Glyceric acid kinase isolated from a Polish variety of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.).
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Brassica↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Glyceric Acids”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The 6-O-methylglucose-containing lipopolysaccharide of Mycobacterium phlei. Identification of D-glyceric acid and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose in the polysaccharide.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Alkylation↗
Chiral compounds as indicators of inherited metabolic disease. Simultaneous stereodifferentiation of lactic-, 2-hydroxyglutaric- and glyceric acid by enantioselective cGC.
Urinary organic acid analysis is a vital diagnostic tool in the investigation of patients with suspected inborn errors of metabolism. Recent descriptions of diseases producing abnormal chiral metabolites have provided the need for individual enantiomer analysis. In this paper the isolation and simultaneous stereodifferentiation of lactic, glyceric and 2-hydroxyglutaric acids using capillary gas chromatography on heptakis (2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-tert.butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-cyclodextrin as the chiral stationary phase is described. The diagnostic potential of this method is demonstrated by the analysis of urine samples from two patients with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria and a dog with D-glyceric aciduria. Due to the lack of specific clinical symptoms in these diseases, enantiomeric analysis is vital for diagnosis enabling prompt therapeutic intervention.
Animals↗
[Novel biologically active polymer of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid from two types of the comphrey Symphytum asperum and S. caucasicvum (Boraginoceae)].
Two high-molecular water-soluble preparations with high anticomplement and antioxidant activity were isolated from the roots of Symphytum asperum and S. caucasicum. Their main chemical constituent was found to be poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene] according to IR and NMR spectroscopy. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2002, vol. 28, no. 4; see also http://www.maik.ru.
Comfrey↗
Use of vinyl magnesium bromide in the synthesis of labeled compounds: new preparations of glycerol-1-C14 and glyceric acid-1-C14.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Acrylates↗
Selective inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei GAPDH by 1,3-bisphospho-D-glyceric acid (1,3-diPG) analogues.
Various phosphono-phosphates and diphosphonates were synthesized as 1,3-diphosphoglycerate (1,3-diPG) analogues by using a beta-ketophosphonate, an alpha-fluoro,beta-ketophosphonate or a beta-ketophosphoramidate to mimic the unstable carboxyphosphate part of the natural substrate. The inhibitory effect of these analogues on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDH) from Trypanosoma brucei (Tb) and rabbit muscle were measured with respect to both substrates, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) and 1,3-diPG. Interestingly, all 1,5-diphosphono,2-oxopentanes without substitution at the C-3 position selectively inhibit the Tb GAPDH with respect to 1,3-diPG and are without effect on Rm GAPDH. All 1-phospho,3-oxo,4-phosphonobutanes show themselves to be non-selective inhibitors either with regard to substrates or organisms, but they will be of a great interest as 1,3-diPG stable models for structural studies of co-crystals with GAPDHs.
Animals↗
A Developmental Study of D-Glyceric Acid Dehydrogenase.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Journal Article↗
Oxidation of lactose with bromine.
Oxidation of lactose by bromine in an aqueous buffered solution was conducted as a model experiment to examine the glycosidic linkage cleavage occurring during the oxidation of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. The resulting oxidation products, after reduction with sodium borodeuteride, were characterized by GLC-MS analyses of the per-O-methyl or per-O-Me3Si derivatives. Most of the products were carboxylic acids, of which lactobionic acid was major. Minor products, identified after partial fractionation on a BioGel P-2 column, comprised oxalic acid; glyceric acid; threonic and erythronic acids; tartaric acid; lyxonic, arabinonic, and xylonic acids; galactonic and gluconic acids; galactosylerythronic acid; galactosylarabinonic acid; galactosylarabinaric acid; galacturonosylarabinonic acid; and galactosylglucaric acid. No keto acids were identified. Galactose was detected as 1-deuteriogalactitol, the presence of which, together with the C6 aldonic acids, supported a galactosidic bond cleavage. Galactosylarabinonic acid was the major constituent (7.5%) among minors, and others constituted 0.2-3.7% of the principal lactobionic acid. These products together comprised 29% of the lactobionic acid, more than half (17%) of which were accounted for by the galactosidic linkage cleavage, supporting the significant decrease in molecular weight seen earlier in the bromine-oxidized polysaccharides by glycosidic cleavage.
Bromine↗
The reaction of hyaluronic acid and its monomers, glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, with reactive oxygen species.
Synovial fluid is a approximately 0.15% (w/v) aqueous solution of hyaluronic acid (HA), a polysaccharide consisting of alternating units of GlcA and GlcNAc. In synovial fluid of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, HA is thought to be degraded either by radicals generated by Fenton chemistry (Fe2+/H2O2) or by NaOCl generated by myeloperoxidase. We investigated the course of model reactions of these two reactants in physiological buffer with HA, and with the corresponding monomers GlcA and GlcNAc. meso-Tartaric acid, arabinuronic acid, arabinaric acid and glucaric acid were identified by GC-MS as oxidation products of glucuronic acid. When GlcNAc was oxidised, erythronic acid, arabinonic acid, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-gluconic acid, glyceric acid, erythrose and arabinose were formed. NaOCl oxidation of HA yielded meso-tartaric acid; in addition, arabinaric acid and glucaric acid were obtained by oxidation with Fe2+/H2O2. These results indicate that oxidative degradation of HA proceeds primarily at glucuronic acid residues. meso-Tartaric acid may be a useful biomarker of hyaluronate oxidation since it is produced by both NaOCl and Fenton chemistry.
