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PubMedDate not supplied

[Global health index among immigrants in Québec].

Ridit, a global health index, was analyzed in 2,461 immigrants established in the province of Quebec and this value was compared with that obtained in 25,171 natives of Quebec. Ridit values were not significantly different between immigrants and native Quebecers, suggesting a comparable global health status in both groups. Among immigrants, women had a poorer global health index than men, a phenomenon identical to that previously observed in native Quebecers. Immigrants established since 1980 (25% of all immigrants) had a better global health index than native Quebecers, while immigrants established before 1980 were not significantly different. Immigrants represent several ethnic groups for which a global health index could not be defined.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Global health and national security: the need for critical engagement.

The security and foreign policy communities have increasingly addressed global health problems as threats to national security. Global health is a humanitarian endeavour that seeks to improve the world's health including the most vulnerable peoples, while national security works to protect the interests of people within a given state. The major statements of security policy by the United States and United Kingdom link the self-protective interests of national security with the humanitarian objectives of global health. While there is potential to expand global health activities through partnership with the security and foreign policy communities, treating global health issues as national security threats may focus attention disproportionately on countries or diseases which pose security threats to wealthy nations, rather than on the greatest threats to global health. The global health community should carefully scrutinise areas where global health and national security interests overlap.

Global Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Critical public health ethics and Canada's role in global health.

This commentary introduces critical public health ethics as an innovative lens for considering Canada's role in global health. Arising from the relatively young field of public health ethics, this analytic perspective sheds light on questions regarding public health policy, research and practice that often remain shaded from view because of traditional ways of thinking about public health. The advantage of a critical public health ethics lens is illustrated through the example of Canada's role in scaling up access to HIV treatments in developing countries.

Canada↗
PubMed1979

Principal component analysis of four health indicators and construction of a global health index in the aged.

The health status of 1025 urban senior citizens in a Montreal metropolitan area was determined by a questionnaire based on the subjects' view of physical, mental, and general well-being, and of dependence (indicators of Belloc et al., Berkman, Grogono and Woodgate, and Linn). A principal component analysis was made of these health indicators and two factors were retained. The first factor, which can be called a global health index, was used to compare the sexes and the age strata; it was thus found that men (those who survive) are generally healthier than the women, and that subjects from the lower-age strata are healthier than their older counterparts. The second factor is described as opposing physical health and dependence to mental health, the results of which were similar for both sexes, bur differed according to the various age strata compared.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

The revised International Health Regulations: a framework for global health security.

The origins of the International Health Regulations (IHR) date back to the mid-19th century when epidemics of cholera resulted in intensive infectious disease diplomacy. Many agreements were set in place both in Europe and in the American States before being eventually replaced in 1951 by the International Sanitary Regulations, later renamed the IHR. The present IHR oblige WHO Member States to notify outbreaks of cholera, plague and yellow fever and list the maximum measures applicable during such outbreaks. A number of permanent, routine measures relating to hygiene and sanitation at ports and airports are specified along with general provisions for the transport of persons and goods. The revised IHR will provide an opportunity to change from three diseases to a system for all public health emergencies of international concern. The core capacities required at national level to detect and respond to such emergencies will be clearly defined as will the linkage between notification under the revised IHR and international response and action in support of affected countries. Other existing IHR provisions and technical guidance will be updated to meet the demands of contemporary global surveillance and control of international outbreaks.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Global health effort.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Environmental Health↗
PubMed1995

Factors related to change in global health after group physical therapy in ankylosing spondylitis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how improvements in global health in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), who had received group physical therapy, were associated with changes in physical functioning and other outcome measures. Sixty-seven AS patients from 2 outpatient departments (modified New York criteria) received group physical therapy weekly. After 9 months we studied the following variables to explain changes in global health: disease duration, spinal mobility, fitness, functional status (SIP, HAQ and Functional Index), pain, stiffness, and articular and enthesis indices. Change scores were calculated as baseline values minus scores at 9-month follow-up. Personality traits (neuroticism, social inadequacy, self-esteem and health locus of control) and loneliness were also included as possibly explanatory variables. Patient's assessment of change in global health after 9 months of group physical therapy was self-reported on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (-5 = maximum worsening, 0 = no change, +5 = maximum improvement). Correlations were calculated between change in global health and all candidate explanatory variables. In this pre/post test design multiple and stepwise regression analyses were performed to study the relations between changes in global health and all explanatory variables. Pearson correlation coefficients between improved global health and the explanatory variables were significant for lower self-esteem (0.27) and improvements in chest expansion (0.31), fitness (0.32), HAQ-S (0.29), and stiffness (0.33). Regression analysis revealed 2 significantly explanatory steps: changes in fitness explained 16% of total variance of changes in global health, and changes in stiffness contributed an additional 11%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The global health governance of antimicrobial effectiveness.

