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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Progestogen-induced diabetes in the dog.

The development of diabetes in a small percentage of female beagles receiving large doses of synthetic progestogen for one year is described. The abnormalities in blood sugar and plasma insulin responses to oral glucose arising during induction of diabetes are presented. After a two-year period of diabetes, two animals were examined histologically. Lesions in the kidney and retina, similar to early lesions associated with human diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, were present. Histologic changes related to the diabetes were also seen in the pancreas and pituitary. The means of induction of the diabetes is discussed. The study supports the view that the dog is a useful species in which to study the long-term pathology of diabetes,

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Chimeric vaccine based on Iraqi HLA alleles against a predominant local Escherichia coli phylogroup.

INTRODUCTION: Escherichia coli remains amongst the most globally important pathogens implicated in severe clinical manifestations. The progressive rise in multidrug-resistant strains highlights the urgent need for new vaccines. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a new multi-epitope vaccine containing the most conserved epitopes across E. coli pathotypes. Consequently, the study aimed to investigate the immunoadjuvant role of faecal microbiota transplantation in enhancing vaccine efficacy. METHODS: Eighteen of the most conserved B-cell and T-cell epitopes of FimH, LptD, and BamA proteins were selected and included in a single construct. During the epitope selection process, HLA alleles predominant in the Iraqi population, as reported in previous studies, were used as criteria for selecting T-cell epitopes. The chimeric protein was expressed in BL21 E. coli and purified using affinity chromatography. Vaccine cross-protective immunity and protection were tested in in vivo experiments. Different formulations were used in the experimental evaluation: three doses of 100 μg of purified chimeric protein, injected intraperitoneally alone or encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles, after faecal microbiota transplantation with and without gut microbiota modulation mediated by a cocktail of antibiotics. IgG1, IL-4, INF-γ, and NLRP3 levels were measured at 30 and 75 days after the first immunisation dose. Immunised mice were challenged with the local B2 UPEC phylogroup, and protection efficacy was considered 48 h later. Finally, the histological effects of the different chimeric protein formulations on the liver were assessed. RESULTS: All vaccine formulations except those after faecal microbiota transplantation without gut microbiota modulation induce significant increases in IgG1, IL-4, and INF-γ levels at different times. Only vaccination after faecal microbiota transplantation with gut microbiota modulation elicited robust NLRP3 levels at 30 and 75 days after, and this was linked to the highest reduction in bladder bacterial load by 813-fold compared to the other formulations, as well as the mildest effect on liver histological changes. DISCUSSION: These results demonstrated that the chimeric vaccine provides preliminary protection against a local B2 UPEC isolate. Furthermore, modulating gut microbiota via faecal transplantation markedly enhances the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccination, suggesting its adjuvanticity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Histological response of various endocrine glands after administration of certain neurohumors in chicks.

Histological response of various endocrine glands like pituitary, adrenal, testes and pancreas after administration of certain neurohumors like acetylcholine, adrenaline and histamine in a particular dose and sequence, has been carried out in white leghorn chicks. Result of this study revealed that administration of these neurohumors produced definite changes in various endocrines. Histological changes are more prominent in pituitary and adrenal glands, whereas, pancreas and testes did not reveal much influence of these neurohumors.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1977

[Changes in enzyme activity induced by experimental aflatoxicosis in dairy cows].

The activities of GOT, GPT, LDH, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and the concentrations of bilirubin in blood plasma after a single intraruminal application of aflatoxins were studied in four dairy cows. The maximum changes in the activities of the enzymes and the maximum bilirubin concentration in plasma were obtained in the first two to three days following the application of aflatoxins. The statistically significant increase of GOT activity, compared with activity before the application of aflatoxins, persisted until the 23rd day; in the case of LDH and GLDH the increase persisted until the 38th day from the application of aflatoxins. The activities of gamma-GTP and AP were slightly higher even on the 50th day. The increased concentration of bilirubin in plasma lasted until the 23rd day from aflatoxin application. The increased activities of enzymes testify to an impaired function of the liver, which is also proved by the specific enzymes GLDH, gamma-GTP, by increased bilirubin levels, and by histological changes known from literature. The evaluation of enzymatic activities and bilirubin concentration in plasma can make a valuable contribution to correct diagnosis of aflatoxicoses in cattle.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1977

[Sex gland morphology of schizophrenic patients during treatment with psychotropic drugs].

A macro- and microscopic study of genital glands was conducted in 33 cases of schizophrenia (14 females and 19 males). A practically normal histological picture of the ovary and testis was found in 12 cases, different degrees of involutional (atrophic) changes in 19 and tumours in 2 cases. The degree of expressed histological changes correlated with age and duration of the disease. Correlation between the histology of genital glands on the one hand and the duration and intensity of psychopharmacological treatment on the other one (mainly by neuroleptics) were not found.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Long-term experiments on toleration of the ganglionic blockader hygronium].

