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PubMed2002

Beneficial effects of L-arginine supplementation in experimental hyperlipemia-hyperglycemia in the hamster.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether administration of L-arginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, was able to ameliorate the endothelial dysfunction and the morphological changes induced by the combined insult of hyperlipemia and hyperglycemia. To this purpose, golden Syrian hamsters were rendered simultaneously hyperlipemic and diabetic (HD group) for 24 weeks, and then orally treated with 622.14 mg/kg per day L-arginine, for 12 weeks (HD + L-arg group). The following assays were carried out: (1) spectrophotometric: concentrations of circulating glucose, cholesterol, and creatinine, the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and the osmotic fragility of erythrocyte plasmalemma; (2) myographic: the endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation of the resistance arteries (i.d. 210-250 microm) to 10(-8) to 10(-4) M acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP); and (3) electron-microscopic: the ultrastructure of the resistance arteries, myocardium, and kidney glomeruli, which are main targets of hypertensive complications. The results showed that oral supplementation with L-arginine in simultaneous hyperlipemia-hyperglycemia induced in hamsters had favorable effects on: (1) homeostasis, i.e., diminished the concentration of circulating glucose (by ~63%) and cholesterol (by approximately 10%), reduced the ACE activity (by approximately 45%), and lowered the osmotic fragility of erythrocyte plasmalemma (as marker for the oxidative stress in plasma); (2) mesenteric resistance arteries, which showed (in 10(-4) M ACh) an improved endothelium-dependent relaxation (72.40+/-4.6% in the HD + L-arg group vs 61.90+/-1.45% in the HD group) and a reduced thickness (approximately 1.32-fold) of the smooth muscle cells' extracellular matrix; and (3) the heart, which displayed approximately 16% diminishing of the thickness of the left ventricular wall, and an apparently normal structure of the myocardium; the restoration of the thickness of the pericapillary extracellular matrix to almost normal dimensions was also observed. Administration of L-arginine did not modify the high level of plasma creatinine determined for the HD group (approximately 48% increased vs control group) and had no effect on the thickened, nodular basal lamina of the kidney capillaries. The results indicate that endothelial dysfunction established in combined hyperlipemia-diabetes is distinctive for each vascular bed (mesenteric arterioles, heart capillaries, kidney glomerular capillaries), and there is a reversible stage of the dysfunction in which L-arginine oral supplementation induced beneficial effects.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1983

Hypernatremia induces hyperlipemia and a fatty liver.

Hypernatremic states, often the result of hypothalamic osmoreceptor dysfunction in humans, are sometimes accompanied by hyperlipemia. To investigate whether hypernatremia could cause hyperlipemia we induced hypernatremia in three groups of rats with their respective controls: Group A rats received hypertonic saline alone intragastrically; group B animals were pair-fed and tap water was substituted for hypertonic saline in the treated group; in group C the rats were again fed intragastrically with a liquid diet mixed with hypertonic saline. Rats receiving excess salt had mean serum Na+ concentrations exceeding 159 mmoles/l. While the serum triglyceride values were significantly higher in all hypernatremic rats, hepatic triglyceride content was greater only in group C rats (p less than .01). Serum free fatty acids and ketone bodies were also higher in group C rats (p less than .01) as compared to controls. These data suggest that hypernatremia by itself leads to hyperlipemia and a fatty liver.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

The contractile response of the mesenteric resistance arteries to prostaglandin F2alpha; effects of simultaneous hyperlipemia-diabetes.

The effect of hyperlipemia associated with diabetes on the contractility of resistance arteries to prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) was investigated employing 4 weeks simultaneously hyperlipemic-diabetic (HD), hyperlipemic (H), diabetic (D) and normal hamsters (controls, C). The isometric force produced by explanted arteries in the presence of 10(-8) to 10(-5) M PGF2alpha was recorded by the myograph technique. The results showed that compared with controls, the contractile response to 10(-5) M PGF2alpha was approx. 2 fold increased in HD group, and approx. 1.75 and 1.62-fold enhanced in H and D groups, respectively. Activation of protein kinase C with 10(-6) M phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased the contractility to PGF2alpha in all groups and particularly in HD hamsters (approx. 10.16-fold). Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by indomethacin increased approx. 1.81-fold the arterial contractility to PGF2alpha in C group, whereas in H, D and HD hamsters had no effect. Blockage of Ca(2+)-activated K(+)-channels with 10(-3) M tetraethylammonium augmented the contraction to PGF2alpha approx. 6.43-fold in C group, and at significantly lower levels in H, D and HD groups, i.e. approx. 3.84, 3.72 and 3.33-fold, respectively. The results validate two conclusions: (i) simultaneous insult of hyperlipemia-hyperglycemia is associated with the highest contractility of the resistance arteries to PGF2alpha; the highest circulating glucose and cholesterol levels, and the enhancement in the protein kinase C pathway underlay the augmented contractility; (ii) no matter the pathology induced (hyperlipemia, diabetes or both simultaneously) a common dysfunctional response to PGF2alpha was installed; this consists in a reduced effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition, and a altered activity of Ca(2+) dependent K(+) channels.

