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PubMed2005

Interaction between salt fluoridation and comprehensive oral health promotion.

Health or disease status is the result of biological, behavioural, and social determinants. The components of health promotion focus specifically on these determinants. How the dissemination of fluoridated salt--a biological component of oral health promotion--interacts with both the determinants of health and the non-biological components of oral health promotion is discussed with respect to individual health behaviour, socio-economic health disparities, the physical and social environment, and the health education curriculum.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From rhetoric to reality: moving hospitals into health promotion.

Health promotion has received a lot of attention over the past several decades as an important means of improving the health of Canadians and reducing the costs of health service delivery. How do hospitals reorient themselves to a greater role in health promotion? Is hospital-based community health promotion viable? This article describes the process undertaken by Seven Oaks General Hospital as it moved aggressively into this field.

Community-Institutional Relations↗
PubMed2000

A planning framework for community empowerment goals within health promotion.

Health promotion often comprises a tension between 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' programming. The former, more associated with concepts of community empowerment, begins on issues of concern to particular groups or individuals, and regards some improvement in their overall power or capacity as the important health outcome. The latter, more associated with disease prevention efforts, begins by seeking to involve particular groups or individuals in issues and activities largely defined by health agencies, and regards improvement in particular behaviours as the important health outcome. Community empowerment is viewed more instrumentally as a means to the end of health behaviour change. The tension between these two approaches is not unresolvable, but this requires a different orientation on the part of those responsible for planning more conventional, top-down programmes. This article presents a framework intended to assist planners, implementers and evaluators to systematically consider community empowerment goals within top-down health promotion programming. The framework 'unpacks' the tensions in health promotion at each stage of the more conventional, top-down programme cycle, by presenting a parallel 'empowerment' track. The framework also presents a new technology for the assessment and strategic planning of nine identified 'domains' that represent the organizational influences on the process of community empowerment. Future papers analyze the design of this assessment and planning methodology, and discuss the findings of its field-testing in rural communities in Fiji.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using head start centers for teaching mental health promotion.

Health promotion is an integral aspect of nursing practice and should be included in all levels of nursing education. A practicum focusing on mental health promotion at the undergraduate level is described. Nursing students observe and interact with children in Head Start centers and during home visits with Head Start families. Head Start programs are used because they offer students an opportunity to practice nursing in a setting that is committed to health promotion and that serves a high-risk population. The nature of the practicum, its congruence with current trends in nursing and nursing education, its relevance to current mental health concerns, and its limitations are described.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

What is health promotion?

Health promotion is a highly fashionable term which has acquired so many meanings as to become meaningless. In this paper a number of current interpretations of the term are reviewed and appraised, and an attempt is made to tidy up the semantic mess once and for all. A model is offered whereby health promotion is seen as a realm of activities which differs in emphasis from the current power bases in health service provision. This model differs from previous definitions in its explicit examination of the important areas of overlap between component parts. It is useful as a framework for devising health promotion strategies and activities.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1998

Critical mandates: prevention and health promotion.

Health maintenance organizations are supposed to maintain health, not just contain the cost of treating illness. Prevention and health promotion are critical mandates for managed care organizations, including managed behavioral health plans. More often than not, however, health plans have neglected to include prevention and behavioral health promotion services within their spectrum of covered benefits. In this article, the authors explain why there is a growing trend toward including coverage for prevention and promotion services in managed behavioral health plans, including the financial advantages and cost-containment opportunities that result. The article also illustrates several simple and straightforward models for structuring prevention benefits, managing the utilization and quality of prevention services, and including community-based preventive services organizations in provider networks.

Contract Services↗
PubMed1992

Oral health promotion and health education programmes for Nigeria--policy guidelines.

Nigeria like other developing countries is presently faced with the arduous problem of coping with scarce resources to control existing and increasing oral disease levels. The World Health Organization has emphasized the importance of oral health promotion for initiating successful, effective, preventive oral health programmes. At present however, Nigeria is without formal oral health promotion and health education policies or programmes. In the "National Policy and Strategy to Achieve Health for All Nigerians" (Federal Ministry of Health 1986), no specific mention was made of oral health promotion or oral health education. The present paper therefore proposes definitive policy guidelines that will help in the development of coherent oral health promotion programmes for the country. The approach proposed tackles causes common to a number of chronic diseases and incorporates oral health into general health strategies.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2005

[Health behaviors between a health promotion demonstration health center and a general health center].