Acetylglucosamine↗
Characterization of cigar tobaccos by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of nonvolatile organic acids: application to the authentication of Cuban cigars.
A reliable method based on gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) profiling of nonvolatile organic acids is described for the characterization of cigars. The method involves an aqueous extraction of ground tobacco and selective isolation of the acids by simply stirring strong anion exchange (SAX) disks in the aqueous tobacco extract. The acids are then directly silylated on the disk with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluroacetamide (MSTFA) in acetonitrile in an autosampler vial. Elution of the derivatized acids in situ allows the sample to be directly analyzed by GC/MS without further sample handling. Compared to the conventional disk-extraction technique using a vacuum manifold, this method is much less labor intensive, and is desirable for multiple sample analysis. Nicotinic acid, succinic acid, glyceric acid, malic acid, pyroglutamic acid, threonic acid, citric acid, uracil, and an unidentified acid were reproducibly quantified in tobacco samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the acid profiles of the filler tobaccos of 18 Cuban cigars and 31 non-Cuban cigars shows separation of the two groups, indicating that the acid profiles are potentially useful in the authentication of Cuban cigars.
Carboxylic Acids↗
Clearing-factor lipase in adipose tissue. Factors influencing the increase in enzyme activity produced on incubation of tissue from starved rats in vitro.
1. Evidence is presented that the increase in clearing-factor lipase activity that occurs when adipose tissue from starved rats is incubated in a defined medium in vitro is due to an increase in the total enzyme content of the system. It is shown that the clearing-factor lipase activity rises to reach a plateau level where, it is suggested, rates of enzyme synthesis and of enzyme destruction become balanced. 2. The presence of heparin in the incubation medium results in the extraction of part of the clearing-factor lipase originally present in the adipose tissue and this could provide the stimulus for the increase in total enzyme content. 3. Glucose is required in the incubation medium at a very low concentration. It can be replaced by fructose, but not by pyruvic acid, lactic acid, glyceric acid or dihydroxyacetone. 4. Adrenaline and corticotrophin inhibit the increase in enzyme activity when they are present in the incubation medium. 5. The high clearing-factor lipase activity associated with adipose tissue of fed rats is decreased by 50% within 3hr. of the injection of puromycin.
Adipose Tissue↗
Lotus japonicus metabolic profiling. Development of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry resources for the study of plant-microbe interactions.
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume root nodules requires differentiation and integration of both plant and bacterial metabolism. Classical approaches of biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics have revealed many aspects of primary metabolism in legume nodules that underpin SNF. Functional genomics approaches, especially transcriptomics and proteomics, are beginning to provide a more holistic picture of the metabolic potential of nodules in model legumes like Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus. To extend these approaches, we have established protocols for nonbiased measurement and analysis of hundreds of metabolites from L. japonicus, using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Following creation of mass spectral tag libraries, which represent both known and unknown metabolites, we measured and compared relative metabolite levels in nodules, roots, leaves, and flowers of symbiotic plants. Principal component analysis of the data revealed distinct metabolic phenotypes for the different organs and led to the identification of marker metabolites for each. Metabolites that were enriched in nodules included: octadecanoic acid, asparagine, glutamate, homoserine, cysteine, putrescine, mannitol, threonic acid, gluconic acid, glyceric acid-3-P, and glycerol-3-P. Hierarchical cluster analysis enabled discrimination of 10 groups of metabolites, based on distribution patterns in diverse Lotus organs. The resources and tools described here, together with ongoing efforts in the areas of genome sequencing, and transcriptome and proteome analysis of L. japonicus and Mesorhizobium loti, should lead to a better understanding of nodule metabolism that underpins SNF.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗
Glycolate metabolism in Escherichia coli.
Hansen, Robert W. (University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago) and James A. Hayashi. Glycolate metabolism in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 83:679-687. 1962.-This study of glycolate-adapted Escherichia coli indicates that the most probable route for utilization of the substrate includes glyceric acid, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A glyceric acid dehydrogenase, which reduces tartronic semialdehyde to glycerate in the presence of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide, and a kinase, which catalyzes the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate from glyceric acid and adenosine triphosphate, were shown to be present. Carbon recoveries in growing cultures and manometric data obtained with resting cells showed the complete oxidation of glycolate to carbon dioxide. Measurements of the oxidation of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates indicated that these compounds are oxidized without lag and at a rate commensurate with the rate of glycolate oxidation. Assays of the enzymes characteristic of known pathways of terminal oxidation, such as isocitratase, malate synthetase, isocitric dehydrogenase, and condensing enzyme, provided further evidence for an operating tricarboxylic acid cycle. A postulated pathway for the utilization of glycolic acid is as follows: glycolate --> glycerate --> 3-phosphoglycerate --> pyruvate --> tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Acetates↗
Ischemic change of organic acids in kidney.
