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PubMedDate not supplied

[Advertising and health education].

Health education and advertising have a common aim: to modify human behaviour. Health education tries to induce healthy behaviours. In some occasions Publicity proposes risky behaviours. Ads appearing during a two-month period in magazines of the largest circulation in Spain are analyzed here. A total of 1,726 ads which could have a negative influence on health either because of the product or service offered or for the use of health as a persuasive argument in their text, are considered. The magazines Hola and Lecturas had the highest ratio ads/magazine. Spirits, food and drugs were the most frequently advertised products. And more than 50% of the ads used health and welfare as argument for better selling. Health educators should know and teach the critical analysis of publicity, and use advertisements as a teaching tool to enable people to see through misleading advertising.

Advertising↗
PubMed1991

Lay epidemiology and the rationality of responses to health education.

Health education has long been seen as an important component of primary care, and under the new contract has become routine. It is important to consider the likely impact of general practitioners' endeavours in the light of the experience of health education to date. Despite decades of efforts directed towards reducing the population's adherence to practices deemed harmful to health, it must be acknowledged that the impact of such activity has been disappointing. This paper considers some cultural origins of public scepticism to health education messages, and argues for a more balanced presentation of current knowledge concerning the causes of disease and the probability that individuals will benefit by changing their behaviour.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1990

[Uplifting health education].

Health education does not always lead to a change in behavior. This may be because traditional health education often focuses on disease instead of on positive values. Therefore, the new term refreshment is now being used to describe health-promoting activities. Creative medicine refers to all positive renewal which improves people's health.

Health Education↗
PubMed2005

The role of health education and health promotion in the control of schistosomiasis: experiences from a 12-year intervention study in the Poyang Lake area.

The objectives of this study were to examine the short-term effects of health education and health promotion in the control of schistosomiasis, and to monitor the long-term impact on re-infection patterns. The study was carried out in six Schistosoma japonicum-endemic villages located in the Poyang Lake area. Three different interventions were implemented, namely (i) health education by means of video tapes, training in prevention of infection, and a 'rewards/punishment' programme for schoolchildren, (ii) promotion of an understanding of schistosomiasis and its control plus training in prevention of infection for women, and (iii) encouragement of compliance with regard to chemotherapy plus training in prevention of infection for men. The 1-year post-intervention follow-up showed that both awareness and appropriate behaviour were strengthened in all three study groups along with a significant increase in the level of knowledge on how to avoid schistosomiasis. For example, the majority of women had abandoned the practice of washing clothes in schistosome-infested water and re-infection rates were sharply reduced as a consequence. In addition, the frequency of water contact among schoolchildren decreased and remained so for the long term. Overall, the approach emphasising health education and health promotion in combination with chemotherapy was highly successful in reducing re-infection rates among inhabitants of S. japonicum-endemic villages and people's compliance with regard to chemotherapy increased significantly over the course of the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Consumer health educators in health care institutions in West Virginia.

A two-phase survey was conducted of administrators of health care institutions (hospitals, rural primary care clinics, and community mental health centers) and, in turn, people conducting consumer health education (patient and community) in these settings. The purposes of the surveys were to identify the people who were conducting health education activities, their training, the tasks they were performing, and how they practiced health education. A broad variety of professionals was identified who perform consumer health education in these health care institutions. Only two professionally trained health educators were identified out of 232 respondents. The type of health education practice varied by type of institution, with hospitals being patient education oriented, mental health centers being community education oriented, and rural clinics requiring both patient and community education activities from their health educators. Most respondents reported the distribution of printed materials and individual counseling as their most frequently employed health education techniques. A need was documented for training in health education techniques. A broad variety of approaches to meeting this need are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Mapping the literature of health education.

Health education is a relatively new multidisciplinary field concerned with educational programs that empower individuals and communities to play active roles in achieving, protecting, and sustaining their health. Its practitioners have bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degrees and work in educational, worksite, health facility, or agency settings. This bibliometric study was part of the Medical Library Association (MLA) Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section's Project for Mapping the Literature of Allied Health. It sought to identify the core journals in health education and to determine the extent to which these titles are covered by the standard indexing sources. Cited references appearing from 1991 through 1993 in articles of four journals published by the major professional associations in the field were analyzed. It was found that only thirteen journals supply one-third of all references in the study. Another eighty journals provide the second third. MEDLINE gives the best indexing coverage with nearly 69% of the journals receiving indexing for at least half of their articles, followed by EMBASE (52%) and PsycINFO (43%). Limited coverage is given by the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (16%) and ERIC (14%). The findings name titles that should be added by indexing services and those that should have more complete coverage.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1981

Survey findings of health education in Health Maintenance Organizations.

A questionnaire was mailed to all HMOs which were either federally qualified or applying for federal qualification, as of May 1978. The survey, which attained a 77% response rate, collected information on the frequency, providers, methods and health problem areas of health education programs in HMOs as well as other health education information. Survey findings show that certain program areas such as nutrition education and weight reduction programs have received greater emphasis than other patient education areas. Certain organizational factors are shown to be useful in describing differences in plans' commitments to health educations. Recommendations are made for further research to identify clearer relationships between health education and other HMO characteristics. HMOs are recommended to assess the health education needs of their memberships and to educate staff regarding their own health risks, health education skills and member expectations and rights.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using health psychology to support health education.

