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PubMed2003

[Establishment of consensus sequence of PreS/S of hepatitis B virus with genotype B/serotype adw2 or genotype C/serotype adrq+ prevailing in Chongqing of China].

OBJECTIVE: To develop consensus sequence of HBV PreS/S with different subtype in Chongqing of China. METHODS: The gene of PreS/S of HBV in 18 AsC was sequenced. The genotype and serotype of HBV were determined. The main HBV strain prevailing in Chongqing was identified to establish its consensus sequence. RESULTS: It was found that 9 strains were genotype B/serotype adw2, 6 were genotype C/serotype adrq+ and 3 were genotype B/serotype ayw1. The consensus sequence of PreS/S of HBV with genotype B/serotype adw2 and genotype C/serotype adrq+ were established. There were 6 nucleotide variants which causing 4 amino acids change between consensus sequence of PreS/S with genotype B/serotype adw2 in Chongqing and in Southeast of China (homology showed 99.5% and 99.0% respectively). There were 13 different sites that caused 4 amino acids change between consensus sequence of PreS/S with genotype C/serotype adrq+ in Chongqing and in Northeast and South of China (homology showed 98.9% and 99.0% respectively). Comparing the two consensus sequence of PreS/S gene of different subtype HBV in Chongqing, there was 95 variants which caused 40 amino acids variants (the homology was 92.1% and 90.0% respectively). CONCLUSION: The consensus sequence of PreS/S of hepatitis B virus with genotype B/serotype adw2 and genotype C/serotype adrq+ prevailing in Chongqing was established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

GBV-C/HGV genotypes: proposed nomenclature for genotypes 1-5.

The GB virus-C and hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) are variants of the same flavivirus. This proposal attempts to clarify the conflicting nomenclature for GBV-C/HGV genotypes. The first three genotypes described were genotype 1 (West Africa); genotype 2 (US/Europe) and genotype 3 (Asia). Subsequently, two groups published data from South Africa and Southeast Asia both stating the presence of a novel "4th genotype." These isolates are distinct phylogenetically. It is proposed that the nomenclature for genotypes 1-3 remains as per previous publications, and that the Southeast Asian isolates be known as genotype 4, and the South African isolates as genotype 5.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed2002

Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Uzbekistan and validity of two different systems for genotyping.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into seven genotypes, designated A-G. The HBV genotype has a characteristic geographical distribution. The Republic of Uzbekistan is located in the heart of Asia and has been considered to be a region with high endemicity of hepatitis viruses. However, the present distribution of hepatitis virus infection in this region is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of HBV genotypes and to elucidate the validity of two genotyping systems in Uzbekistan. Fifty-four patients with hepatitis B surface antigen were investigated. HBV genotypes were determined by two methods: one based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) targeting to S region, and another on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using monoclonal antibodies to pre-S2 region. Seven (13%) and 47 (87%) of the 54 subjects were classified into genotypes A and D, respectively. Dual infection of two viral populations of the same genotype was observed in one subject. No significant difference of ALT level (203.3 +/- 244.7 vs. 190.6 +/- 39.5) and HBeAg (42.9% vs. 42.6%) were found between genotypes A and D. In this study, the validity of the genotyping systems in this region was confirmed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Co-circulation of two genotypes of measles virus and mutual change of the prevailing genotypes every few years in Osaka, Japan.

Genotypes of 44 wild-type measles virus (MV) strains isolated in Osaka, Japan, during 1997-2001, were determined based on phylogenetic analyses of a 456-nt 3' terminal nucleoprotein gene sequence with the reference MV strains designated by the World Health Organization. The wild-type MV strains were classified into two genotypes, D3 and D5, recognized as indigenous in Japan. Six of 12 strains isolated in 1997 were classified into genotype D3 and the other 6 into D5. Eleven of 13 strains were D3, and 2 were D5 in 1998. There were no measles epidemics, and no strains were isolated in 1999. Nine of 10 strains were genotype D5, and only one was D3 in 2000, and 9 of 9 were D5 in 2001. These results indicate that the wild-type MV strains classified into genotypes D3 and D5 co-circulated without the complete change of the MV genotype in Osaka, except in 2001. Furthermore, the prevailing genotype was different between 1998 and 2000-2001. Together with a previous report about MV genotype in this area during 1993-1995, these results suggest that the mutual change of the prevailing wild-type MV genotypes between D3 and D5 occurs every few years in Osaka, Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

An epidemiologic survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by combined use of mec-HVR genotyping and toxin genotyping in a university hospital in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of an assay using two polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping methods in the practical surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). METHODS: Nosocomial infection and colonization were surveyed monthly in a university hospital in Japan for 20 months. Genotyping with mec-HVR is based on the size of the mec-associated hypervariable region amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Toxin genotyping uses a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method to amplify eight staphylococcal toxin genes. RESULTS: Eight hundred nine MRSA isolates were classified into 49 genotypes. We observed differing prevalences of genotypes for different hospital wards, and could rapidly demonstrate the similarity of genotype for outbreak isolates. The incidence of genotype D: SEC/TSST1 was significantly higher in isolates causing nosocomial infections (49.5%; 48 of 97) than in nasal isolates (31.4%; 54 of 172) (P = .004), suggesting that this genotype may represent the nosocomial strains. CONCLUSION: The combined use of these two genotyping methods resulted in improved discriminatory ability and should be further investigated.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of genotype data in clinical risk assessment: methods and application to BRCA1, BRCA2, and N-acetyl transferase-2 genotypes in breast cancer.

