental education during the cleanup. In 1989 and 2001, 56% and 3% of children, respectively, exceeded the blood lead criteria. More than 4000 paired blood lead/environmental exposure observations were collected during this period. Several analyses of these data were accomplished. Slope factors derived for the relationship between blood lead, soil and dust concentrations are age-dependent and similar to literature reported values. Repeat measures analysis assessing year to year changes found that the remediation effort (without intervention) had approximately a 7.5 microg/dl effect in reducing a 2-year-old child's mean blood lead level over the course of the last ten years. Those receiving intervention had an additional 2-15 microg/dl decrease. Structural equations models indicate that from 40 to 50% of the blood lead absorbed from soils and dusts is through house dust with approximately 30% directly from community-wide soils and 30% from the home yard and immediate neighborhood. Both mean blood lead levels and percent of children to exceed 10 microg/dl have paralleled soil/dust lead intake rates estimated from the pathways model. Application of the IEUBK model for lead indicates that recommended USEPA default parameters overestimate mean blood lead levels, although the magnitude of over-prediction is diminished in recent years. Application of the site-specific model, using the soil and dust partitions suggested in the pathways model and an effective bioavailability of 18%, accurately predicts mean blood lead levels and percent of children to exceed 10 microg/dl throughout the 11-year cleanup period. This reduced response rate application of the IEUBK is consistent with the analysis used to originally develop the cleanup criteria and indicates the blood lead goal will be achieved.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

Chemostratigraphy of predominantly siliciclastic Neoproterozoic successions: a case study of the Pocatello Formation and Lower Brigham Group, Idaho, USA

Isotopic chemostratigraphy has proven successful in the correlation of carbonate-rich Neoproterozoic successions. In successions dominated by siliciclastic rocks, chemostratigraphy can be problematic, but if thin carbonates punctuate siliciclastic strata, useful isotopic data may be obtained. The upper Pocatello Formation and lower Brigham Group of southeastern Idaho provide an opportunity to assess the potential and limitations of isotopic chemostratigraphy in overwhelmingly siliciclastic successions. The 5000 m thick succession consists predominantly of siliciclastic lithologies, with only three intervals that contain thin intercalated carbonates. Its depositional age is only broadly constrained by existing biostratigraphic, sequence stratigraphic and geochronometric data. The lowermost carbonates include a cap dolomite atop diamictites and volcanic rocks of the Pocatello Formation. The delta 13C values of these carbonates are distintly negative (-5 to -3), similar to carbonates that overlie Neoproterozoic glaciogenic rocks worldwide. Stratigraphically higher carbonates record a major positive delta 13C excursion to values as high as +8.8 within the carbonate member of the Caddy Canyon Quartzite. The magnitude of this excusion is consistent with post-Sturtian secular variation recorded elsewhere in the North American Cordillera, Australia, Svalbard, Brazil and Nambia, and exceeds the magnitude of any post-Varanger delta 13C excursion documented to date. In most samples, Sr-isotopic abundances have been altered by diagenesis and greenschist facies metamorphism, but a least-altered value of approximately 0.7076 supports a post-Sturtian and pre-Marinoan/Varanger age for upper Pocatello and lower Brigham rocks that lie above the Pocatello diamictite. Thus, even though available chemostratigraphic data are limited, they corroborate correlations of Pocatello Formation diamictites and overlying units with Sturtian glaciogenic rocks and immediately post-Sturtian successions in western North America and elsewhere.

Calcium Carbonate↗
PubMed2006

Metal(loid) diagenesis in mine-impacted sediments of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.