Health psychology underpins health behaviour and effective health education. This article introduces the reader to concepts of health psychology and assists in linking these to practical health education approaches for patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Education for health. A role for physicians and the efficacy of health education efforts. Council on Scientific Affairs.

Health education efforts have grown dramatically over the past decade and seek to improve the health of individuals by providing them with information that will lead to behavioral changes and thereby result in improved health. There is now substantial evidence to support the idea that health education activities can alter health behaviors, even though the mechanisms by which health education efforts succeed are largely unknown. Physicians could add to the success of health education efforts by incorporating preventive services into their patient encounters, particularly patients in high-risk situations. There are many examples of successful physician-based interventions, and a new emphasis on preventive services in primary care is emerging.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1996

Health education, the health promotion movement, and communication.

This paper explores the debate between health education and health promotion. It is argued that each is located in a different philosophical tradition, The Modern and The Post-Modern. The Health Promotion movement can unintentionally undermine the very basis of prevention. It is argued that a skills-based approach is required. Drawing on the work of Habermas, a model for the effective delivery of the public health education message is outlined.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

An investigation into nurses' understanding of health education and health promotion within a neuro-rehabilitation setting.

This qualitative study was undertaken at two neuro-rehabilitation centres in England, with the aim of exploring the nurses' understanding of health education and health promotion and their role within it, and their perception of illness and wellness related to disability. The principle of methodical triangulation was employed using questionnaires, group interviews and content analysis of client care plans. Although the nurses had difficulty distinguishing between health promotion and health education, differences did emerge which were supported by the literature. The nurses generally identified their role as being one of health promotion. However, they tended to equate wellness with physical independence. As a result of the study a health promotion model based on the principles of self-empowerment is suggested, which could be used as a framework for rehabilitation nurses and other professionals to enable them to focus on health and wellness rather than illness and disability.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Research in dental health education and health promotion: a review of the literature.

This article presents a review of research in dental health education and health promotion. In the period 1982 to 1992, a total of 57 studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to alter individuals' behavior related to dental health were identified. Combining the results of these 57 studies with descriptive articles published over the same period, it appears that dental health education can result in improvements in objective measures of dental health behaviors and actual oral health measures, but has only limited success in changing attitudes towards dental issues and achieves only short-term gains in knowledge. The limited use of theoretical frameworks, poor statistical analyses, the use of convenient samples and the short post-intervention follow-up periods diminish the contribution of this research to the development of dental health policy and the formation of strategies to improve the health of communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Importance of health education research to health education.

OBJECTIVE: To focus on the benefits and importance of research to the practice of health education. METHODS: The paper discussed the potential of quality research as well as the barriers that keep health educators from using, applying, and sharing their work. RESULTS: The basic challenges health educators face in translating their research into practice relate to: becoming well-versed in the science base and previous lessons learned; collaborating effectively; and passing on knowledge by mentoring. CONCLUSIONS: To move forward, health educators need to organize their knowledge and make it accessible. This includes explicit and tacit knowledge, work in progress, and a coordinated research agenda. Finally, health educators need to be flexible so they can enable future research needs.

Health Education↗
PubMed1981

Death education within health education: current status, future directions.

A national survey was conducted among 205 university level divisions/departments of health education to determine the current status of death education courses within the health education field. Forty-nine college and university health educators currently teaching the course returned usable instruments. Death education receives the same credit, utilizes similar grading systems and is generally managed much like other academic courses. Since the discipline is in its infancy and many teachers are relatively unprepared, respondents called for greater quality control and improved professional preparation. Several concerns accompanying the growth of death education were identified.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1979

The cost benefit debate in evaluating health education.

Health education programmes are often evaluated to determine their effectiveness and cost benefit to the NHS. Author argues that evaluation is not always as straightforward as it may appear initially and therefore it is essential to determine the degree of validity associated with such exercises.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2001

Searching for evidence about health education and health behavior interventions.

Evidence is fundamental to science, but finding the right evidence in health education and health behavior (HEHB) is often a challenge. The authors discuss some of the controversies about the types of evidence that should be considered acceptable in HEHB, the tension between the use of qualitative versus quantitative data, the need for measures of important but neglected constructs, and interpretation of data from experimental and nonexperimental research. This article discusses some of the challenges to the use of evidence and describes a number of strategies and some forces encouraging the use of evidence-based interventions. Finally, the authors suggest ways to improve the practice and dissemination of evidence-based HEHB. Ultimately, if evidence-based interventions are not disseminated, the interventions will not achieve their potential. The goal should be to develop more effective interventions and disseminate them to improve the public's health.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed1978

The relevance of health education to health activation and self-care.

Contemporary medical care is a valuable but incomplete approach to health. The individual is coming to be recognized by many providers and consumers of health care alike as the primary health care resource, and individual behaviors and lifestyles are now recognized as the principle determinants of health. A new trend toward health activation is emerging which emphasizes self-care and self-help. This movement is transforming the traditionally passive patient into an active, informed and effective participant in health care and health promotion. The recent interest in programs designed to enhance self-care skills is extremely relevant to health education in the schools and the community. The prime justification of health education has traditionally been one of promoting individual responsibility for generating and maintaining health. Integration of health education concepts may have an overall effect of enhancing health in the United States.

Activities of Daily Living↗