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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Collaborative AIDS prevention research in the developing world: the CAPS experience.

BACKGROUND: Prevention through behavior change is the only way to control the spread of HIV infection in the developing world. Success in prevention requires consistent and persistent intervention over time, a clear understanding of the realities of target populations and involvement of members of these populations in prevention efforts. Applied local research is urgently needed, especially in the developing world, to design interventions that meet these criteria and to test their effectiveness. CENTER FOR AIDS PREVENTION STUDIES (CAPS) MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Each year, eight to 10 scientists from developing countries visit CAPS in San Francisco for 10 weeks of intensive learning and collaboration. The main emphasis is on designing a protocol for a research project related to AIDS prevention in the visiting scientist's home country. CAPS provides pilot study funding and technical assistance to implement the project. RESULTS: The quality of the resulting collaborative research is represented by the articles published in this volume and by the many alumni of the program who have undertaken additional research projects and/or assumed leadership positions in AIDS control efforts in their countries.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Detroit's East Side Village Health Worker Partnership: community-based lay health advisor intervention in an urban area.

In recent years, there have been few reports in the literature of interventions using a lay health advisor approach in an urban area. Consequently, little is known about how implementation of this type of community health worker model, which has been used extensively in rural areas, may differ in an urban area. This article describes the implementation of the East Side Village Health Worker Partnership, a lay health advisor intervention, in Detroit, Michigan, and notes how participatory action research methods and principles for community-based partnership research are being used to guide the intervention. Findings are presented on how the urban context is affecting the design and implementation of this intervention. Implications of the findings for health educators are also presented and include the utility of a participatory action research approach, the importance of considering the context and history of a community in designing a health education intervention, and the importance of recognizing and considering the differences between rural and urban settings when designing a health education intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Planning for major burns incidents by implementing an accelerated Delphi technique.

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents a series of practical guides for use in planning and responding to a major incident involving large numbers of burns casualties. METHOD: The guidance is based on the findings of an expert Delphi study published as an accompanying paper. RESULTS: The guidance covers preparation and all aspects of the response from prehospital care and hospital care to resolution recovery. Emphasis is placed on the management of the secondary/tertiary care interface as this is the point at which significant difficulties may arise. The importance of local interpretation of guidelines is emphasised. CONCLUSION: This practical guide for emergency planners will improve the preparation and response to a major incident involving burns.

Burn Units↗
PubMed2001

[Environmental medicine in public health service--a social responsibility and its consequences].

The special committee for "Environmental Medicine" established by the Federal Association of Doctors in the German Public Health Service presents its paper entitled "Environmental Medicine in the Public Health Service--A Social Responsibility and its Consequences: Propositions with regard to the situation, aims, strategies, and opportunities for action". The paper includes core ideas and responsibilities in the public health service. It aims at providing a number of guidelines for implementing "Environment and Health" ("Umwelt und Gesundheit"), an action programme by the Federal Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Health, as well as "Health 21" ("Gesundheit 21"), the framework concept "Health for all" for the WHO's European Region. The paper also aims at initiating and facilitating steps for joint action by the Public Health Service. These theses were passed on to Mrs. Andrea Fischer, the Federal Minister of Health, during a meeting with the Board of the Association. In Germany, environment-related public health protection is well established in the Public Health Departments and state institutes/departments within the scope of public health provision and disease prevention. Typical responsibilities include environmental hygiene and environment-related medical services which have increased in importance. The range of responsibilities and its current political importance are a result of environment-related public health risks, the social situation of the population, also with regard to health issues, and the scope of responsibilities and competencies by doctors and staff in the public health departments. With the people's demands for health, quality of life and life expectancy, this need for action increases. In this paper, judicial, professional, and personal consequence are presented which arise as public health authorities assume these responsibilities.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1994

Pandemic planning in Canada.

A Canadian plan for pandemic influenza was completed by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization in 1988. Its development took several years and involved consultation with provincial public health and laboratory authorities, the licensing body, manufacturers of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents, and representatives in the USA and UK. Key decisions in creating the pandemic plan include: (1) aiming for federal-provincial consensus on use of vaccine and antiviral drugs, (2) a selective vaccination approach (high-risk persons plus essential workers), (3) bulk purchasing and distribution of vaccine through the public sector, (4) leaving antiviral drugs on the open market, (5) careful planning of the communications strategy, and (6) increasing inter-pandemic use of flu vaccine in target groups. The plan addresses recognition of a pandemic; activation of a Pandemic Influenza Committee whose membership and responsibilities are spelled out; the federal-provincial decision making process; influenza vaccine considerations; amantadine and other antiviral agents; estimates of target group size, vaccine uptake, manufacturing capabilities and time frames; and communication considerations. Since 1988, influenza vaccine use has increased considerably in Canada and experience has been gained with amantadine. Manufacturing capability within Canada for influenza vaccine has also been enhanced. It is now time to update the plan, especially the targets, and to make sure that everyone involved remains aware of the assigned roles.

Amantadine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Empowering communities--a strategy used in Malawi.

In Malawi, community health nurses and environmental health officers are helping communities to solve their own health problems. Below, the lessons learned in one district.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1992

Industrial hygiene and national health objectives for the year 2000.

Industrial hygiene can have a powerful effect on family, community, and environmental health in addition to its effect on occupational health. Contemporary industrial hygiene begins in the workplace, but its impact can spread and improve the health status of the nation in several ways. Thirteen objectives for industrial hygiene are presented in this report. Industrial hygienists should know what the objectives are, how the objectives are useful to their practice, and how they can help to achieve them to improve the health of Americans.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1997

Reinventing injury prevention in California: a model for reinventing local public health programs.

The evolution of state injury control programs, like the evolution of public health itself, involves many jurisdictions and disciplines outside the health domain and requires the cooperation and coordination of many sectors. Perhaps most important is that it requires involvement by the states to assure success. In California, the federal investment of less than $2 million in capacity building spread over five years has produced more than $8 million in injury control programming in the subsequent four years.

California↗
PubMed1991

Health through oral health; guidelines for planning and monitoring for oral health care: a critical comment on the WHO model.

Recently a joint working group of WHO/FDI published guidelines for planning and monitoring oral health care. In the report a model for calculations of future need for dental manpower was introduced as an effective planning tool. An analysis of whether the WHO model is appropriate to calculate the future need for manpower planning was carried out. It appears that the model has serious methodological shortcomings. The model expects the user to know the future oral care needs concerning preventive, special group, surgical, orthodontic, and periodontal care. In calculating future needs for restorative and prosthetic care, the model restricts itself to looking back in time and roughly calculating what has happened in the past, assuming this will happen again.

Adolescent↗