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PubMed1979

Heterosexual marriage of homosexual males: some associated factors.

Three matched groups of predominantly homosexual men were compared using Weinberg and Williams' questionnaire. Two of the groups contained men who were currently heterosexually married and men who had been heterosexually married; the third group was unmarried controls. Reasons for marriage were reviewed and found to be a combination of situational factors and, to a greater extent, of the expectations of those men who married of a more negative societal reaction against homosexuality. Implications of these findings for therapy are briefly discussed.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Venereal transmission of shigellosis in Seattle-King county.

In the past, shigellosis in Seattle-King County has been primarily a disease of children, their parients, and foreign travelers. During the 18 months beginning in July 1975, an outbreak of shigellosis in Seattle's community of gay men involved both Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei. They accounted for nearly 30% of all cases of shigellosis reported to the health department. Fellatio and/or oral-anal contact was reported by 90% of the infected homosexual men; this was probably the mechanism of transmission of most infections. Intercity spread was determined by case histories and by the finding of S. flexneri 3, a previously unusual organism in Seattle.

Dysentery, Bacillary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gonorrhea in the homosexual man: frequency of infection by culture site.

The aims of this study were determine the frequencies of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae at various sites in homosexual men who were attending clinics for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in central Scotland and to appraise the diagnostic tests used. Specimens for culture were taken from the urethra, pharynx, and anorectum of every homosexual man in the study. When the first cultures of pharyngeal and rectal specimens were negative, these cultures were repeated twice at weekly intervals. The urethra was infected in 169 (60.8%), the anorectum in 114 (41.0%), and the pharynx in 23 (8.3%) of 278 patients who had gonorrhea. By reliance on only one set of tests, eight (7.0%) of 114 patients who had rectal gonorrhoea and six (26.1%) of 23 patients with pharyngeal infection would have been missed. The results indicate the importance of obtaining specimens for culture from all sites that might possibly be infected, regardless of the symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Changing pattern of male homosexual registrations in a venereal disease clinic, 1964-1974.

Registrations of heterosexual and homosexual men, with and without gonorrhoea, as recorded at Ward 34, Newcastle General Hospital, from 1964 to 1974, show substantial rises. During this time, the number of cases of gonorrhoea in men, both heterosexually and homosecually acquired, has approximately doubled. However, the incidence of individual gonococcal re-infection would not appear to have changed significantly. More men attend with non-venereal conditions and show an increasing willingness to return. A greater co-operation between homosexuals with gonorrhoea and the social unit has evolved and a greater number of sexual contacts are now traced and examined.

England↗
PubMed1979

Epidemic of amoebiasis and giardiasis in a biased population.

Of 126 homosexual men in a selected population in New York City, 31.7% were infected with Entamoeba histolytica, 18.3% with Giardia lamblia, and 39.7% with one or both on a single stool examination. Of 5885 clinic and hospital patients examined in the same laboratory by the same methods, 1.3% were infected with E. histolytica, 2.1% with G. lamblia, and 3.3% with one or both. Evidence indicates that an epidemic of intestinal protozoan infection exists in the homosexual male population in New York City. The difficulty in making a diagnosis, inadequate therapy, failure to alert potential victims, and official neglect of the epidemic have combined to create a dangerous situation.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1978

Attitudes toward homosexuality and femininity in men.

College students were asked to express their liking for a male stimulus person who was described as either heterosexual or homosexual and as masculine or feminine. Subjects disliked the homosexual man more than the heterosexual man, regardless of his gender attributes. Subjects did not, however, consistently dislike the feminine man more than the masculine man. The feminine heterosexual man was liked less than the masculine heterosexual man, but the feminine homosexual man was liked more than the masculine homosexual man. These results cast doubt on earlier notions that homosexual people are disliked because of their presumed inappropriate gender attributes. Instead, it appears that homosexual men are disliked even more if they violate the feminine stereotype. Reasons for this effect are proposed.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

"Personals" advertisements of lesbian women.

