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Results for “Hyoid Bone”

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PubMed1992

[A cinefluorographic study of hyoid bone movement during deglutition].

A quantitative study was performed to analyze movement of the hyoid bone on swallowing in 71 patients with pharyngo-laryngeal neurosis (44 males, 27 females), who had no abnormal findings either morphologically or functionally. The lateral X-ray cine (30 frames/sec) was taken while the patients swallowed the contrast medium in the upright position, and precise movement of the hyoid bone was examined using a motion analyzer. The movement was divided into 5 phases; initial slow elevation from the resting position (1st elevation phase), then a quick upwards shift to the highest position (2nd elevation phase), where the hyoid bone remained temporarily (static phase), followed by rapid and slow descending shifts towards the resting position (1st and 2nd descending phase, respectively). The resting position of the hyoid bone is significantly lower in males than in females and it seemed to get lower with age in both sex. When compared to the younger group (age 10-30), the older group (age 60-70) had significantly more distance and longer duration of deglutition in the 1st elevation phase, whereas the 2nd elevation phase did not differ among the age group. The results of this study indicate that prolongation of the time and distance of the 1st elevation phase are more significant in the older group, which may well explain the cause of delayed of deglutition.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vertical hyoid bone displacement and fundamental frequency of phonation.

Vertical displacement of the hyoid bone as well as its effects on F0 were studied using five excised human larynges. Cranial force introduced to the hyoid bone caused a widening of the vestibule of the larynx, enlargement of the laryngeal ventricles, abduction of the ventricular folds, heightening of the epiglottis and slight abduction of the vocal folds. The displacement (X +/- SD) of the anterior part (corpus) of the bone was 8.0 +/- 5.2 mm and of the posterior part, 22.2 +/- 6.1 mm with a 10 N force. The difference was statistically significant and was found to depend mainly on the tight middle hyothyroid ligament. The cranial force displacing the hyoid bone invariably showed a positive relationship with F0. The F0 changes were statistically significant but relatively small (X +/- SD): 8 +/- 8.4 Hz (about 10%) with an intact hyothyroid ligament. When the subglottal pressure was low, a change in the vibratory pattern of the vocal folds was found in several specimens. The F0 changes found in the present study are too small to explain alone the differences in the so-called intrinsic F0 of vowels. However, they are believed to contribute to this phenomenon.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1995

The relationship between presurgical hyoid bone position and 1-year postsurgical change in mandibular position following mandibular advancement surgery.

The presurgical hyoid bone position and its relationship to changes in the position of the mandible 1 year following mandibular advancement surgery was studied. Thirty-eight adult patients with mandibular deficiency underwent surgical correction with a bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy procedure and rigid fixation. Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken presurgically, 1 week postsurgically, and approximately 1 year postsurgically were hand traced and digitized. Horizontal and vertical measurements, made from the landmarks hyoidale and pogonion to a vertical reference line perpendicular to sellanasion line + 7 degrees and passing through basion point, were used to determine the position of the hyoid bone and the mandible, respectively. The presurgical hyoid bone position and the amount of postsurgical change in position of the mandible were compared using the Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). Results of this study indicate that no statistically significant correlation exists between the presurgical hyoid bone position and the degree of mandibular change 1 year following mandibular advancement surgery (P < .05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Biomechanical investigation of the hyoid bone using speckle interferometry.

Speckle interferometry is a non-destructive measurement technique using a laser. The principles of the method are described. Human hyoid bones (n = 10) were investigated. Loads were applied to individual points on the anterior surface of the body of hyoid bones. All hyoid bones showed an asymmetric displacement. The displacement was greatest in a plane vertical to the load. An evaluation of fracture behavior is possible due to the displacement pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Problem neck, hyoid bone, and submental myotomy.