Organic acids in rabbit renal tissue biopsy were analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography--mas s spectrometry. The change of these organic acids under ischemic conditions was determined over 60 min after clamping the renal artery and vein. The results showed that lactic acid, glycolic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-methyl-glyceric acid, glyceric acid and malic acid increased at 4 and 6 min after clamping, but then decreased at 15 min. Glycerol increased 2 min after clamping and then decreased. However, 3-deoxyaldonic acids of 3-deoxytetronic acid, 3-deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyltetronic acid and 3-deoxypentonic acid decreased in the renal tissue biopsy from 2 min after clamping.
Animals↗
Thermal synthesis and hydrolysis of polyglyceric acid.
Polyglyceric acid was synthesized by thermal condensation of glyceric acid at 80 degrees in the presence and absence of two mole percent of sulfuric acid catalyst. The acid catalyst accelerated the polymerization over 100-fold and made possible the synthesis of insoluble polymers of both L- and DL-glyceric acid by heating for less than 1 day. Racemization of L-glyceric acid yielded less than 1% D-glyceric acid in condensations carried out at 80 degrees C with catalyst for 1 day and without catalyst for 12 days. The condensation of L-glyceric acid yielded an insoluble polymer much more readily than condensation of DL-glyceric acid. Studies of the hydrolysis of poly-DL-glyceric acid revealed that it was considerably more stable under mild acidic conditions compared to neutral pH. The relationship of this study to the origin of life is discussed.
Evolution, Chemical↗
Measurement of nephrolithiasis urinary markers by capillary electrophoresis.
A previously developed method for screening organic acidurias by capillary electrophoresis has been validated for oxalate and citrate measurement in urine. Sample pretreatment is minimum, just acidification and centrifugation. Detection is by direct UV. Validation parameters of the method can be considered adequate. Response is linear for both analytes in standards and samples. The assayed ranges were 200-1,000 mg/l for citrate and 10-200 mg/l for oxalate. Recoveries ranged from 99.4+/-3 to 101.7+/-2.4%, maximum imprecision in oxalate concentration was of 7.6% RSD and limits of detection in samples were 0.67 mg/l for oxalate and 25.9 mg/l for citrate, both lower than the measured values in samples. Identification of increased glyoxylic (oxoacetic acid) and glyceric acids (2,3-dihydroxy propanoic) are also included to facilitate the diagnosis.
Biomarkers↗
New biodegradable oligoesters for pharmaceutical application.
Tartaric acid, malic acid, and glyceric acid were copolycondensed with glycolic acid at various molar ratios in feed to quickly synthesize biodegradable oligoesters. They were likely to have a moderately cross-linked structure with relatively low molecular weights and hydrophilic groups on the chains. In addition to macroscopic gels which were insoluble in any solvents, we could obtain the oligoesters which were insoluble in water but soluble in N,N-dimethylformamide. The degradation rate of the oligoesters was higher than that of lactic acid (LA) oligomers having molecular weights of a few thousands. On the contrary, their glass transition and flow temperatures were much higher than those of LA oligomers, indicating that their handling during the preparation of drug delivery dosage forms was much improved. The formulation of microspheres containing drugs from the oligoesters revealed that they were useful as biodegradable matrices having high degradation rates.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Studies of the glycine metabolism in a patient with D-glyceric acidemia and hyperglycinemia.
A mentally retarded boy exhibiting both hyper-D-glyceric acidemia and hyperglycinemia and in whom a deficiency of D-glycerate dehydrogenase had previously been demonstrated was investigated to elucidate the ethiology of the glycine accumulation and its relationship to the D-glyceric acid accumulation. It was found that a positive correlation existed between excretion of D-glyceric acid and glycine (coefficient of correlation: r = 0.62, P < 0.001), that part of the IV injected [14C]glycine was metabolized to D-glyceric acid whereas no [14C]glyceric acid was metabolized to glycine, and that the in vivo degradation of IV injected [14C]glycine to 14CO2 was diminished. Measurement of glycine cleavage activity in autoptic liver tissue from the patient showed only 10% of normal activity. It is argued that this diminished activity could be caused by an endogenous inhibitor. D-glyceric acid is demonstrated not to possess such an inhibitory effect. Based on the finding of increased urinary excretion of both free and conjugated isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, and isovaleric acid, it is hypothesized that the diminished glycine cleavage activity might be due, at least partially, to inhibition by 2-methylbutyryl-CoA and isobutyryl-CoA, two compounds that are known to inhibit the glycine cleavage system.
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