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PubMed1995

Breast cancer and family history: a multivariate analysis of levels of tumor HER2 protein and family history of cancer in women who have breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The HER2 gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 17, codes for a protein with the characteristics of a growth factor receptor. In a preliminary study, we reported that high levels of tumor HER2 (erbB-2/neu) protein are associated with a family history of breast cancer (that is, one or more female blood relatives with breast cancer). METHODS: We have now collected a larger number of subjects (94) and performed a multivariate analysis of the independent variables family history of breast cancer, tumor estrogen receptor, age, and tumor DNA index. Family history of breast cancer was assessed by questioning the patient, in many cases by telephone. RESULTS: HER2 levels were significantly higher in women with a family history of breast cancer (p = 0.015, two-tailed t-test). The 27 women with family history were predominantly postmenopausal, mean age 61 +/- 2.3 (mean +/- SEM), versus a mean age of 56 +/- 1.7 for the 67 women with no family history. Of the 27 women with a family history of breast cancer, 13 had a first-degree relative (mother or sister) with the disease. The remaining 14 women had other relatives (grandmothers, aunts, cousins, or a niece) with breast cancer. The results of multiple linear regression analysis, with HER2 as the dependent variable, showed that family history of breast cancer was significantly associated with elevated HER2 levels in the tumors (p = 0.0038), after controlling for the effects of age, tumor estrogen receptor, and DNA index. CONCLUSIONS: The association of family history of breast cancer and elevated tumor HER2 protein suggests that postmenopausal familial breast cancer may be associated with altered HER2 expression.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2005

Routine history as compared to audio computer-assisted self-interview for prenatal care history taking.

OBJECTIVE: To compare endorsement rates obtained with audio computer-assisted self-interview versus routine prenatal history. STUDY DESIGN: A crosssectional study compared items captured with the routine history to those captured with a computer interview (computer screen displaying and computer audio reading questions, with responses entered by touch screen). The subjects were women (n=174) presenting to a public hospital clinic for prenatal care. RESULTS: The prevalence of positive responses using the computer interview was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than with the routine history for induced abortion (16.8% versus 4.0%), lifetime smoking (12.8% versus 5.2%), intimate partner violence (10.0% versus 2.4%), ectopic pregnancy (5.2% versus 1.1%) and family history of mental retardation (6.7% versus 0.6%). Significant differences were not found for history of spontaneous abortion, hypertension, epilepsy, thyroid disease, smoking during pregnancy, gynecologic surgery, abnormal Pap test, neural tube defect or cystic fibrosis family history. However, in all cases, prevalence was equal or greater with the computer interview. CONCLUSION: Women were more likely to report sensitive and high-risk behavior, such as smoking history, intimate partner violence and elective abortion, with the computer interview. The computer interview displayed equal or increased patient reporting of positive responses and may therefore be an accurate method of obtaining an initial history.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1996

Family history of coronary heart disease is a stronger predictor of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality than family history of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of family history of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and coronary heart disease (CHD) as risk factors for CHD morbidity and mortality. Altogether, 394 siblings of NIDDM probands and non-diabetic probands, with and without CHD, were followed for 8 years with respect to CHD events in a prospective population-based study. The baseline study was conducted from 1983 to 1985. Age- and sex-adjusted cumulative occurrence of CHD events was higher in the siblings of the probands with CHD and with NIDDM (13.1%; P = 0.037) and in the siblings of the probands with CHD and without NIDDM (15.4%; P = 0.054), compared with the siblings of the probands without NIDDM and without CHD (4.8%). The incidence of fatal CHD events tended to be higher in a group with a family history of NIDDM and CHD, but the trend was not statistically significant. In univariate logistic regression analyses, a family history of CHD was positively associated with cumulative occurrence of CHD events (odds ratio 2.53, P = 0.009), whereas a family history of NIDDM had no significant association (odds ratio 1.39, P = 0.312). After adjustment for age, sex, family history of NIDDM and major cardiovascular risk factors, the association between family history of CHD and cumulative occurrence of CHD events remained significant (odds ratio 2.25, P = 0.048). In conclusion, the present study indicates that a family history of CHD is a stronger predictor of future CHD events than a family history of NIDDM.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Psychosocial characteristics of adolescents with a past history of dysthymic disorder: comparison with adolescents with past histories of major depressive and non-affective disorders, and never mentally ill controls.