Based on a design adapted from previous content analyses of the "Personals" advertisements of heterosexual men and women and of homosexual men, advertisements for lesbian partners were studied in the light of predictions derived from exchange theory and from the findings of other studies of lesbianism. Lesbians' advertisements, as hypothesized, were found to emphasize positive characteristics and to de-emphasize the negative; to be more like those of nonlesbian women advertisers than like those of men of either sexual orientation; and to tend toward an androgynous style. Implications of these and other findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Gay ghetto.

Gay people have claimed that there exist within major cities "gay ghettos", neighborhoods housing large numbers of homosexual men and women as well as gathering places where homosexual behavior is generally accepted, and have designated as such certain sections of Boston, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and Los Angeles (Aiken, 1976, p. 27; Altman, 1971, p. 42; Brill, 1976, p. 27; Chicago Gay Liberation, 1970, pp. 3-4; Kantrowitz, 1975, p. 48; Nassberg, 1970, p. 1; Russo, 1976, p. 47; Shilts, 1977, p. 20; Whitmore, 1975, p. 45; Whittman, 1972, pp. 167-168). Sociologists have picked up the term, using it repeatedly in research (e.g., Humprheys, 1972a, pp. 80-81; Weinberg & Williams, 1974, p. 43). Typically, however, these authors offer no observations to support their use of the phrase. This paper analyzes the validity of "gay ghetto" as a sociological construct, limiting discussion to the male homosexual community.

Gender Identity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Life-history interviews of aging gay men.

Homosexual men and women have seldom been studied by gerontologists and almost nothing is known about the lifestyles, pattern of development through the adult years, and the effect of homosexuality on aging. Fourteen gay men, ranging in age from fifty-five to eighty-one, were interviewed about their life history and experiences of aging as gay men. Three of the respondents had long-term relationships that lasted up to forty years; two had experienced the death of a lover and had begun a new long-term relationship; four had been married to women and two had children (one unmarried man adopted a son and is now a grandfather). The wide diversity of their patterns of aging, the presence of positive aspects of gay aging, and the high life satisfaction of many of the respondents contradict the stereotype of the lonely, isolated old gay man.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

On the evocability of a positive oestrogen feedback action on LH secretion in transsexual men and women.

In transsexual men with homosexual behaviour and intact testicular function, as well as in homosexual men with normal gender identity, following a negative oestrogen feedback effect a delayed positive oestrogen feedback action on LH secretion was evoked. By contrast, in transsexual men with hypo- or asexuality and intact testes or hypergonadotrophic hypo- or agonadism, as well as in heterosexual men with normal gender identity, a negative oestrogen feedback effect was not followed by a positive feedback action on LH release. In transsexual women with homosexual behaviour and oligo- and/or hypomenorrhoea, only a weak or at best moderate positive oestrogen feedback action on LH release was evocable, similarly as in castrated and oestrogen-primed heterosexual men. By contrast, in a transsexual woman with bisexual behaviour and eumenorrhoea, a strong positive oestrogen feedback action on LH secretion was evocable, as well as in heterosexual women with normal gender identity.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

Surveillance of HIV infection by voluntary testing in England.

Eighteen laboratories, which together provide primary HIV antibody testing for 43% of the population in England, collaborated in a study to record epidemiological information for all individuals voluntarily tested by them over a five year period. From the 184,113 individuals who had a first test during the study period, it is estimated that 1 in 12 adults in London, and 1 in 50 outside London have been voluntarily tested for HIV since testing became widely available in 1985. The majority of those tested were individuals whose perceived risk was heterosexual exposure. Infection in this group was concentrated in individuals whose partner had an identified risk and in those who had lived in or visited Africa. The rise in antibody prevalence observed in the latter group during 1990/91 may have been partly due to infection recently acquired in the UK. Antibody prevalence in heterosexuals without a high risk partner or a history of exposure abroad also rose during the study period, suggesting a recent increase in transmission through casual heterosexual exposure in the UK. The study also provided strong evidence of continuing high risk behaviour among homosexual men, particularly in the younger age groups. Homosexuals aged under 30 years and living in London had the greatest risk of acquiring HIV infection since 1988.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1992

Sexually transmitted diseases in England and Wales: 1981-1990.

