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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

In vitro anti-influenza virus activity of a plant preparation from Geranium sanguineum L.

A polyphenolic complex (PC), isolated from the Bulgarian medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L., was shown to have selective anti-influenza activity in vitro. Expression of HA on the surface of cells infected with A/chicken/Rostock/34, virus-induced cytopathic effect, infectious virus yield and plaque formation were all reduced at non-toxic concentrations of PC. Synthesis of virus proteins was also selectively inhibited. High concentrations of PC (> 200 microg/ml) exhibited a strong virucidal effect. Although the action was directed against an early stage of infection (within 3 h of infection), the process directly affected was not identified. The selectivity of antiviral action was confirmed by the variation in sensitivity of different influenza viruses to PC and the selection of variants with reduced drug sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Antiherpes virus activity of extracts from the medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L.

The herpes virus inhibitory effect of five extracts from the Bulgarian medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. (Geraniaceae) was investigated. The water extract (WE) from the aerial roots of the plant was the least toxic for cell cultures and inhibited significantly the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (EC50 = 3.6-6.2 microg/ml) as shown by the reduction of virus induced cytopathogenic effect (CPE) and the protection of cells in MTT assay. The inhibition was dose-related, strain-specific and depended on virus inoculum. In higher concentrations (MIC90 = 120 microg/ml) the preparation exhibited strong extracellular virus inactivating activity. The presence of WE throughout the whole replicative cycle was necessary for the full expression of the antiviral effect. In a preliminary experiment in albino guinea pigs the extract delayed the development of herpetic vesicles following primary infection with HSV-1, strain Kupka. Phytochemical investigation of the plant preparation revealed the presence of flavonoids, catechins, a polyphenolic acid and condensed tannins. The inhibitory effect of the extract on herpes simplex virus replication is related to the rich content of polyphenol compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Geranins A and B, new antiprotozoal A-type proanthocyanidins from Geranium niveum.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the antiprotozoal extract of Geranium niveum led to the isolation of two new A-type proanthocyanidins, epi-afzelechin-(4beta-->8, 2beta-->O-->7)-afzelechin (1) and epi-catechin-(4beta-->8, 2beta-->O-->7)-afzelechin (2). Compounds 1 and 2 were given the trivial names of geranins A and B, respectively. In addition, five known compounds, mahuannin B (3), reynoutrin (4), hyperin (5), methyl gallate (6), and 3-beta-caffeoyl-12-oleanen-28-oic acid (7), were obtained. The structures of the new proanthocyanidins were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods as well as CD measurements. Compounds 1, 2, and 4-7 were tested against axenically grown trophozoites of Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Geranins C and D, additional new antiprotozoal A-type proanthocyanidins from Geranium niveum.

Two new additional A-type proanthocyanidins have been isolated from Geranium niveum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic, chemical and chiroptical methods as epi-afzelechin-(4beta-->8,2beta-->O-->7)-gallocatechin (1) and epi-afzelechin-(4beta-->8,2beta-->O-->7)-afzelechin-(4beta-->8,2beta-->O-->7)-afzelechin (2). Proanthocyanidins 1 and 2 were given the trivial names of geranins C and D, respectively. Compound 2 showed moderate antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia, whereas 1 exhibited weak activity toward E. histolytica.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Purification and characterization of an anionic isoperoxidase from scented-geranium callus.

Secretory anionic isoperoxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), named PA1, was 68-fold purified from scented-geranium (Pelargonium graveolense) callus by using ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Isoperoxidase PA1 was a glycoprotein with an isoelectric point (pI) of 4.0. The molecular weight of PA1 was approximately 42.5 and 44 kDa, estimated by SDS-PAGE and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, respectively. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 5.0 for guaiacol and H2O2, and the Km values for guaiacol and H2O2 were 1.96 and 8.5mM, respectively. Substrate studies in terms of optimum pHs and Km values with various synthetic and naturally occurring phenolic compounds were performed. In comparison with cationic isoperoxidase, PC3, which has been already characterized, anionic isoperoxidase PA1 had much lower Km values for synthetic phenolic compounds and much higher Km values for naturally occurring phenolic compounds than PC3. Moreover, anionic isoperoxidase PA1 could utilize ferulic acid as a substrate very well, while cationic isoperoxidase PC3 could not utilize ferulic acid as a substrate.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed2000

Floral dimorphism, pollination, and self-fertilization in gynodioecious GERANIUM RICHARDSONII (Geraniaceae).