Mining activity along the South Fork of the Coeur d' Alene River in northern Idaho has resulted in fluvial mine tailings enriched in Pb, As, Ag, Sb, Hg, Cd, and Zn deposited on the lakebed of Lake Coeur d'Alene, thus serving as a potential benthic source of inorganic contaminants. Our objective was to characterize the dominant solid phase materials and diagenetic processes controlling metal(loid) solubilities, and thus their potential release to the overlying water column. Aqueous and solid concentrations of metal(loid) contaminants were examined along with distinct species of Fe and S within sediments and interstitial water. A gradient from oxic conditions at the sediment-water interface to anoxic conditions below 15 cm exists at all sites, resulting in a dynamic redox environment that controls the partitioning of contaminants. Fluvial deposition from frequent seasonal flood events bury ferric oxides residing at the sediment-water interface leading to reductive dissolution as they transition to the anoxic zone, consequently releasing associated metal(loids) to the interstitial water. Insufficient sulfur limits the formation of sulfidic minerals, but high carbonate content of this mining region buffers pH and promotes formation of siderite. Diagenetic reactions create chemical gradients encouraging the diffusion of metal(loids) toward the sediment--water interface, thereby, increasing the potential for release into the overlying water.

Arsenic↗
PubMed2002

Filamentous fungi quiescent in seeds and culm nodes of weedy and forage grass species endemic to the Palouse Region of Washington and Idaho.

Asymptomatic seeds of forage and weedy grasses from germplasm accessions and from uncultivated sites in eastern Washington and western Idaho were assayed for the presence of quiescent filamentous fungi. Asymptomatic culm nodes of the same species were similarly assayed. The predominant taxa isolated were strains of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, principally strains of Alternaria and Cladosporium. A. infectoria was the species most frequently isolated from seed. A. tenuissima was common and A. alternata was rare. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium were very rare or absent in stored germplasm. Pathogenic coelomycetes were common in asymptomatic node samples, occasionally present in asymptomatic field seed, but were not detected in germplasm accessions. Previous reports of frequent occurrence of A. alternata in grass seed are probably the results of misidentification of various small-spored Alternarias, especially A. infectoria, as A. alternata.

Fungi↗
PubMed2003

Dietary intake, eating behavior, and physical activity-related determinants of high body mass index in rural communities in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between body mass index (BMI) levels and various lifestyle variables related to physical activity and specific characteristics of a healthy eating pattern, using baseline cross-sectional data from the Wellness IN the Rockies project. SUBJECTS: A total of 928 males and 889 females, aged 18-99 y, recruited from six rural communities in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. MEASUREMENTS: Using BMI as the criterion, overweight was defined as a BMI >or=25 kg/m(2) and obesity was defined as a BMI >or=30 kg/m(2). All participants in this study completed a questionnaire that elicited sociodemographic information, self-reported height and weight, and data related to specific dietary intakes, eating-related behaviors, and physical activity behaviors and perceptions. RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight was 70% in men and 59% in women. Increased likelihood of overweight or obesity was associated with greater frequency of the following: drinking sweetened beverages such as soft drinks/soda pop, ordering supersized portions, eating while doing other activities, and watching television. Other predictors were lower frequency of participation in physical activity and the perception of not getting as much exercise as needed. CONCLUSIONS: The increased probability of having a high BMI in individuals who more often eat while doing another activity appears to be a novel finding that will need to be substantiated by additional research. The finding that the vast majority of overweight and obese respondents believed that they do not get as much exercise as needed strengthens the assertion that finding ways to increase participation in physical activity should remain a high priority in obesity prevention and intervention efforts at the community and individual levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Epidemiology of mycobacterial lymphadenitis in an Idaho swine herd.

A study of Mycobacterium avium infected swine in an Idaho herd was made to obtain information on morbidity and to evaluate some control measures. Of 867 pigs slaughtered during a 30-day period in May and June, 1974, 100 carcasses were condemned or passed for cooking and 406 carcasses had lesions in one lymph node and were passed without restriction. Mycobacteriologic examinations were made on 33 pigs which were tuberculin tested. Mycobacterium avium was isolated from 21 of 26 tuberculin positive pigs and from 4 to 7 tuberculin negative pigs. Lymphocyte stimulation tests were completed for 12 pigs. Positive results were observed in 11 and M. avium was isolated from 7. Mycobacterium avium serotypes 1,2,4,8, and 9 were identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Iodine-129 in waterfowl muscle from a radioactive leaching pond complex in southeastern Idaho.