Data provided by genito-urinary medicine clinics, microbiology laboratories and other reports reveal a consistent picture of the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases in England and Wales during the 1980s. The number of new cases increased by 21% between 1981 and 1990; most of this increase being due to genital herpes, genital warts and 'non-specific genital infection' (including that due to Chlamydia trachomatis). The increase in attendance rates for new cases was much higher for women (37%) than for men (2%) during the last decade, with the former experiencing more sequelae. Gonorrhoea and syphilis declined steadily until 1989 but cases of gonorrhoea have increased since then, especially in homosexual males. These data emphasise the need for renewed efforts toward the prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases, particularly among adolescents, women and homosexual men.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular analysis of the principal neutralization epitope (V3 loop) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Argentina].

The main goal of the present paper was to analyze the molecular diversity of the principal neutralizing domain (V3 loop) of the HIV 1 gp120 in samples from patients of Argentina. The study was carried out on a total of 30 HIV 1 positive blood samples, obtained during 1991-1992, belonging to 15 intravenous drug users (group A), 5 homosexual men (group B), 8 children born to HIV 1 positive mothers (group C) and 2 AIDS patients (group D). By using extracted DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes and from infected cells of the viral isolates in the case of the 2 AIDS patients, the V3 loop region was amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction. Direct sequencing by Sanger methodology was then performed on DNA fragments and nucleotide sequences obtained were translated into the correspondent amino acids. Consensus sequences for each group and a general consensus sequence were established (Table 1). Its alignment with V3 loop amino acid sequences of the major HIV 1 strains isolated worldwide is showed in table 2. Homology analysis between each sequence of the study population and sequence of different HIV 1 isolates showed that most of these samples share high homology with SF2 and BH10 strains. In contrast a low homology was found with JH3 and MN isolated (table 3). The presence of highly conserved amino acid residues as substitutions and insertions was determined in the Argentinian V3 loop sequences giving them a local pattern. The present paper is of great importance for our country, considering that the V3 loop is the main neutralizing domain becoming a major target in the development of HIV 1 vaccine. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the sequencing of the principal neutralizing domain of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 in Latin America.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1977

Therapeutic regimens for anorectal gonococcal infection in males.

Anorectal gonococcal infection is particularly prevalent in women and homosexual men. Although the currently recommended Public Health Service therapeutic regimens for uncomplicated gonorrhea appear to be effective also for anorectal gonorrhea in women, their efficacy for anorectal infection in men has not been adequately evaluated. We report a case of gonococcal proctitis in a homosexual man that did not respond to therapy with ampicillin plus probenecid and tetracycline, but subsequently responded to spectinomycin therapy. Currently available therapeutic regimens for anorectal gonococcal infection in males are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Evocability of a slight positive oestrogen feedback action on LH secretion in castrated and oestrogen-primed men.

Orchidectomized heterosexual men suffering from prostatic cancer with suppressed serum LH values by oestrogen priming exhibited a slight, but significant surge of LH secretion following oestrogen injection. In contrast, orchidectomized and oestrogen-primed heterosexual men with unsuppressed serum LH levels as well as intact heterosexual men did not display any positive oestrogen feedback action on LH secretion, as it was observed in intact homosexual men.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Examining the homosexual male for sexually transmitted diseases.

Homosexual men may be deterred from seeking an examination for sexually transmitted diseases because it would require an open admission of sexual preference. For these diseases to be controlled, gay men must be motivated to be examined for sexually transmitted diseases. If a medical or health professional feels unable to respond to a gay patient's needs, he should refer the patient to someone who deals well with gay patients. Health care services must be offered in a way that minimizes the anxiety many homosexuals associate with examination and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1978

The relationship of perceived societal hostility, conformity, and psychological adjustment in homosexual males.

The present study examined the relationship between the perception by homosexual males of positive or negative societal reaction to homosexuality (PSR), their degree of conformity to heterosexual norms, and their degree of psychological adjustment. In this study respondents with high PSR were those who perceived negative societal reaction to homosexuality. Respondents with low PSR were those who perceived positive societal reaction. The study differentiated between the effects of putative societal reaction and actual societal reaction and was based on a three-group sample of homosexual men who (a) were, (b) had been, or (c) had never been heterosexually married. Findings showed that putative societal reaction was a critical variable producing conformity and psychological maladjustment in homosexual males.

Adaptation, Psychological↗