The selective maintenance of gynodioecy depends on the relative fitness of the male-sterile (female) and hermaphroditic morphs. Females may compensate for their loss of male fitness by reallocating resources from male function (pollen production and pollinator attraction) to female function (seeds and fruits), thus increasing seed production. Females may also benefit from their inability to self-fertilize if selfing and inbreeding depression reduce seed quality in hermaphrodites. We investigated how differences in floral resource allocation (flower size) between female and hermaphroditic plants affect two measures of female reproductive success, pollinator visitation and pollen receipt, in gynodioecious populations of Geranium richardsonii in Colorado. Using emasculation treatments in natural populations, we further examined whether selfing by autogamy and geitonogamy comprises a significant proportion of pollen receipt by hermaphrodites. Flowers of female plants are significantly smaller than those of hermaphrodites. The reduction in allocation to pollinator-attracting structures (petals) is correlated with a significant reduction in pollinator visitation to female flowers in artificial arrays. The reduction in attractiveness is further manifested in significantly less pollen being deposited on the stigmas of female flowers in natural populations. Autogamy is rare in these protandrous flowers, and geitonogamy accounts for most of the difference in pollen receipt between hermaphrodites and females. Female success at receiving pollen was negatively frequency dependent on the relative frequency of females in populations. Thus, two of the prerequisites for the maintenance of females in gynodioecious populations, differences in resource allocation between floral morphs and high selfing rates in hermaphrodites, occur in G. richardsonii.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

A study on the antiviral action of a polyphenolic complex isolated from the medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. VIII. Inhibitory effect on the reproduction of herpes simplex virus type 1.

The antiviral activity of a polyphenolic complex, isolated from a Bulgarian medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L., on the reproduction of herpes simplex virus type 1 was studied. The substance inhibited the intracellular stages of viral replication and exhibited a virucidal effect.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of influenza virus protein synthesis by a plant preparation from Geranium sanguineum L.

A polyphenolic complex (PC) with antiviral properties has been isolated from the Bulgarian medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of PC on virus-specific protein synthesis in influenza virus-infected cells. The expression of viral glycoproteins on the surface of chick embryo fibroblasts infected with virus A/FPV, strain Rostock (H7N1) was suppressed. Virus protein synthesis was selectively inhibited as shown by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 35S-methionine-labelled proteins and proteins immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent and better pronounced when PC was applied after virus infection. Two variants of influenza virus FPV/Rostock with reduced drug susceptibility were selected. PC affected to a lesser extent the synthesis of viral proteins in cells infected with the variants as compared to the sensitive parental virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Combined effect of selected antiviral substances of natural and synthetic origin. II. Anti-influenza activity of a combination of a polyphenolic complex isolated from Geranium sanguineum L. and rimantadine in vivo.

The synergistic effect shown by the combination of a natural product, polyphenolic complex (PC) isolated from Geranium sanguineum L., and rimantadine (R) in vitro and in ovo [7], encouraged us to continue these studies by in vivo testing. A marked protective effect in experimental influenza virus A (H3N2) infection in mice was found when PC was applied nasally (i.n.) (1.0 mg/kg) only once 6 h before infection in combination with R applied orally in concentration 10.5 and 2.5 mg/kg 2h before and 2.24 and 48 h after viral inoculation (PI = 72.55%, 55% and 57.8% respectively).

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Antiinfective activity of a plant preparation from Geranium sanguineum L.

A methanol extract (PC) has been obtained from the Bulgarian medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. The antiinfective activity of the plant preparation was studied. The extract inhibited the reproduction of a range of viruses (influenza, herpes simplex, vaccinia, HIV-I) in cell cultures. Its antiinfluenza effect was most pronounced; PC reduced the infectivity of various influenza virus strains in vitro and protected mice in experimental influenza infection. The polyphenol extract inhibited the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

Animals↗