Waterfowl were collected at radioactive leaching ponds, an adjacent sewage lagoon on the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory ( INEL ) and on nearby control areas to determine 129I / 127I (stable isotope) atom ratios in muscle tissue. Iodine-129/127 atom ratios in muscle tissue averaged about 1.6 X 10(-6) for wild waterfowl from the leaching pond, 1.6 X 10(-6) for waterfowl from the sewage pond, and 1.3 X 10(-6) for control samples. A group of wing-clipped waterfowl placed on the ponds for 2-156 days had average 129I / 127I atom ratios in muscle of 6.0 X 10(-6). Iodine-129/127 atom ratios in muscle were statistically higher (P less than 0.05) in the wing-clipped waterfowl than in control, sewage lagoon and wild waterfowl samples because of the extended period of time they spent on the ponds. Internal lifetime whole-body dose from 129I was estimated to be 1.0 X 10(-5) mrad for waterfowl from control areas and 3.0 X 10(-5) mrad for leaching pond waterfowl. The lifetime thyroid dose commitment to man consuming a wild duck from the leaching ponds was 1.3 X 10(-4) mrem. Liquid effluents disposed in the radioactive leaching ponds do not appear to cause an appreciable increase in 129I / 127I atom ratios in tissues of waterfowl using the ponds.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Radionuclide export by deer mice at a solid radioactive waste disposal area in southeastern Idaho.

Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs, 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am in deer mice tissues collected from a radioactive waste disposal area in southeastern Idaho were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than those from a control area. The highest concentrations of Pu and Am occurred in pelts of deer mice inhabiting an area which had elevated surface and subsurface soil concentrations of these nuclides as compared to other Subsurface Disposal Area locations. Therefore, transuranic contamination in tissues likely originated from both soil depths. However, 137Cs and 90Sr in tissues likely originated from subsurface areas, since surface soils were below background concentrations for these nuclides. Based on a minimum of 6160 deer mice inhabiting the 36-ha waste disposal area over a 1-yr period, a total minimum inventory of 22.8 mu Ci radioactivity was contained in deer mice tissues. Of this estimate, 22.7 mu Ci activity was due to the radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs. An estimated total of 8.4 mu Ci was transported from the disposal area in mice dispersing from the area. A calculated annual radionuclide inventory of 28.8 mu Ci in deer mice feces was deposited in and around the radioactive waste disposal area. Deer mice inhabiting the SDA are a mode of radionuclide uptake and transport; however, the environmental consequences of this transport mechanism are likely minimal. The results for deer mice, which make up 69% of the small mammal biomass, are discussed in relation to other small mammals within the disposal area. Other modes of transport associated with the deer mice, such as radionuclides in excavated soils associated with burrowing activities and predation, are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Plutonium, Am, Cm and Sr in ducks maintained on radioactive leaching ponds in southeastern Idaho.

Concentrations of 90Sr, 238Pu, 239,240Pu, 241Am, 242Cm and 244Cm were determined in tissues of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) maintained for 43-145 d on radioactive leaching ponds in southeastern Idaho. Highest concentrations of transuranics occurred in the gastrointestinal tract, followed closely by feathers. Approximately 75%, 18%, 6% and 1% of the total transuranic activity in tissues analyzed were associated with the bone, feathers, GI tract and liver, respectively. Concentrations in GI tracts were similar to concentrations in vegetation and insects in the littoral area of the ponds. The calculated total dose rate to the ducks from both 90Sr and the transuranic nuclides was 0.69 mGy d-1 (69 mrad d-1), of which 99% was to the bone. The potential effective dose equivalent to a human consuming the entire muscle and liver mass of one experimental duck with average nuclide concentrations was 0.46 microSv (0.046 mrem). Based upon average concentrations in experimental ducks and on surveys of wild waterfowl using this area, a conservative estimate of transuranic activity exported by wild ducks using the ponds during one year was 11.3 kBq (305 nCi). Similarly, the total amount of 90Sr exported in muscle, bone and lung of wild ducks in one year was 2.5 MBq (68.7 microCi).

Americium↗
PubMed1994

Benchmarking of the CAP-88 and GENII computer codes using 1990 and 1991 monitored atmospheric releases from the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory.