Despite significant attention to the cervical region over the last two decades, the hyoid bone has not received deserved recognition. In this report, the anatomy and role of the hyoid bone and suprahyoid muscles in cervicomental morphology are reviewed. From an analysis of cephaloxerograms on 54 patients, it was concluded that on a balanced neck, the most caudal border of the hyoid body is located at or above a line parallel to the Frankfort horizontal line passing through the most caudal border of the mandibular symphysis (menton). Of the muscles that control the position of the hyoid bone, the anterior belly of the diagastric, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles pull the hyoid bone cephalad and anteriorly. The stylohyoid muscles, on the other hand, pull this bone cephalad and posteriorly, while the sternohyoid and omohyoid muscles pull it caudally. Transection of the first three muscles at their attachment to the posterior aspect of the mandible in patients with dysmorphic necks due to caudal and anterior hyoid position will allow posterior and cephalad relocation of this bone, which improves the neck contour. Sixteen patients, with an average follow-up of 27 months, have undergone this procedure, with cervicomental contour improvement in all cases. The degree of improvement ranged from 1 to 5 (5 being excellent): One patient was ranked 1, two patients were ranked 2, two patients were ranked 3, and the rest were ranked 4 or 5. One patient had overcorrection as a result of an aggressive concomitant submental lipectomy. Another patient had central depression in the submental area. None of the patients had difficulties with mandibular movement or swallowing.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Hyoid bone position after surgical mandibular advancement.

A cephalometric evaluation of the changes in the horizontal and vertical placement of the hyoid bone and of those in the position of the head over the cervical spine after surgical mandibular advancement was undertaken. Seven linear and one angular measurement were investigated in 60 patients, 17 males and 43 females, before and one year after surgical mandibular advancement. The hyoid bone moved forwards horizontally in 78 per cent of the subjects, backwards in 17 per cent, and in 5 per cent of patients it retained its pre-operative position. It moved vertically downwards in 32 per cent of subjects, and in 63 per cent it moved upwards and closer to the body of mandible. The amount of horizontal and vertical change of the hyoid bone was associated with the corresponding change of the mandible after surgery. The vertical change was more distinct in females compared with males. There was variation in the position of the head over the cervical spine; it showed extension in 26.7 per cent of the sample, flexion in 71.7 per cent, and remained the same in only 1.6 per cent after surgery. The results show that with surgical mandibular advancement the hyoid bone follows mainly the advancement of the mandible and moves closer to the body of the mandible. However, there are variations in the changes of hyoid bone and head position that are difficult to predict.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The hyoid bone in malay infants with cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE: To compare morphological and positional variations of the hyoid bone in unoperated infants with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) with those in noncleft infants. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross sectional. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional computed tomography scans were obtained from 29 unoperated CL/P infants of Malay origin aged between 0 and 12 months and from 12 noncleft infants in the same age range. Observations were made and measurements were obtained with a software package developed at the Australian Craniofacial Unit. The sizes of the hyoid bones and the position of the hyoid body and epiglottis in relation to the cervical spine were measured. Anatomical anomalies of the hyoid and prevalence of aspiration pneumonia were also documented. RESULTS: The hyoid bones and epiglottis were found to be located more inferiorly in CL/P infants compared with the noncleft infants. Also, 17% (5/29) of the CL/P infants had nonossified hyoid bodies. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that there are differences in the location and genesis of the hyoid bone in infants with CL/P that warrant further investigation.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2005