Little is known about the psychosocial functioning of persons who have recovered from dysthymic disorder. Such information might be useful in identifying trait markers for dysthymia, and for guiding continuation and maintenance treatment. We explored this issue using data from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project, a large community-based study of the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in a high school population. Four groups of adolescents were identified: 38 with a past history of dysthymic disorder; 217 with a past history of major depressive disorder; 142 with a past history of non-affective disorders; and 1079 with no lifetime history of psychopathology. The groups were compared on an extensive battery of psychosocial variables. The most consistent and diagnostically specific finding was that adolescents with a past history of dysthymic disorder reported having a significantly lower level of social support from friends than each of the other three groups of adolescents. Adolescents with a past history of dysthymic disorder also reported significantly higher levels of depressive, internalizing and externalizing symptoms and daily hassles than adolescents with no lifetime history of psychopathology. In addition, they reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and self-consciousness, but fewer externalizing symptoms than adolescents with a past history of non-affective disorders. These data suggest that adolescents with dysthymic disorder continue to experience significant difficulties in psychosocial functioning even after recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Kant on the history of nature: the ambiguous heritage of the critical philosophy for natural history.

This paper seeks to show Kant's importance for the formal distinction between descriptive natural history and a developmental history of nature that entered natural history discussions in the late eighteenth century. It is argued that he developed this distinction initially upon Buffon's distinctions of 'abstract' and 'physical' truths, and applied these initially in his distinction of 'varieties' from 'races' in anthropology. In the 1770s, Kant appears to have given theoretical preference to the 'history' of nature [Naturgeschichte] over 'description' of nature [Naturbeschreibung]. Following Kant's confrontations with Johann Herder and Georg Forster in the late 1780s, Kant weakened the epistemic status of the 'history of nature' and gave theoretical preference to 'description of nature'. As a result, Kant's successors, such as Goethe, could draw from Kant either a justification for a developmental history of nature, or, as this paper argues, a warrant from the critical philosophy for denying the validity of the developmental history of nature as anything more than a 'regulative' idea of reason.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1998

History of public health-history in public health: looking back and looking forward.

The history of public health is a given aspect of general (cultural, social and political) history. It is subject to conditions and quality standards given in general history. History in public health is-in contrast to a history of public health-guided by the relevance of its questions and issues for present-day problems of general decision-making in public health care. The task of history in public health is the background analysis of social changes in public health. History in public health clarifies the actual field of public health with respect to its open and hidden lines and factors of development.

Historiography↗
PubMed2000

Ghost of the past: capturing history and the history of nursing.

Historians of nursing are presented with the formidable task of attempting to decipher the history of a group about whom the documents are scarce, and who have rarely, if ever, written about themselves. It can be rather like a lottery searching through archives for documentary evidence, the task is hardly more tractable when the archival material does not exist. It is hard enough to decipher the ideas of our predecessors, virtually impossible when these ideas were written by some other than to whom they refer. This, it could be argued, prevents historians of nursing from undertaking the sort of history expounded by the followers of the positivist tradition, including Geoffrey Elton. For Elton, the documents were everything, and that they above all else should be the point of focus, if they do not exist how can a history of nursing be attempted at all. In 1961 Edward Hallett Carr's, What is History? was published. Richard Evans 36 years later argues that the question is not so much 'What is history?', but 'Is it possible to do history at all?'. In this paper the aim is to identify the difficulties in doing historical research, and also ask a third question, 'What or whom is history for?'

Archives↗
PubMed2006

Effect of personal cancer history and family cancer history on levels of psychological distress.