The CAP-88 environmental radiological assessment computer code was benchmark tested to establish confidence in its results. The results from CAP-88 were compared to the results from the GENII computer code, which has undergone rigorous testing. The codes were benchmarked using 1990 and 1991 monitored atmospheric releases from Idaho National Engineering Laboratory facilities and the results (the effective dose equivalent to the maximally exposed offsite individual) were quantitatively compared using a metric based on the uncertainty in the Gaussian plume model and terrestrial transport models. The results of the benchmark tests were within the 95% acceptance region specified in the test protocol. CAP-88 was found to overpredict effective dose equivalent relative to GENII for elevated releases, largely because CAP-88 calculates a larger atmospheric dispersion factor (chi/Q) than does GENII using the same meteorological data. However, CAP-88 consistently underpredicted effective dose equivalent relative to GENII for ground-level releases. This was because CAP-88 accounts for the processes of plume depletion by dry and wet deposition while GENII does not account for these processes. The effect of depletion was tested and found to be most important for a ground-level release of a highly depositing species such as radioiodine which implies that acceptable benchmark results would be difficult to obtain for a highly dopositing species.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2003

TRU waste absorbent addition project at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory.

ABSTRACT In order to meet a commitment to ship 3,100 m3 of transuranic waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) developed a process to add absorbent to TRU waste drums that did not meet WIPP waste acceptance criteria. The development, implementation, and safe completion of this project contributed to the INEEL's success in meeting the commitment three months early.

Idaho↗
PubMed2004

Associations between classroom CO2 concentrations and student attendance in Washington and Idaho.

UNLABELLED: Student attendance in American public schools is a critical factor in securing limited operational funding. Student and teacher attendance influence academic performance. Limited data exist on indoor air and environmental quality (IEQ) in schools, and how IEQ affects attendance, health, or performance. This study explored the association of student absence with measures of indoor minus outdoor carbon dioxide concentration (dCO(2)). Absence and dCO(2) data were collected from 409 traditional and 25 portable classrooms from 22 schools located in six school districts in the states of Washington and Idaho. Study classrooms had individual heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, except two classrooms without mechanical ventilation. Classroom attributes, student attendance and school-level ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) were included in multivariate modeling. Forty-five percent of classrooms studied had short-term indoor CO(2) concentrations above 1000 p.p.m. A 1000 p.p.m. increase in dCO(2) was associated (P < 0.05) with a 0.5-0.9% decrease in annual average daily attendance (ADA), corresponding to a relative 10-20% increase in student absence. Annual ADA was 2% higher (P < 0.0001) in traditional than in portable classrooms. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study provides motivation for larger school studies to investigate associations of student attendance, and occupant health and student performance, with longer term indoor minus outdoor CO(2) concentrations and more accurately measured ventilation rates. If our findings are confirmed, improving classroom ventilation should be considered a practical means of reducing student absence. Adequate or enhanced ventilation may be achieved, for example, with educational training programs for teachers and facilities staff on ventilation system operation and maintenance. Also, technological interventions such as improved automated control systems could provide continuous ventilation during occupied times, regardless of occupant thermal comfort demands.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1998

Health practices of educators participating in an Idaho wellness conference: one year follow-up.

The Great Potato Health Conference (GPHC), which convenes annually in Idaho, is one of more than 25 statewide wellness conferences for K-12 school personnel. This follow-up study assessed the health practices of conference participants one year following the GPHC. A 25-item health behavior instrument was administered to 68 school district personnel prior to attending the GPHC and again three months, six months, and one year following the conference. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures one-way factorial analysis of variance to test for differences in the health practices of participants over time. Results indicated statistically significant main effects for both previous conference attendance and time of measurement. No statistically significant interaction effect occurred between previous conference attendance and time of measurement.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Veterinarian perception of the intentional misuse of veterinary medications in humans: a preliminary survey of Idaho-licensed practitioners.