Does head posture have a significant effect on the hyoid bone position and sternocleidomastoid electromyographic activity in young adults?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between head posture (head extension, normal head posture, and head flexion) and anteroposterior head position, hyoid bone position, and the sternocleidomastoid integrated electromyographic (IEMG) activity in a sample of young adults. The study included 50 individuals with natural dentition and bilateral molar support. A lateral craniocervical radiograph was taken for each subject and a cephalometric analysis was performed. Head posture was measured by means of the craniovertebral angle formed by the MacGregor plane and the odontoid plane. According to the value of this angle, the sample was divided into the following three groups: head extension (less than 95 degrees); normal head posture (between 95 degrees and 106 degrees); and head flexion (more than 106 degrees). The following cephalometric measurements were taken to compare the three groups: anteroposterior head position (true vertical plane/pterygoid distance), anteroposterior hyoid bone position (true vertical plane-Ha distance), vertical hyoid bone position (H-H' distance in the hyoid triangle), and CO-C2 distance. In the three groups, IEMG recordings at rest and during swallowing of saliva and maximal voluntary clenching were performed by placing bipolar surface electrodes on the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles. In addition, the condition with/without craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) in each group was also assessed. Head posture showed no significant association with anteroposterior head position, anteroposterior hyoid bone position, vertical hyoid bone position, or sternocleidomastoid IEMG activity. There was no association to head posture with/without the condition of CMD. Clinical relevance of the results is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Positional changes of hyoid bone and cranio-cervical posture following class III orthopedic treatment.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate hyoid changes after skeletal class III therapy and, particularly, after chin-cup and Delaire face mask treatment. METHODS: This analysis was carried out by taking pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) lateral cephalometric radiographs of 30 patients (18 males and 12 females) with craniofacial skeletal class III cephalometrics traits; their age, at the time of starting treatment, ranged from 9 years to 13 years and 2 months, with an average of 11.02+/-1.23. RESULTS: In the 2 samples there were highly significant differences for H-H1 (P<0.01), C3-H and hyoid angle, which mean an inferior hyoid bone position with a decrease of distance between mandibula, vertebral column and hyoid bone. Postural items showed a highly significant posterior inclination of the cervical vertebral column; in chin-cup subjects there was a hypoextension of the head. CONCLUSIONS: The inferior position of the hyoid bone, in both the samples examined, and the hypoextension of the head, could point out the function of hyoid bone as an ''organ of respiration'' , since the variation of its position, as a sign of a new muscular equilibrium, should help to maintain the patency of the upper airways.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Hyoid bone position and orientation in Class I and Class III malocclusions.

Various studies have documented a variability of hyoid bone position in relation to changed mandibular position or head posture. The aim of this study was to investigate the hyoid bone position and inclination on the cephalometric radiographs of two groups of patients exhibiting Class I and Class III malocclusions. The radiographs were taken in both centric occlusion and wide-opened mandibular position, and 17 measurements were performed on both tracings. The findings reveal a statistically significant difference in the position and inclination of the hyoid bone in the two groups; Class III patients, especially the boys, show a more anterior position of the hyoid bone and also a reverse inclination. This might have an implication on the function of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles and thus on the direction of mandibular growth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of normal and abnormal hyoid bone movement during swallowing by use of ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging.

We developed a new method to analyze normal and abnormal movements of the hyoid muscular region as an indicator of hyoid bone motion during swallowing using ultrasound duplex-Doppler imaging. Hyoid bone motion can be monitored by studying the Doppler shift spectra and B-mode images produced by ultrasound duplex imaging of the hyoid region muscular attachments. We can accurately determine swallowing duration and trajectory of hyoid bone movement. This procedure can assist in discriminating between normal and abnormal movements of the hyoid bone and the surrounding muscles during swallowing. This method appears to be a highly consistent measure. We suggest that Doppler spectrum analysis can be used for defining hyoid position and displaying accurate movement, which may be useful in the diagnosis of swallowing disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Fracture of the hyoid bone associated with a mandibular fracture.

A fracture of the hyoid bone in association with a mandibular fracture in a 29-year-old man is reported. The literature pertaining to this rare injury is reviewed and the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of fractures of the hyoid bone are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The hyoid bone syndrome.

Various causes of head and neck pain have been described in the literature. In 1954 Brown described a so-called hyoid bone syndrome, ie, tenderness at the site of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone. His paper, however, did not offer any definitive treatment. In 1968 Steinmann reported the hyoid bone syndrome as a form of "insertion tendinois," for which he recommended the use of procaine hydrochloride injection with corticosteroid at the tip of the greater hyoid cornu for relief of pain. The relief, however, was temporary. The purpose of this paper is to present the symptom complex of the hyoid bone syndrome, its diagnosis by exclusion, and excision of the greater cornu in 18 patients for permanent relief of head and neck pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Position of the hyoid bone in cleft lip, alveolus, and palate: variation of normal anatomy or sign accompanying the malformation?