This study examined the impact of personal and family cancer history on psychological distress. Regression analyses were conducted on a nationally representative sample of adult individuals who participated in the 2000 National Health Interview Survey, USA. Effects on distress of a personal cancer history, any family cancer history, or mother, father, sister or brother with a cancer history were examined. The interaction of personal and family cancer histories and three-way interactions with gender were also assessed. Analyses indicate that having either a personal or family cancer history is linked with significantly greater psychological distress and there is evidence of an interaction. Three-way interactions with gender were not found. Consistent with prior research, results demonstrated that cancer survivors are more distressed than the general population. Results extend prior research by indicating that having a first-degree relative with cancer increases risk for distress, and having personal and family cancer histories may exert a synergistic effect on distress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Occupational medical history taking: how are today's physicians doing? A cross-sectional investigation of the frequency of occupational history taking by physicians in a major US teaching center.

Occupational illness plays a prominent role in the health of society, yet physicians frequently neglect occupational history-taking both in clinical practice and in medical education. This study sought to examine the trends as well as related factors that influence the taking of occupationally related histories. A total of 2050 charts were reviewed for occupational information as well as several patient demographics. Physicians obtained gender and age histories in approximately 99% of their patients; however; they only completed an occupational history in 27.8%. Characteristics such as smoking, male gender, family cancer history, middle age, and medical (vs. surgical) admission were all correlated with obtaining an occupational history. Physicians continue to do a poor job of occupational history-taking and medical education must correct the situation.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2004

Personal history and family history as a predictor of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma risk: a case-control study in Taiwan.

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the risk of gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma for patients with a personal and/or family history of gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS: The present study was a hospital-based case-control study conducted from 1992 to 1997 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, consisting of 176 cases and 579 controls matched by age, sex, and time of hospitalization. With informed oral consent, each subject completed a structured questionnaire during hospitalization regarding sociodemographic status, lifestyle, and health history. RESULTS: The response rate was 98%. Adjusting for age, sex, years of schooling, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), and smoking. Multivariate logistic regression models indicated a reduced effect for patients with a personal history of duodenal ulcer (DU) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-0.9). No association was observed between the risk of gastric cardiac cancer and other forms of gastric disease. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that individuals with a family history of gastric cancer had a higher risk than those who lacked a family history (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.8). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide further evidence that individuals with DU history are less likely to have gastric cardiac cancer, and we infer that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection (85-95% DU patients infected with H. pylori) alone may not be sufficient to cause gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma. In addition, this study also suggests that a positive family history of gastric cancer may predict an increased risk for the disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

The effect of masker interaural time delay on the masking level difference in children with history of normal hearing or history of otitis media with effusion.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between the masking level difference (MLD) and the interaural time delay of the stimulus in children with a history of normal hearing and with a history of otitis media with effusion (OME). DESIGN: MLDs for a 500 Hz pure tone presented in a 100 Hz-wide masking noise were determined as a function of the interaural delay of the masker (six interaural delays between -726 microsec and +998 microsec were examined). For the masker with zero interaural delay, the signal was presented either interaurally in-phase or 180 degrees out of phase. For the masker delay conditions, the signal was given the same interaural delay as the masker and then was inverted interaurally. All children had normal audiograms at the time of testing. Ten children had a history of normal hearing and seven children had a history of OME. RESULTS: Similar to what has been found previously in adults, children with a history of normal hearing showed the maximum MLD (approximately 16 dB) for an interaural time delay of 0 microsec, with the MLD decreasing as a function of interaural time delay (by as much as 4 to 5 dB for the extreme delays). Children with a history of OME had significantly smaller MLDs than normal for the three smallest interaural delays but did not differ significantly from normal at the three largest interaural delays. CONCLUSIONS: The form of the function relating masker interaural time delay to MLD magnitude is adult-like by age 6 yr. The function indicates a binaural advantage for the processing of sound near auditory midline. This advantage is less apparent in children having a history of OME.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed2006

The association between a self-reported history of mental health problems and a history of parasuicide in a sample of UK male prisoners.