Aging↗

PubMed1997

Polyenylphosphatidylcholine attenuates alcohol-induced fatty liver and hyperlipemia in rats.

Chronic administration of a soybean-derived polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) extract prevents the development of cirrhosis in alcohol-fed baboons. To assess whether this phospholipid also affects earlier changes induced by alcohol consumption (such as fatty liver and hyperlipemia), 28 male rat littermates were pair-fed liquid diets containing 36% of energy either as ethanol or as additional carbohydrate for 21 d, and killed 90 min after intragastric administration of the corresponding diets. Half of the rats were given PPC (3 g/l), whereas the other half received the same amount of linoleate (as safflower oil) and choline (as bitartrate salt). PPC did not affect diet or alcohol consumption [15.4 +/- 0.5 G/(kg.d)], but the ethanol-induced hepatomegaly and the hepatic accumulation of lipids (principally triglycerides and cholesterol esters) and proteins were about half those in rats not given PPC. The ethanol-induced postprandial hyperlipemia was lower with PPC than without, despite an enhanced fat absorption and no difference in the level of plasma free fatty acids. The attenuation of fatty liver and hyperlipemia was associated with correction of the ethanol-induced inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation of palmitoyl-1-carnitine and the depression of cytochrome oxidase activity, as well as the increases in activity of serum glutamate dehydrogenase and aminotransferases. Thus, PPC attenuates early manifestations of alcohol toxicity, at least in part, by improving mitochondrial injury. These beneficial effects of PPC at the initial stages of alcoholic liver injury may prevent or delay the progression to more advanced forms of alcoholic liver disease.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Changes of blood biochemical values in ponies recovering from hyperlipemia in Japan.

Hyperlipemia in horses is a disorder of lipid metabolism peculiar to ponies. This study reports changes of blood biochemical values from the acute to the postconvalescent phases in 3 Shetland ponies with hyperlipemia in Japan. Diseased ponies (all 7 to 9 years old, in late pregnancy, and obese) were fed in the same farm. The periods of their hospitalizations ranged from 30 to 45 days. Twelve well-conditioned ponies (3 to 13 years old) around parturition were used to establish baseline values for blood test results. Main clinical findings in the affected ponies were depression, dysphagia, anorexia, ventral edema and milky-appearing plasma. Hypertriglyceridemia (40- to 70-fold rise of controls) was found in the acute phase of the disease in the affected ponies, and was derived from increased very-low density lipoproteins. Aspartate transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinin concentrations were increased in acute ponies compared to controls, suggesting impairment of liver and kidney functions. However, these values gradually recovered until the end of postconvalescent phase. Hyperinsulinemia was observed in the acute phase of the hyperlipemia of all affected ponies. And an exaggerated insulin response to intravenous glucose was observed in the 2 ponies given intravenous glucose tolerance tests. These findings suggest decreased insulin sensitivity in hyperlipemic ponies.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and hyperlipemia in type II diabetics.

The relationship between apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism and plasma lipids and hyperlipemia was investigated in 105 male type II diabetics and 111 male nondiabetics. ApoE phenotypes were determined by a one-dimensional rapid flat gel isoelectric focusing method as described previously. The apoE phenotype frequency in diabetics was similar to that in nondiabetics. The frequency of hyperlipemia was higher in diabetics (56.2%) than in nondiabetics (32.4%). It was highest in the apoE3/2 group of diabetics and nondiabetics, followed by the apoE4/3 and apoE3/3 groups in the order described, indicating that the susceptibility to hyperlipemia differs among the apoE phenotype groups. ApoE3/2 diabetics had significantly higher levels of apoE and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (chol)/VLDL triglyceride (TG) ratios than apoE3/3 diabetics. The effects of diabetes mellitus on plasma lipid levels differed among the various apoE phenotype groups: i.e., plasma total chol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) chol increased only in apoE3/2 and apoE4/3 diabetics and plasma high-density lipoprotein chol decreased only in apoE3/3 diabetics, as compared with the corresponding apoE phenotype groups of nondiabetics, whereas plasma TG, VLDL TG, and VLDL chol increased in the three apoE phenotype diabetics. Furthermore, an increase of apoEII:apoEIII ratio was observed in apoE3/3 diabetics, particularly in those with hypertriglyceridemia. This study has also shown that the increased apoEII:apoEIII ratio is due to increased sialation of apoE based on the study of sialidase digestion of apo VLDL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed2000

The effects of simultaneous hyperlipemia-hyperglycemia on the resistance arteries, myocardium and kidney glomeruli.