OBJECTIVE: To compare the hyoid bone position in patients with clefts of lip, alveolus, and palate with orthodontic patients with no cleft. DESIGN: Retrospective cephalometric long-term study. PATIENTS: Lateral cephalograms of 23 patients with a complete unilateral cleft were compared with those of 24 orthodontic patients with no cleft with an Angle class 1 occlusion. Twenty-five of the patients were girls, and 22 were boys. The age of the patients with cleft at the beginning of the study was 8.1 +/- 0.7 years and at the end 14.8 +/- 0.6 years. The patients without cleft were 8.4 +/- 0.8 years old at the beginning and 14.4 +/- 0.6 years at the end of the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cephalometric analysis was used to determine the skull growth pattern as well as the positions of the head and hyoid bone twice in all 47 persons. RESULTS: With increasing age of the patients, the skull growth pattern changed from vertical to horizontal growth, but no significant differences were found between patients with and without cleft. Head position did not differ significantly between patients with and without cleft. However, hyoid bone position differed significantly. The hyoid in patients with cleft was located more caudally and more anteriorly than in patients without cleft. CONCLUSION: The hyoid bone in a subset of north German adolescents with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate was found to be caudal and anterior, compared with a control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[The hyoid bone and its preservation in the framework of supraglottic partial resection of the larynx].

BACKGROUND: Whether to remove the hyoid bone as part of the horizontal partial laryngectomy is a question which is discussed controversially. Pathohistological examination of the region involved should help to answer this question. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Regarding the involvement of the hyoid bone, 71 surgical specimens of supraglottic carcinoma invading the pre-epiglottic space were studied by whole-organ serial sections. RESULTS: Only four specimens demonstrated mandatory resection of the hyoid bone because of its proximity to the advancing border of the tumor. In these cases, large tumor masses were palpable directly under the thyrohyoid membrane after the strap muscles had been dissected during the operation. DISCUSSION: Except for these rare cases in which the tumor was already palpable from outside the larynx, preservation of the hyoid bone during horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy is oncologically safe. It provides a more secure closure of the pharyngotomy and promotes earlier return of the swallowing function because of the maintenance of the normal position of the larynx and pharynx.

Deglutition↗
PubMed1984

The hyoid bone position in mouth breathers and tongue-thrusters.

In 1981 Bibby and Preston commented on the uniqueness of the anatomic relationships of the hyoid bone, notably that it was not fixed in space by bony articulations. This fact alone makes it a potential indicator of certain individual features of importance in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. This study investigates the effect of mouth breathing and tongue-thrusting on the hyoid bone position by means of the hyoid triangle analysis. Three groups of eighteen subjects formed the sample, one group of mouth breathers, one group of tongue-thrusters, and a control group of subjects who exhibited neither of these. Preorthodontic lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken, and the position of the hyoid bone was analyzed from these. The groups were compared statistically by means of t tests and showed no statistically significant difference. These results show that the hyoid bone has a stable position and is independent of any posture alterations due to tongue-thrusting or mouth breathing.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1998

Thyroglossal duct remnant penetrating the hyoid bone--a case report.

Examination of the thyroglossal duct (TGD) in a senile patient with a thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC), as well as in children, is very valuable in understanding the pathology of TGDC. The precise anatomy of TGDC was studied in a specimen obtained from a 59-year-old man using three-dimensional reconstruction. The authors found the TGD penetrated the hyoid bone. This pathological evidence has not previously appeared in the literature. Penetration of the hyoid bone by the TGD is the result of a forward growth of the hyoid bone after development of a TGD, which had appeared ventral to the hyoid bone. In this gradual forward growth, the hyoid bone had first started to press against, before eventually engulfing, the TGD.

Bone Diseases↗