BACKGROUND: Prisoner parasuicide is a major public and mental health concern worldwide and within the United Kingdom. OBJECTIVES: This study used a cross-sectional design to examine the association between a self-reported history of mental health problems and a history of parasuicide in male prisoners. METHODS: A total sample of 192 convicted prisoners who were about to be released from a local category "B" prison in the UK were approached and asked to complete the "Toolkit for Healthcare Needs Assessment in Prisons" which contained a range of demographic, mental and physical health questions. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS: Fifty-one prisoners participated. The unadjusted odds ratio for having a self-reported history of mental health problems and a self-reported history of parasuicide was 15.6 (95% C.I., 2.96-82.16). Following adjustment for age, living alone, homelessness, illegal drug use and alcohol problems the odds ratio was 11.32 (95% C.I., 1.80-71.13). DISCUSSION: This study provides good evidence of an association between a history of mental health problems and a history of parasuicide in a group of UK male prisoners.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Health, height, and history: an overview of recent developments in anthropometric history.

This paper examines some of the major developments in the field of anthropometric history since the end of the 1970s. The first two sections of the paper consider the conceptual basis of anthropometric history and the relationship between height and the standard of living. Sections 3-7 discuss the contributions made by anthropometric historians to our understanding of the social and economic history of the United States, the history of American slavery, the social history of the United Kingdom, the origins of Habsburg industrialization, and the standard of living in nineteenth-century Sweden. The concluding section summarizes the impact of anthropometric history and identifies a number of areas for further research.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed2006

Does blood donor history accurately reflect the use of prescription medications? A comparison of donor history and serum toxicologic analysis.

BACKGROUND: Blood donor screening is performed to accomplish several goals, including donor safety during collection and recipient safety during transfusion. Donors taking certain medications such as teratogens or platelet-inhibiting drugs are deferred from donation. Studies investigating the accuracy of the donor history are limited and only provide data on select groups of drugs. This study compares the results of an extended serum toxicology analysis to the medication use reported on the donor questionnaire. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Whole-blood samples were collected from 108 volunteer blood donors. A serum toxicology analysis was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The results were compared to those reported on the donor history questionnaire. RESULTS: The medication history was consistent with the reported medications in 96 (89%) donors. Serum toxicology testing detected medications that were not reported on the donor history form in 12 (11%) donors. Most of the donors who did not accurately report their medication use (8 or 67%) were taking psychotropic medications. CONCLUSION: Eleven percent of the donors did not fully disclose their recent medication history. Although none of the omitted medications would have been grounds for deferral, the finding of underreporting questions the reliability of donor screening. Despite a negative medication history, blood donor centers cannot assume that donors are medication-free. This study reveals a bias to omit psychotropic medications such as antidepressants and anxiolytics.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1977

Diagnosis of reaginic allergy with house dust, animal dander and pollen allergens in adult patients. III. Case histories and combinations of case histories, skin tests and the radioallergosorbent test, RAST, compared with provocation tests.

Case histories alone and combined with the results of skin tests and/or the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) were compared with the results of provocation tests in 397 patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis. Case histories often turned out to be doubtful. The agreement between negative histories and negative provocation tests was 77% and that between positive histories and positive provocation tests 64%. When case histories were supported by concordant skin test or RAST results, the agreement with provocation tests increased to about 90%. When a scoring system for the combinations of different diagnostic methods was employed, a 100% agreement with provocation tests was obtained for cases with high scores. It is concluded that by using the case history in conjunction with RAST and/or skin test results, a reliable diagnosis can be achieved, eliminating the necessity of provocation tests.

