The quantitative estimation of urinary 3 -methoxy- 4 -hydroxy phenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid).
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Adult↗
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A discussion of the modes of action of drugs which increase the concentration of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid) in the striatum of the mouse.
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Alkaloids↗
[The excretion of vanilmandelic acid, vanillic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid by urine in smokers and non-smokers].
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Benzoates↗
The quantitative determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid) in urine.
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Dopamine↗
Reduced CSF concentrations of homovanillic acid and homovanillic acid to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ratios in depressed patients: relationship to suicidal behavior and dexamethasone nonsuppression.
Depressed patients who had attempted suicide (N = 19) had significantly lower CSF homovanillic acid (HVA) levels than patients who had not attempted suicide (N = 8) and control subjects (N = 41). Intergroup levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were not significantly different. The ratio of CSF HVA to CSF 5-HIAA was significantly lower in both patient groups than in control subjects, and patients who had attempted suicide had CSF HVA/5-HIAA ratios that were nearly 50% those of the control subjects. The combinations of nonsuppression on the dexamethasone suppression test and either a low CSF HVA level or a low CSF HVA/5-HIAA ratio were significantly more common among patients who had attempted suicide than among those who had not.
Adult↗
High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of free norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid.
A procedure is described for the concurrent assay of free norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in physiological fluids using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The column packing is an octadecyl-bonded silica. A single mobile phase containing 1-octanesulphonate is used for the assay of catecholamines and for the assay of the acidic metabolites. An efficient sample preparation scheme is presented for the isolation of the catecholamines and their acidic metabolites from the same sample aliquot. Catecholamines are extracted by ion exchange on small columns and adsorption on alumina, using dihydroxybenzylamine as an internal standard. Vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid are recovered from the combined loading and washing effluents of the ion-exchange column by a solvent extraction procedure. Recovery of catecholamines averages 67%. The limit of detection for individual catecholamines is ca. 30 pg. Recoveries of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid average 77% and 87%, respectively. The use of the same mobile phase for the concurrent assay of catecholamines and their acidic metabolites considerably increases the throughput of samples in the chromatographic system by eliminating the time-consuming column-equilibration periods.
Adolescent↗
Cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in the pediatric opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.
To study the purported role of central monoamine disturbances in the pathophysiology of the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid were measured in cerebrospinal fluid samples from 27 affected children and 47 age- and gender-matched control subjects by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were approximately 30 to 40% lower in opsoclonus-myoclonus patients compared to control subjects, and the normal inverse correlation between age and monoamine metabolite concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of control subjects was not found in opsoclonus-myoclonus patients. Patients with the lowest values were less than 4 years old, and a subgroup had extremely low levels, but differences in older children were not significant. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid were more positively correlated in control subjects than in opsoclonus-myoclonus patients. None of the patients exhibited high levels of monoamine metabolites. Homovanillic acid levels were slightly lower in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients receiving corticotropin or steroids at the time of lumbar puncture. Clinical variables that could be excluded were paraneoplastic etiology, anesthetic for lumbar puncture, syndrome duration, age at onset, gender, response to steroids, length of time until initiation of corticotropin or steroids, presence of seizures, opsoclonus, and functional impairment. These data suggest a disturbance and possible altered ontogeny of serotonin or dopamine neurotransmission in a subpopulation of children with opsoclonus-myoclonus with low cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Urinary levels of vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid determined by high-speed liquid chromatography.
High-speed liquid chromatographic determinations of vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in human urine have been made. The effects of taking refreshments on the assay were examined. HVA conjugates in urine also were hydrolyzed and determined. Urinary excretion of vanilmandelic acid, free and conjugated homovanillic acid in normal subjects and patients with neuroblastoma, phaeochromosytoma and Sipple's syndrome were determined and discussed. Urinary excretion values (mean +/- 1 S.D.) of vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in 14 normal subjects were 2.0 +/- 0.7 mg/day and 4.0 +/- 1.0 mg/day, respectively.
Adult↗
Determination of urinary vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid by high performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection.
A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of urinary vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid, which included a two step prepurification and a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. Conditions were evaluated for performing measurements with the amperometric detector free from electric interference. The method was linear between 2.5 and 100 mumol/l vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid with good precision (CV always less than 10%). The correlation between the present determination of vanilmandelic acid and the procedure of Pisano et al. ((1962) Clin. Chim. Acta 7, 285-291) was very good (r = 0.931). No interfering substances could be detected.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Simultaneous determination of serotonin, 5-hydroxindoleacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
A rapid and highly sensitive procedure for simultaneous determination of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid is described. After precipitation of proteins with perchloric acid the samples are applied directly to a high performance liquid chromatograph, with electrochemical detection. As little as 20 pg of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 200 pg of homovanillic acid can be detected. One chromatographic run requires less than 10 min.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
Simultaneous determination by GC-MS-SIM of o-, m-, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3:4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in biological samples using a common selected ion.