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare community residents' perceptions, participation, satisfaction, and behavioral changes between a health promotion demonstration health center and general health center. METHOD: The design of the study was ex-post facto that compared community residents in demonstration health centers and general health centers. The sample included 2,261 community residents who were conveniently selected from demonstration (792 participants) and general health centers (1,496 participants). RESULT: The results of the study were as follows: 1) Perception and participation rates of exercise, nutrition, and hypertension management programs were significantly higher in the participants of demonstration health centers than those of general health centers.; 2) Satisfaction rates of all programs except the smoking cessation program were significantly higher in the participants of demonstration health centers than those of general health centers. However, only the exercise rate among risk behaviors of participants was significantly higher in demonstration health centers than general health centers. CONCLUSION: Systematic efforts for health promotion were effective not only in improving the community's awareness, participation, and satisfaction of the program, but also in changing health behaviors. This evidence should be used to foster and disseminate health promotion programs to other health centers to improve community residents' health status and quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Prevention and health promotion].

Health as well as illness is not a state but a dynamic process. It depends among others on internal and external resources and possibilities which are given or not. Health behavior means the contribution of the individual to foster and develop their health. This includes all measures and behavior which contribute to early prevention or detection of illness. Traditional medicine engages in the investigation of causes and processes of disease and has not yet investigated prevention or health promoting behavior in the same way. This can also be seen in the concept of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, which is disease oriented. Health promotion however--as stated in the Ottawa Charta in 1986 is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Providing older patients with holistic health promotion.

Health promotion strategies for older people should focus on positive activities, taking a holistic approach and accounting for the needs of the individual. This article outlines the development of a nurse-led project that aims to meet the health promotion need of this patient group.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Evolutionary health promotion.

Health promotion's promise is enormous, but its potential is, as yet, unmatched by accomplishment. Life expectancy increases track more closely with economic prosperity and sanitary engineering than with strictly medical advances. Notable achievements in the past century--the decreased incidences of epidemic infections, dental caries, and stomach cancer--are owed to virologists, dentists, and (probably) refrigeration more than to physicians. Prevention speaks against tobacco abuse with a single voice, but in many other areas contradictory research findings have generated skepticism and even indifference among the general public for whom recommendations are targeted. Health promotion's shortcomings may reflect lack of an overall conceptual framework, a deficiency that might be corrected by adopting evolutionary premises: (1) The human genome was selected in past environments far different from those of the present. (2) Cultural evolution now proceeds too rapidly for genetic accommodation--resulting in dissociation between our genes and our lives. (3) This mismatch between biology and lifestyle fosters development of degenerative diseases. These principles could inform a research agenda and, ultimately, public policy: (1) Better characterize differences between ancient and modern life patterns. (2) Identify which of these affect the development of disease. (3) Integrate epidemiological, mechanistic, and genetic data with evolutionary principles to create an overarching formulation upon which to base persuasive, consistent, and effective recommendations.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1998

Health promotion and health education: what role should the nurse adopt in practice?

Health promotion is widely accepted as part of the role of the nurse, midwife and health visitor. Theoretical definitions of health promotion and health education are presented. The author suggests that a variety of different approaches to health promotion can be adopted by nurses in practice, including education, persuasion, manipulation and attempts to promote an environment where healthy decisions about lifestyle can be made. Each strategy is examined and the advantages and the ethical limitations are explored. It is suggested that nurses may theoretically accept the notion of being a health promoter, but that in the reality of practice, their role may be primarily that of the health educator. The importance of recognizing that there are a variety of determinants of health, including social and environmental factors, as well as individual lifestyle, is emphasized throughout the paper.

Health Education↗
PubMed1998

Do doctors benefit from their profession?--A survey of medical practitioners' health promotion and health safety practices.