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to public health the world over. Global health governance strategies need to address the erosion of antimicrobial effectiveness on three levels. Firstly, mechanisms to provide incentives for the pharmaceutical industry to develop antimicrobials for diseases threatening the developing world need to be sought out. Secondly, responsible use of antimicrobials by both clinicians and the animal food growing industry needs to be encouraged and managed globally. And lastly, in-country and international monitoring of changes in antimicrobial effectiveness needs to be stepped up in the context of a global health governance strategy.

Comment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular disease and global health: threat and opportunity.

The transition in global health from infectious to chronic disease, especially cardiovascular disease, poses a threat to the economies of the less developed world. As a more sophisticated workforce becomes a highly valued and harder-to-replace economic investment, the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors becomes a threat to economic development. The next two decades offer a critical period for intervention to blunt the impact of these diseases. The response of the global assistance community has been inadequate and without impact. A new global health assistance paradigm is needed to support long-term prevention strategies to combat this epidemic.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Hospitals and academic health sciences centres: leaders or followers in health globalization?

The overall impact of globalization on health outcomes is contentious, but there is no doubt that knowledge transfer and the extension of specific health interventions to developing countries promise extraordinary benefits. It has been suggested that improved information/communications technology and the creation of distributed hospital systems leading a virtual healthcare web will permit realization of the promise of globalization. It is argued in this commentary that such evolution will require a new model of shared governance in the healthcare system. The leading vision is most likely to come from academic institutions, researchers, health professionals and governments. The "super-hospital" of the future should be expected to play a key role as service provider and partner.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Canada and global health research: 2005 update.

From a global perspective, large disparities persist between the focus of health research investments and the global burden of illness. Over the past four years, Canadian efforts to address these disparities have steadily increased. The objectives of this paper are to present these recent achievements and to highlight continuing challenges. We summarize the activities of two complementary Canadian initiatives, both aimed at increasing Canada's investment and involvement in global health research. They are the Global Health Research Initiative--a partnership involving four federal agencies; and the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research--a not-for-profit membership organization. Several achievements include: increased investment in global health research; increased knowledge production and use through "South-Canada" partnerships; stronger advocacy and increased awareness; enhanced capacity development; and improved coordination and communication. Based on these achievements, important current and future challenges are identified. They include: more coherent resource allocation; more focussed health research priorities; and the need to maintain and build momentum.

Awareness↗
PubMed1998

Shaping the future of global health cooperation: where can we go from here?

A review of recent studies and initiatives on global health cooperation groups their findings into ten key reform issues. In addressing these issues, policy makers need to improve their understanding of what is meant by the shift from international to global health. Attention must also be paid to the fundamental question of what we want from a system of global health cooperation. Three main views currently exist on what priority activities such a system should pursue-traditionalist, essentialist, and social justice. Reconciliation of these views can then be followed by consideration of the structural features of a global health organisation for the 21st century. Achievement of the above will require a reform process that is more broadly participatory, well-informed, and coherent in purpose and direction.

Global Health↗
PubMed2006

Tobacco use and cessation counselling: Global Health Professionals Survey Pilot Study, 10 countries, 2005.

One of the strategies to reduce the number of smoking-related deaths is to encourage the involvement of health professionals in tobacco-use prevention and cessation counselling. The World Health Organization, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Canadian Public Health Association developed the Global Health Professionals Survey (GHPS) to collect data on tobacco use and cessation counselling among health-profession students in all WHO member states. This report summarises findings from the GHPS Pilot Study, which consisted of 16 surveys conducted in 10 countries among third year students in four health-profession disciplines (dentistry, medicine, nursing, and pharmacy) during the first quarter of 2005. The findings indicated that current cigarette smoking among these students was higher than 20% in seven of the 10 countries surveyed. Nevertheless, 87-99% of the students surveyed believed they should have a role in counselling patients to quit smoking; only 5-37% of these third-year students had actually received formal training in how to conduct such counselling. Schools for health professionals, public health organisations, and education officials should work together to design and implement training in smoking cessation counselling for all health-profession students.

Counseling↗