The experimental model of Golden Syrian hamster subjected to concomitant hyperlipemia (diet-induced) and diabetes (by streptozotocin injection) for 24 weeks is characterised by the prevalence of micro- and macroangiopathies. We have used the hyperlipemic-diabetic (HD) hamsters to investigate: a) whether there is an alteration in the reactivity of the resistance arteries (mean internal diameter: 210-250 microm), b) if present, which are the structural and biochemical changes that accompany the functional modifications, and c) to examine the pathomorphological changes induced by the association of hyperlipemia and diabetes on vital organs such as myocardium and kidney glomeruli. To these aims, biochemical assays of plasma components, light- and electronmicroscopy, myographic, morphometric and spectrofluorimetric techniques were used. The mesenteric resistance arteries of HD hamsters exhibited (as compared to similar arteries in normals) a decreased contractile response to noradrenaline (1.86+/-0.35 vs. 2.43+/-0.21), and an impeded endothelium dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (approximately 61.40% vs. approximately 79.80%). The association of hyperlipemia with diabetes induced changes in morphology of the resistance arteries consisting in approximately 10% increase of the intima plus media cross-sectional area, approximately 20% decrease of the vascular lumen area, and approximately 2.85 fold augmentation of the wall to lumen ratio. The resistance arteries exhibited structural modifications of the endothelium (up to 8 copies of Weibel-Palade bodies/endothelial cell), and smooth muscle cells (secretory phenotype), and in the vessels media small calcification cores appeared embedded in a hyperplasic extracellular matrix. The vascular mesenteric bed of the HD hamsters contained approximately 2.30 and approximately 1.30 fold increased concentrations of AGE-collagen and pentosidine, respectively, above the normal values. The HD hamsters displayed also modifications that may be dependent on or may lead to an increase in blood pressure, such as: a) approximately 2 fold increase in the activity of serum angiotensin converting enzyme; b) approximately 4.8 fold enhancement of erythrocytes fragility (as a measure of the oxidative stress); c) left ventricular hypertrophy associated with a progressive disarray of cardiomyocyte contractile fibers, interruptions of the Z bands, and accumulation of collagen-rich extracellular matrix indicative of interstitial fibrosis; d) the kidney glomerular capillaries appeared partially or totally collapsed, with a thickened basement membrane which appeared polymorphic, and in some locations made up of successive layers connected by fine bridges and intercalated nodules; in addition, an increase (approximately 1.50 fold) of the mesangial volume was indicative of glomerulosclerosis.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1999

[Effects of lovastatin on plasma lipid, plasma glucose and insulin metabolism of patients with type II B hyperlipemia].

This study was directed at the effects of lovastatin on plasma glucose and insulin metabolism of patients with Type II B hyperlipemia. Thirty patients with Type II B hyperlipemia were observed. At the beginning, We detected the patients' TC, TG, HDL-C, VLDL-C with enzyme assay, calculated their LDL-C with formula, determined their plasmaglucose(PG) with oxidase assay and plasma insulin(PI) with immunoradioassay, and then we performed OGTT and insulin release test, these indices were detected again after the administration of 8 weeks' lovastatin therapy (20 mg per day). The results showed that, aftert the therapy, TC and LDL-C decreased significantly(P < 0.05), TG, HDL-C and VLDL-C had no significant change(P > 0.05). Fasting plasma glucose(FPG) and fasting plasma insulin(FPI) increased (the former, P < 0.05). Two hours after administration of glucose, the level of plasma glucose(2hPG) and plasma insulin(2hPI)increased(the latter, P < 0.05). 1/(FPG x FPI) had no significant change, but 1/(2hPG x 2hPI) decreased (P < 0.05). These data indicate that long-period use of lavastatin may cause insulin resistance. So we advise patients with Type II B hyperlipemia treated by statin to limit their glucose intake in case of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