In tests set up on albino rats, guinea pigs and rabbits the chronic toxicity of hygronium--a new original ganglion blocking agent of a short-term action was studied. With its daily intraperitoneal administration for 14 days in doses of 10 and 40 mg/kg (1/10 and 1/3 DL50) the drug produces in some of the animals, chiefly in rabbits and guinea pigs receiving 40 mg/kg, readily reversible histological changes in some of their internal organs. Hygronium does not cause any local irritating effect

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immune complexes of hepatitis B surface antigen in the pathogenesis of periarteritis nodosa. A study of seven necropsy cases.

In 7 unselected necropsy cases of clinically diagnosed periarteritis nodosa, the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in the cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes indicated an ongoing infection with hepititis B virus (HBV). In all these cases histologic changes found in the liver varied from "minimal" to chronic aggressive hepatitis. In all the cases, deposits of HBsAg, immunoglobulins, beta1C-globulin and C1q were detected in vascular lesions. That these deposits could represent HBsAg-anti-HBs immune complexes was supported by demonstrating their strong binding of guinea pig complement and by the successful elution of all HBsAg and part of the immunoglobulin from these deposits by treatment with buffers known to dissociate antigen-antibody bonds but not with phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.6 (PBS). Glomerulonephritis associated with these immune complexes was found in 6 cases. The presence of larger masses of HBsAg immune complexes, chiefly in recent insudative and fibrinoid vascular lesions, their lesser amounts in lesions undergoing involution, and their absence from healed lesions strongly suggest that these complexes play a primary role in the pathogenesis of acute vascular damage in periarteritis nodosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[The effect of chenodesoxycholic acid on cholesterol gallstones (author's transl)].

30 patients with radiolucent gallstones and 2 patients with radioopaque stones recieved chenodesoxycholic acid (CDC). In 12 patients stones were dissolved completely by CDC therapy, in 6 of the patients the size of the stones decreased by 40-70%. Only 1 patient developed severe diarrhea, so therapy had to be stopped. In 5 patients there was a slight and transient increase in SGOT and SGPT, in 2 other patient gammaGT increased; value normalized while treatment was continued. In 23 cases liver biopsies were done before and during treatment: no histological changes could be found in the specimens. 5 of the patients, whose gallstones had been dissolved, received 500 mg CDC/day thereafter, another 5 patients received 500 mg/d every other day. No recurrence of lithiasis was observed in either group. One patient on 500 mg CDC twice a week developed lithiasis after 6 months, another one stopped treatment completely and gallbladder stones reappeared after 8 months. The patients with radioopaque stones did not show any changes during treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Renal function and histologic studies in rats treated by floctafenin (author's transl)].

The nephrotoxic action of floctafenin has been studied in rats. When administered orally at 20 or 50 mg/kg/day for 20 or 50 days, this analgesic agent had no effect on the renal function, either in intact rats or in animal with reduced renal parenchyma. There is no histological change in the kidneys of the treated animals except some focal dilatations of the distal tubules. The tubular alterations were more important in treated and untreated rats with nephronic reduction. The whole body autoradiographic studies of rats treated with 14C floctafenin showed that liver and kidney accumulate radioactivity, and that the intake of radiolabeled compounds is twice higher in renal cortex than in medulla. This study suggests that the toxicity of floctafenin for the rat kidney is very low or none.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Morphological changes in the late periods of life in mice born after the induction of the graft vs. host reaction in their mothers].

Histological changes were studied in various organs of 1--2-year-old mice born after induction of the graft-versus-host reaction in mothers. The lymphoid tissue showed predominant atrophic changes, and a number of mice (61.2%) developed amyloidosis in the spleen and liver. The lymphoid infiltrates were found in the liver, kidneys, lungs and heart. In some cases glomerulonephritis, vasculitis and liver distrophy were recognized. Lymphoid malignancies were recorded in 17.7% of cases, wherease neoplasms in the control mice of the same age were incident only in 4.1%. Some neoplasms could be transplanted to adult F1 mice. A cell-free extract inocualted into newborn mice did not produce tumours during observational period of 14 months.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[Maldescensus testis, therapy and prognosis].

Since histologic changes are found in undescended testes after the second year of life, treatment is necessary. Often therapy with human choriongonadotrophin is successful, otherwise operative treamtnet is indicated. Infertility at a high rate is found in boys treated for maldescence of the testicles in later childhood. Therapy before the age of two years improves the prognosis.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[Porta-biliary area modifications during the graft-versus-host reaction in chick embryo and rat fetus].

Our results (light and electron microscopic study) show that both in chick embryos engrafted with fowl homologous spleen cells and in rat fetuses receiving blood cells from their own mother (homologous system) histologic changes occur in porta-biliary areas consisting in paravascular infiltrates (P.V.I.), bile ducts disorganization and periportal hepatocyte alterations. These modifications are closely similar to those described in other post-natal Graft Versus Host Reaction models. Yet, in both cases, the cells of the P.V.I. are chiefly of the granulocytic serie instead of the classical lymphoïd P.V.I.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Chronic inflammatory neuromyopathies in adults treated for gluten-sensitive enteropathy. A report on three cases with microvascular nerve and muscle lesions (author's transl)].