Three hundred Irish Medical Organisation members were surveyed on health promotion and health and safety issues. 64.7% responded (65.3 males; 33.7% < thirty-five years). Over half (54.9%) were aware of the safety legislation and very few reported available occupational health services. A majority wanted more such services. Nearly all believed health promotion was important yet only 35.2% always availed of opportunities to give such advice. 36.3% were often stressed, particularly at work. Alcohol was sometimes or frequently used to cope by around half of respondents. Although less than half (47.7%) used whole milk, one third usually or always added salt to their food. 15.5% took no weekly aerobic exercise but 42.0% claimed to do so three times weekly. 11.4 were current smokers. A third of women had never had a cervical smear. We conclude doctors require adequate occupational health services.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health promotion and health advocacy for and by immigrants enrolled in English as a second language classes.

An intersectoral immigrant health promotion project in Hamilton, Ontario is described. The project goal was to facilitate the entry of new immigrants to the Ontario health care system and equip them with knowledge and skills to strengthen their preventive and promotive health practices. A needs assessment preceded project development. The three phases of the project are described. The first phase commenced with the development of culturally sensitive health promotion resource materials to be used with immigrants enrolled in English as a Second Language Classes. In phase two, activities focussed on strengthening the ability of ESL teachers to incorporate a preventive and promotive health focus in their classes. The final phase shifted to a community-based project. During this phase, a core immigrant group developed their skills as health advocates for their immigrant community.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Health promotion and health education viewed as symbiotic paradigms: bridging the theory and practice gap between them.

A recognized 'paradigm war' exists between the two distinct approaches of health education and health promotion practice. This tension is both unhealthy and unhelpful and is known to have a profound effect on nursing activity. Leading health promotionalists have begun to acknowledge the futility of the stated paradigm tension, realizing that health education and health promotion interventions are not that dissimilar in their origins and intentions. Progressive health education and health promotion programmes acknowledge the interrelatedness of both approaches and seek to incorporate favourable aspects of the two. The aim of this article is to present arguments and stances that help to diffuse/avoid the stated paradigm conflict, as a basis for health education and health promotion reform in nursing. It also seeks to clarify the nature of both health education and health promotion practice so as to avoid contextual confusion. In doing so, this article draws significantly from the author's previous work. This article concludes that the constructive review of any intended health education/health promotion programme lies in the consideration of each approach according to its own relative merits, what is required of the programme, and the nature of the setting in which the intervention takes place.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

Geographically-based approaches to the integration of health promotion into health systems: a comparative study of two Health Action zones in the UK.

Health Action Zones (HAZs) were introduced in the UK in the late 1990s as a whole system approach to public health and health care. Resources were targeted in historically deprived subregional units of England. Based on process evaluations undertaken in their fourth year of operation, the approaches taken by two HAZs were compared. Each had different histories of intersectoral cooperation and strategic approaches to integration. Both operated in a rapidly changing policy and organizational environment. This undermined attempts to sustain a consistent vision and eventually led to the demise of HAZs as subregional units. The approaches chosen by these two HAZs to integrate health promotion into health systems cannot be divorced from the political, historical and geographical contexts in which they were initiated. What the experiences of the two HAZs demonstrate is that while subregions and localities can potentially benefit from a whole systems perspective, there are deep-seated structural problems that constrain progress. Their experience demonstrates that context is of key importance in understanding the outcomes of any intervention aimed at promoting health.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1988

The Health Promotion Directorate. Health and Welfare Canada.

The Health Promotion Directorate is the organizational unit within the Department of National Health and Welfare responsible for enhancing the quality and acceptance of health promotion as a means of improving the health of Canadians. It was established in 1978 as an expression of the federal government's desire to act on the health promotion strategy outlined in the 1974 document "A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians". The statutory basis rests in the National Health and Welfare Act which states that the duties and functions of the Minister include "all matters relating to the promotion or preservation of the health of the people of Canada". The role of the Directorate in promoting health was confirmed by a decision of the federal cabinet in 1982.

Canada↗
PubMed1998

Health promotion, environmental health and Agenda 21.

In 1992, at the Rio Earth Summit, many governments, including our own, committed themselves to developing local strategies for sustainable development in the form of Local Agenda 21. Sustainable development is discussed, as is the philosophy and practice of health promotion and environmental health. Common approaches are identified and the links in relation to key areas of activities, strategies, values and principles are outlined. Finally, recommendations are made and conclusions drawn in relation to the overlap between environmental health action, Agenda 21 strategies and health promotion practice.

Environmental Health↗