[Experimental study of Yishou tiaozhi tablet on inhibiting hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Yishou Tiaozhi tablet on lipid-metabolism and aortic intimal atherosclerotic plaque coverage in rabbit's model of experimental hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis. METHODS: Thirty-two rabbits were divided randomly into four groups, group A, B, C and D, 8 in each group. Forage with cholesterol and lipid plus 1.59 g/kg of Yishou Tiaozhi tablet was fed to the group A every day; to the group B, 22.54 mg/kg gypenoside tablet was added to forage with cholesterol and lipid; to the group C, forage with cholesterol and lipid was fed; and to the group D, ordinary forage only. Biochemical parameters were measured and pathomorphological examination were carried out 6 weeks later. RESULTS: (1) Yishou Tiaozhi tablet obviously lowered the levels of serum TC, TG, AI, ApoB, LP (a), ox-LDL, HYP, plasma Ca2+, TXB2 and increased the levels of serum HDL-ch, ApoA1, ApoA1/APoB, plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha(P < 0.01). (2) Pathomorphological examination showed that in the group A aortic intimal atherosclerotic plaque area and arterial intima thickness obviously reduced, smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and elastic fibers were not seen. CONCLUSION: Yishou Tiaozhi tablet can inhibit experimental hyperlipemia and atherogenesis. It is an ideal and effective medicine in preventing and treating hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Recurrent pancreatitis and hyperlipemia. Clinical case and review of the literature].

It is discussed the case of a patient, a 45 year old female, who suffered two episodes of acute pancreatitis in one year. This patient is not an alcoholic but diabetic, atherosclerotic and with type IV hyperlipemia. It is presented some reports of the medical literature on the matter and some possible pathogenic mechanisms to explain the pancreatitis associated to hyperlipemia. In this particular case the authors do not consider the hyperlipemia secondary to a pancreatitis but a precipitating factor.

Diabetes Complications↗

PubMed1992

Clinical and experimental studies on tong yu ling in the treatment of diabetic hyperlipemia.

72 diabetes mellitus patients (70 cases non-insulin-dependent) were treated routinely with D860. After one month, cases with persisting hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia were randomly divided into Group A to be treated with D860 plus Tong Yu Ling (TYL), and Group B to continue treatment with D860 alone, while Group C, comprising cases with persisting hyperlipemia only, were treated with TYL alone. Therapeutic results showed that of the total 50 cases of Group A and C, 26 were markedly improved, 14 improved, and 10 cases ineffective. The antihyperlipemic effect was pronounced in Group A, where the blood cholesterol, beta-lipoprotein and triglyceride showed remarkable decline, less pronounced in Group C, and insignificant in Group B. Experiments in rat models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes demonstrated that TYL was markedly effective in treating hyperlipemia.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Comparison of effect between multiplex and simplex nutritional intervention on hyperlipemia, hypertension or diabetes].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of simplex and multiplex nutritional intervention on hyperlipemia, hypertension or diabetes. METHODS: 260 persons who have hyperlipemia were randomized to 3 groups: (1) "the multiplex nutritional intervention group", is given 100 g coarse food grain everyday and nutrition education, (2) "the simplex nutritional intervention group", is only given nutrition education, (3) "the control group". RESULTS: After three months, the degressive value of blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipid respectively in the multiplex nutritional intervention group were larger than in the simplex nutritional intervention. CONCLUSION: There are better effect on hyperlipemia, hypertension and diabetes by nutrition education plus passive dietary intervention than by nutrition education.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Use of a human enteral feeding preparation for treatment of hyperlipemia and nutritional support during healing of an esophageal laceration in a miniature horse.