The intentional administration of veterinary medications to humans is a form of medication misuse that has not been systematically studied. Veterinarians are the health practitioner group most likely to have knowledge about this problem and to be approached by the public for advice. For this preliminary study, questionnaires were mailed to 1,077 veterinarians registered with the Idaho Board of Veterinary Medicine regarding their knowledge and perceptions of this type of misuse; 392 (36.4%) completed surveys were returned. The most frequently reported veterinary medications misused in humans were analgesic, anti-inflammatory medications, anti-arthritis medications, or both; systemic antibiotics, topical anti-infectives; and topical corticosteroids. People involved with rodeo, horse racing, and health care; rural area residents; and those lacking health insurance were perceived to be the groups most likely to misuse veterinary drugs. Veterinarians rated the following as likely reasons for misuse: having an independent self-sufficient attitude, convenient availability of veterinary medications, lower cost, and belief that veterinary medications are stronger than comparable human medications. Human misuse of veterinary drugs may be more common than many health practitioners realize. Limitations of this study include the response rate, sampling of veterinarians licensed in only one rural state, and reliance on veterinarians' recall of relevant instances of misuse and their perceptions of groups most likely to misuse these drugs and why. These limitations make it difficult to determine if the problem is being under- or over-represented relative to the general population. However, regardless of the magnitude of the problem in the rural population, the general population, or both, the potential for harm is great. Patients with risk factors for this form of misuse should be questioned by their physician in a nonthreatening manner to detect use of veterinary medications and to provide an opportunity to inform them of the risks.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2000

Evidence for microbial Fe(III) reduction in anoxic, mining-impacted lake sediments (Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho).

Mining-impacted sediments of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, contain more than 10% metals on a dry weight basis, approximately 80% of which is iron. Since iron (hydr)oxides adsorb toxic, ore-associated elements, such as arsenic, iron (hydr)oxide reduction may in part control the mobility and bioavailability of these elements. Geochemical and microbiological data were collected to examine the ecological role of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria in this habitat. The concentration of mild-acid-extractable Fe(II) increased with sediment depth up to 50 g kg(-1), suggesting that iron reduction has occurred recently. The maximum concentrations of dissolved Fe(II) in interstitial water (41 mg liter(-1)) occurred 10 to 15 cm beneath the sediment-water interface, suggesting that sulfidogenesis may not be the predominant terminal electron-accepting process in this environment and that dissolved Fe(II) arises from biological reductive dissolution of iron (hydr)oxides. The concentration of sedimentary magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)), a common product of bacterial Fe(III) hydroxide reduction, was as much as 15.5 g kg(-1). Most-probable-number enrichment cultures revealed that the mean density of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria was 8.3 x 10(5) cells g (dry weight) of sediment(-1). Two new strains of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria were isolated from surface sediments. Collectively, the results of this study support the hypothesis that dissimilatory reduction of iron has been and continues to be an important biogeochemical process in the environment examined.

Culture Media↗
PubMed2006

Using participatory research to build an effective type 2 diabetes intervention: the process of advocacy among female Hispanic farmworkers and their families in Southeast Idaho.

The Formando Nuestro Futuro/Shaping our Future project (herewith, Formando) is a community-based participative research (CBPR) focused on type 2 diabetes. It was conceptualized and designed by a team of university-based researchers and community health workers (promotores). This article describes the process of establishing a CBPR project such as Formando and the most current results from that project. The Formando project is an example of health-focused advocacy with the Mexican agricultural workers in Southeast (SE) Idaho. To date, 172 qualitative interviews on participants' knowledge about type 2 diabetes have been carried out with farmworker women and their families. Biometric data (heights, weights, blood pressures and fasting blood glucoses) were obtained from participants. Fieldnotes, focus group discussions and key informants were used to triangulate findings. Significant quantitative findings include that age was significantly associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.001, Spearman Correlation < 0.001) and with elevated fasting blood glucose (p < 0.001, Spearman Correlation < 0.001). The qualitative interviews were thematically analyzed. Key themes associated with type 2 diabetes in this community were the connection between thinness and vanity, dieting and starvation and the onset of diabetes as a result of, what social scientists call, structural violence within the immigrants' daily lives. We conclude that long-term commitment to using the CBPR approach in these Mexican agricultural communities is an effective way to engage in health research and to establish real and meaningful dialogue with community members.

Adult↗