A GC-MS-SIM method is described for the simultaneous determination of five acid metabolites, o-, m-, and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3:4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in biological samples using a common selected ion for all the acids. The TMS ethers of methyl or ethyl esters of these compounds have a common ion at m/e 179 which is used for their quantitation by selected ion monitoring. The molecular ion at m/e 238 of the three monohydroxy phenylacetic acids, which is also the M-30 ion for homovanillic acid, is also used for their quantitation. The GC conditions for their separation, the relative sensitivities and some advantages of TMS ethers over other derivatives are described. The application of this method to biological samples is illustrated by data on human urine and plasma.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
Buspirone treatment of alcoholism: age of onset, and cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations, but not medication treatment, predict return to drinking.
Disturbances in central nervous system serotonin (5-HT) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of alcoholism. To test the hypothesis that increasing 5-HT function could promote treatment compliance, we randomized patients who had completed a 5-week inpatient treatment program for alcoholism to receive either buspirone or placebo for 1 year. Ten of the 49 patients remained in the study for the entire year. The days to relapse did not differ significantly between patients receiving buspirone or placebo. Regardless of the medication, late-onset alcoholics had a longer time to relapse than early-onset alcoholics. Cerebrospinal fluid showed that patients with high concentrations of both the 5-HT metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid, were more likely to relapse, compared with patients with low concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid.
Adult↗
Effects of d-coclaurine and d-reticuline, benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, on levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in the mouse striatum.
An intracerebroventricular injection of d-coclaurine (50 micrograms), a benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Magnolia salicifolia, produced a slight increase in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid level and a significant increase in homovanillic acid level in the mouse striatum. Another alkaloid d-reticuline (200 micrograms) increased only homovanillic acid level. An intracerebroventricular pretreatment with d-coclaurine (50 micrograms) did not antagonize suppressive effect of apomorphine on l-dopa formation produced by gamma-butyrolactone (750 mg/kg i.p.) plus aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, NSD-1015 (100 mg/kg i.p.). These results suggest that d-coclaurine blocks postsynaptic but not presynaptic dopamine receptors in the mouse striatum.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the concurrent determination of the amine metabolites vanillylmandelic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in urine using electrochemical detection.
A simple method for the concurrent analysis of the noradrenaline metabolites vanillylmandelic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, the dopamine metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human urine is described. Following organic extraction of the metabolites from acidified urine, they are separated by single-step gradient elution high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase column. Detection and quantification are achieved with an electrochemical detector using a carbon-paste electrode; samples can be injected at 40-min intervals. Optimisation of analytical parameters is described, and examples of the application of the method in the fields of clinical chemistry and clinical neuroscience are given. This provides a convenient method for the concurrent study of the metabolism of three major biogenic amines, and is readily adaptable for studies on cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
Simple and fast chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in human urine.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid is described. The method is fast despite the great polarity differences between the two acids. Moreover the sample pretreatment is quick and it does not need complex or expensive equipment. The only requirement is the disposition of two pumps (or at least two eluent reservoirs) operated alternatively by means of a switching valve placed before the injection device. This makes the method available for most routine laboratories.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Determination of vanillylmandelic acid, vanillactic acid, and homovanillic acid in dried urine on filter-paper discs by high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection for neuroblastoma screening.
We report a method for determination of vanillylmandelic acid, vanillactic acid, and homovanillic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with coulometric electrochemical detection, for mass screening of neuroblastoma. Urine samples were collected on filter paper, dried, and then pretreated. The chromatographic procedure is reliable and fast, allowing for a large sample throughput for routine screening. Intricate extraction procedures and centrifugal separation are unnecessary. Screening for neuroblastoma by HPLC is rapidly gaining acceptance in Japan, and our method is being used at many screening centers. Of 26,571 infants screened in one year in Yokohama City, our method detected five with neuroblastoma.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Simple liquid-chromatographic measurement of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in urine on filter paper for mass screening of neuroblastoma in infants.
We describe a simple and rapid method for measuring catecholamine metabolites in urine collected on filter paper. By this method, "high-performance" liquid chromatography, urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid can be measured within 15 min after being eluted from filter paper treated with tartrate buffer. One hundred urine samples can be pretreated within 2 h and 100-120 samples analyzed at 18-min intervals overnight in two chromatographic systems. Moreover, urinary creatinine also can be measured rapidly because of the use of microtiter plates. We applied this method in a mass screening program for early detection of neuroblastoma in infants. Between April 1986 and March 1987, two patients with neuroblastoma were detected. In all, neuroblastoma has been detected in 17 of 88,887 infants so examined since April 1981.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
Urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid levels in randomly-sampled urine for the mass screening of neuroblastoma.
Employing 421 urine samples taken randomly from normal infants and 294 samples from infants with neuroblastoma, we investigated the application of values of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and square root of VMA2 + HVA2 to discriminate between patients and normal infants. The establishment of an HVA cut-off level is virtually impossible because of its low sensitivity. In contrast, VMA sensitivity is high, and that of square root of VMA2 + HVA2 is very similar to that of VMA although it includes HVA. Although VMA appears to be able to discriminate well, discrimination employing VMA alone would be dangerous because cases with normal VMA and abnormal HVA would be missed, especially in the first screening for which a mechanical discrimination is performed. Overlooking such cases can be avoided by the adoption of the function square root of VMA2 + HVA2. The present study suggests that the combined use of variables can be more effective than using them separately.
Homovanillic Acid↗