Nasogastric infusion of a human enteral feeding preparation was effective in reversing hyperlipemia in an anorectic miniature horse with an esophageal laceration. The nutrient preparation was delivered every 4 hours by gravity flow through a 12 F enteral feeding tube. Within 48 hours of initiating enteral nutrition, the hyperlipemia had resolved. Signs of intolerance to the preparation were not observed, and further weight loss was prevented. The use of a human enteral formula was a convenient and successful alternative for the treatment of hyperlipemia in the horse.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Effects of cake-separated moxibustion on ultrastructures of endothelial cells of aorta in the rabbit of hyperlipemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of cake-separated moxibustion in treatment of hyperlipemia. METHODS: Sixty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, a blank group,a model group, a direct moxibustion group and a cake-separated moxibustion group. Hyperlipemia model was developed by high fat diet of cholesterol. Changes of ultrastructures of endothelial cells of the aorta of the rabbit were observed with electron microscope. RESULTS: The endothelial cells in the cake-separated moxibustion group were more intact, most of them were normal in forms, internal elastic membrane was continuous, their thickness was even, the cells of smooth muscles in the medial membrane were relatively normal, which are similar to those in the blank control group. But the structure of endothelial cells of the aorta in the model group disappeared, in cytoplasm the sedimentation of a great number of lipids can be seen, internal elastic membrane was interrupted, the thickness was uneven, with focal dissolution, the cells of smooth muscle in the medial membrane had sedimentation of lipids, with frothy change. CONCLUSION: Cake-separated moxibustion has a certain protective action on endothelial cells of the aorta in the rabbit of hyperlipemia.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Study on the relationship between polymorphism of ApoE gene and TCM syndrome type of primary hyperlipemia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the polymorphism of ApoE gene and TCM syndrome type of primary hyperlipemia. METHODS: ApoE genotype of 102 patients with hyperlipemia was detected by gene PCR sequencing. RESULTS: A total of five genotypes were detectable, they were E2/2, E3/3, E4/4, E2/3 and E3/4. The frequency of E3/4 + E4/4 and epsilon4 allelotype detected in the patients of Gan-Shen Yin deficiency syndrome type were significantly higher than those in patients of Pi-Shen Yang-deficiency type or of phlegm stagnation type (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and which in patients of Qi-stagnation caused blood stasis type were significantly higher than those in patients of phlegm stagnation type ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Polymorphism of ApoE gene is related in a certain degree to TCM syndrome type of primary hyperlipemia.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Effects of replenishing qi, promoting blood circulation and resolving phlegm on vascular endothelial function and blood coagulation system in senile patients with hyperlipemia.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effect of the method of replenishing qi, promoting blood circulation and resolving phlegm on senile hyperlipemia and its effects on vascular endothelial function and blood coagulation system. METHOD: 96 patients with senile hyperlipemia were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. 56 patients in the treatment group orally took danshen jueming granules while 40 patients in the control group orally took xuezhikang capsules. Observed were indexes of blood lipid, vascular endothelial function, blood coagulation system and safety. RESULTS: After treatment, the treatment group was obviously superior to the control group (P < 0.05) in reducing plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as in the ratio of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) to 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-keto-PGF1alpha), D-dimer (D-D) and fibrinogen (FIB). CONCLUSION: Danshen Jueming Granules have the effect of regulating metabolism of blood lipid, and improving vascular endothelial function and blood coagulation system in senile patients with hyperlipemia.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hyperlipemias and their manifestations in the rheumatological sphere].

It is fairly frequent to encounter hyperlipemia on a rheumatic unit. Firstly the symptoms of certain idiopathic hyperlipemias sometimes include rheumatic changes. The latter include firstly, arthritis and tendinitis, above all observed in Type II hyperlipoproteinemia but also mentionned in Type IV, and secondly, exceptional bony lesions (generally of xanthoma type) which seem to occur exclusively in severe hyperglyceridemia. A few bone and joint diseases, such as gout or aseptic necrosis, frequently coexist with dyslipemia. Furthermore, various diseases may be simultaneously responsible for secondary hyperlipemia and involvement of the locomotor apparatus. Finally, the iatrogenic manifestations of the locomotor system appear mainly due to hypolipemic drugs, e.g. the muscle disorders seen in a few patients treated with clofibrate.

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗

PubMed1991

Effects of hyperlipemia on radioimmunoassays for progesterone, testosterone, thyroxine, and cortisol in serum and plasma samples from dogs.

Hyperlipemic serum and plasma samples often are received by clinical laboratories for endocrinologic analysis by radioimmunoassay. We designed a study to determine what effect, if any, hyperlipemia has on estimation of lipid-soluble hormone concentrations determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassays. Progesterone, testosterone, thyroxine, and cortisol concentrations were determined in canine plasma and serum with various degrees of lipemia. Samples of serum, heparinized plasma, and EDTA-treated plasma were obtained from blood collected from 4 female and 4 male Beagles by use of evacuated tubes. To induce hyperlipemia in vitro, IV fat emulsion was diluted in deionized water to produce 0 (water only), 33, 67, or 100% mixtures. Twenty microliters of each mixture then was added to the subsamples of serum and plasma from each dog. Hormone concentrations were determined, using validated radioimmunoassays. Triglyceride concentrations were determined by enzymatic assay. Addition of IV fat emulsion in vitro was an accurate and reproducible means of altering triglyceride concentrations in the samples. Triglyceride concentrations as high as 700 mg/dl had no effect on radioimmunoassays for progesterone, testosterone, and thyroxine in serum, heparinized plasma, or EDTA-treated plasma. Addition of 100% (but not 33 or 67%) fat emulsion reduced the mean cortisol concentration in heparinized plasma by 12% (P less than 0.05). This severe hyperlipemia did not affect quantification of cortisol in serum or EDTA-treated plasma.

Animals↗