Neuromyopathies developed in three patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, a long time after they had been cured of their digestive disease by following a gluten-free diet. These cases differed radically from typical deficiency neuropathies by the presence of microvascular inflammatory lesions in nerves and muscles. The semiological findings were similar in all 3 cases, and were distinguished by the association of signs eveking lesions of the largest myelinated nerves fibers to the posterior rami with lesions in the muscles. Corticotherapy improved the condition but did not affect its chronic course. Nerve and muscle biopsies revealed the presence of segmentary microrascularitis, mainly lymphohistiocytic. The probable mechanism of these histological changes is alterations in the circulating immune-complexes, usually found in gluten-sensitive enteropathy, producing various types of associated disorders. Some of these immune-complexes would not be related straight to digestive intolerance to gluten, but would persist during the gluten-free diet period, and could be responsible for the micro-angiitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Early recognition and management.

At the present time the medical management of prostatic hyperplasia remains primarily in the investigative stage. Various prostatic inhibitory substances, primarily hormonal in nature, have been studied in animals and humans. The work of Scott with cyproterone acetate in a group of 13 patients with nodular hyperplasia demonstrated improvement of the obstructive symptoms in 11 patients, an increased flow rate in 9, reduction of residual urine in 8, decrease in prostatic size in 7, and epithelial histologic changes in 8. Nevertheless in spite of these and other encouraging preliminry results, the principal therapy for genign prostatic hyperplasia is surgical relief of bladder neck obstruction by prostatectomy which has a mortality rate of less than one per cent. The effects of medical therapy remain uncertain and are employed primarily in patients who are poor surgical risks.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1975

Simultaneous intermittent bleomycin and radiological treatment of laryngeal cancer.

Bleomycin has been shown to have a significant effect on squamous cell carcinomas, particularly on highly differentiated types. Applying combined bleomycin and x-rays simultaneously in an intermittent schedule, a synergistic effect was obtained. It was possible to lower the dosage of each and still achieve remarkable therapeutic responses. At the same time the side effects were reduced. The total dosages have been bleomycin 180 mg and x-rays 4.200 r skin dose, tumor dose approximately 2.500 r. Eighty-two laryngeal cases received such treatment. Altogether a complete regression was achieved in 62 per cent. Glottic tumors showed complete regression in 85 per cent. In six out of 10 inoperable cases, the tumor became surgically accessible by laryngectomy. In successfully treated patients characteristic histological changes were found, consisting in unusually large amounts of fully keratinized cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Effect of various factors on induction of liver tumors in animals by the alpha-isomer of benzene hexachloride.

The tumorigenic effect of a diet containing the alpha-isomer of benzene hexachloride (alpha-BHC) on the liver of various animals was examined. It was found that alpha-BHC induced liver tumors in male and female mice but not in rats or hamsters in the present observations. Histological changes in the liver of mice induced by alpha-BHC were also much greater than those induced in rats or hamsters. Male animals were more susceptible to the tumorigenic action of alpha-BHC than females. Among different strains of mice, the DDY showed greatest susceptibility and the C57BL/6 showed the least. Induction oflpha-BHC was not inhibited by concomitant feeding of 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate or p- hydroxypropiophenone. However, 3-methylcholanthrene slightly inhibited their induction by alpha-BHC.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Disease-inducing activity of different parts of bovine encephalitogenic protein in guinea-pigs.

The encephalitogenic activity of different parts of bovine encephalitogenic protein (BEP) has been tested in guinea-pigs, mainly at a dose equimolar to 32 mug of intact protein. A high activity was found with complete protein and with region 89-169; both peptide 43-115, tyr (modified at the tyrosine residue 67) and HNB-89-169 (modified at the tryptophan residue 115) showed a moderate but clear-cut activity, whereas that of peptide 1-42 was very faint. No qualitative differences in the disease induced by the different peptides could be found; in only one animal out of 139 were clinical signs observed without evidence of histological disease. Slight histological changes, similar to those seen at EAE, were found in four out of 19 animals injected with Freund's complete adjuvant only.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of interruption of the short posterior ciliary arteries on slow axoplasmic transport and histology within the optic nerve of the rhesus monkey.

Tritiated leucine was injected into the vitreous of rhesus monkey eyes to make it available for protein synthesis by the ganglion cells. The short posterior ciliary arteries were cut three hours later or several weeks prior to the leucine injection. A reduction of labeled protein within the retrolaminar optic nerve was seen in all eyes so treated. Autoradiography revealed a diffuse reduction of axoplasmic transport into these optic nerve heads. There was consistent evidence of focal obstruction of labeled protein at the interface between the lamina scleralis and retrolaminar optic nerve. Vacuoles appeared in the most severely affected areas. These histologic changes were followed by gliosis in the areas of ischemic damage. Glaucomatous cupping of the optic nerve head was not seen within six weeks following the induced ischemia.

Animals↗