Allergens↗
PubMed1993

Fibrinogen in relation to personal history of prevalent hypertension, diabetes, stroke, intermittent claudication, coronary heart disease, and family history: the Scottish Heart Health Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relations of plasma fibrinogen to family history of premature heart disease, personal history of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease, and to presence of intermittent claudication. DESIGN: Random population survey across 22 local government districts in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: 10,359 men and women aged 40 to 59 years. Plasma fibrinogen was measured in 8824. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Plasma fibrinogen concentration. RESULTS: Persons with a family history of heart disease or a personal history of high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, or presence of intermittent claudication all had higher plasma fibrinogen concentrations than those without. When compared with participants without cardiovascular or related disease (men: 2.27 (SE = 0.01) g/l, n = 3367; women 2.34 (0.01) g/l, n = 3096), predefined cases of either myocardial infarction (men: 2.51 (0.02) g/l, n = 248; women: 2.63 (0.04) g/l, n = 72) or angina (men: 2.45 (0.02) g/l, n = 394; women: 2.50 (0.02) g/l, n = 398) had significantly higher plasma fibrinogen concentrations (p < 0.001). After adjustment for 10 other coronary risk factors, there was a noticeable linear trend in the odds ratios for myocardial infarction across all quartiles (quarters) of plasma fibrinogen concentrations in both sexes. Similarly, the risk of angina increased linearly with increasing fibrinogen concentrations, although the test for a linear trend was NS among women. CONCLUSIONS: This large population study confirms that plasma fibrinogen is not only a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke, but it is also raised with family history of premature heart disease and with personal history of hypertension, diabetes, and presence of intermittent claudication.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Recent drinking history: association with family history of alcoholism and the acute response to alcohol during a 60 mg% clamp.

OBJECTIVE: Family history of alcoholism (FHA) is associated with increased drinking history, which can be a confounding factor in studies of the influence of FHA on the acute response to alcohol. The objective of this analysis was to investigate the association between recent drinking history (RDH) and FHA in a sample of family history positive (FHP; n = 55, 28 women) and family history negative (FHN; n = 55, 29 women) subjects, and to explore the influence of RDH on the response to alcohol during a 60 mg% clamp. METHOD: RDH was measured using daily diary and timeline followback methods. The total number of drinks in the 4-week (TD28) and 1-week (TD07) intervals prior to the study were determined, as well as the number of drinking days in the same intervals. Dependent measures of brain function were obtained at baseline (B0), immediately after the target BrAC was achieved (B1) and 105 minutes later (B2). The alcohol response was quantified as an initial response (ira = B1-B0) and an adaptive response (ada = B2-B1). The association between RDH and the ira and ada measures was tested using multivariate regression. RESULTS: The RDH measures showed a large variance across subjects, with no significant differences between FHP and FHN groups in the study sample. The initial responses for subjective perceptions of "high" and "intoxicated," Alcohol Sensation Scale scores and scores for the grooved pegboardtask were significantly negatively associated with TD28. Acute tolerance to perceptions of "high" and "intoxication" was significantly negatively associated with TD28. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy drinking history is associated with a decreased initial response to alcohol and greater acute tolerance to alcohol, particularly for subjective measures. Although RDH was not associated with FHA in this study, it may be an important determinant of the response to alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lung cancer in women: the importance of smoking, family history of cancer, and medical history of respiratory disease.

The importance of smoking and other factors for lung cancer in women was investigated in a case-control study of women who had previously received a multiphasic health checkup at Northern California Kaiser Hospitals. Smoking and medical histories for 217 cases and matched controls were obtained from the multiphasic questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) associated with cigarette smoking were 35.1 (95% CI 4.8-256) for squamous and small cell and large cell carcinomas combined and 2.5 (95% CI 1.3-5.1) for adenocarcinoma. After adjusting for smoking, risk was increased in women with a family history of lung cancer (OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.7-5.6) and family history of any cancer (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.2). A significant interaction existed between smoking and family history. Women with a history of bronchitis, pneumonia, or emphysema were at increased risk, whereas women with a history of asthma or hay fever experienced a significantly lower risk for lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