Associations of numerous susceptibility genes with disease risk have been reported. However, objective methods have not been developed to evaluate the conditions under which translation of knowledge about susceptibility genotypes may be clinically informative. We describe and apply a statistical approach to evaluate when genotype information may be clinically informative in disease risk assessment. We estimate an interval of cumulative cancer incidences where it may be appropriate to use these genes in disease risk assessment. We also estimate the magnitude of a log odds ratio (H) that measures genotype-disease association. We illustrate this method with three breast cancer susceptibility genotypes: population screening data evaluating the 185delAG mutation at BRCA1 and the 6174delT mutation at BRCA2 in a Ashkenazi Jewish population, and case control data for the slow acetylation genotype at the N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2) gene in combination with smoking. Knowledge of the 185delAG mutation in BRCA1 (HdelAG = 3.42; 95% CI: 3.04, 3.79) or the 6174delT mutation in BRCA2 (HdelT = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.30) can be clinically informative in distinguishing individuals who are and are not at breast cancer risk in populations with cumulative breast cancer incidences of > or = 4% and > or = 13%, respectively. NAT2 genotypes alone are much less clinically informative in predicting breast cancer risk (HNAT2 = 0.10). However, knowledge of both heavy smoking 20 years ago and NAT2 genotype is a more clinically informative predictor of postmenopausal breast cancer risk with HNAT2 = 2.19, when the cumulative breast cancer incidence in the target population is at least 31%. These results indicate that knowledge of the 185delG mutation-status may be clinically informative even in populations with low cumulative breast cancer incidences, whereas the 6174delT mutation and NAT2 genotypes may only be clinically informative in a population with higher cumulative breast cancer incidence. The proposed approach can be used to objectively evaluate the conditions under which susceptibility genotypes may be applied for risk assessment or genetic screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Genotyping of hepatitis C virus: coinfection by multiple genotypes detected in children with chronic posttransfusion hepatitis C.

The distribution of genotypes of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was studied in 24 children with chronic posttransfusion hepatitis C. Genotypes were determined by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers. Twenty (83%) were infected by a single genotype: 14 by type II [1b], 3 by III [2a], and 3 IV [2b]. Four (17%) were coinfected by two genotypes. The amount of blood transfusion given to the patients infected by multiple genotypes was significantly larger than to those infected by a single genotype (mean +/- SD, 15.2 +/- 14.4 vs 78.6 +/- 42.0 U). Three of the four patients infected by multiple genotypes were considered to be immunocompromised by anticancer therapy for malignant disease. Eighteen patients showed a raised level of alanine aminotransferase throughout the follow-up, while the remaining six patients (three of type II [1b], two of IV [2b], and one of III [2a] + IV [2b]) achieved biochemical remission. Liver biopsy was performed on 19 patients. Compared to those with type III [2a] or IV [2b], those with type II [1b] appeared to show more severe histological changes with higher histological activity index scores, although there was no significant difference. The positive rates of antibody to C100-3 or 5-1-1 in patients with type III [2a] or IV [2b] were lower than in those with type II [1b] (33 and 33 vs 43 and 50%), whereas the antibody to C33C or C22-3 was detected in nearly all patients regardless of their genotypes. In the present study, we found a high incidence of multiple-genotype infection among children with chronic posttransfusion hepatitis C.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Reference values and biological variation for tumor marker CA 19-9 in serum for different Lewis and secretor genotypes and evaluation of secretor and Lewis genotyping in a Caucasian population.

The concentration of the tumor marker CA 19-9 is influenced by the patient's secretor status and Lewis genotype. The aim of this study was to establish novel reference intervals for CA 19-9 in serum based on secretor and Lewis genotypes, to investigate the biological variation of CA 19-9, and to evaluate the utility of Lewis and secretor genotyping on a group of individuals with serologically defined Lewis phenotypes. CA 19-9 was measured in serum of 500 healthy individuals. Secretor and Lewis genotypes were determined by sequencing and PCR-cleavage methods. Significant differences were found between subgroups with different Lewis and secretor genotypes. Genotype-based reference intervals for CA 19-9 are presented. The upper reference limit for all individuals was 28.7 kilounits/L; for secretors and nonsecretors, the upper reference limits were 12.4 and 61.2 kilounits/L, respectively. The analytical imprecision (CVA) was 9.8%, the within-subject variability (CVI) was 15.8%, and the between-subject variability (CVG) was 102.2%. Good agreement was found between Lewis and secretor genotyping and conventional blood grouping. Genotype-based reference intervals may be a way to increase the clinical utility of CA 19-9. On the basis of the calculation of a critical difference for sequential values (significant at P </=0.05) of 51.5%, a 40-50% change in marker concentration is suggested as the limit for significant change when the marker is used for follow up. PCR-based genotyping is a reliable method for secretor and Lewis histo-blood grouping.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Detecting genotype combinations that increase risk for disease: maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility test.

Biological mechanisms that involve gene-by-environment interactions have been hypothesized to explain susceptibility to complex familial disorders. Current research provides compelling evidence that one environmental factor, which acts prenatally to increase susceptibility, arises from a maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility. Because it is genetic in origin, a maternal-fetal incompatibility is one possible source of an adverse environment that can be detected in genetic analyses and precisely studied, even years after the adverse environment was present. Existing statistical models and tests for gene detection are not optimal or even appropriate for identifying maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility loci that may increase the risk for complex disorders. We describe a new test, the maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility (MFG) test, that can be used with case-parent triad data (affected individuals and their parents) to identify loci for which a maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility increases the risk for disease. The MFG test adapts a log-linear approach for case-parent triads in order to detect maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility at a candidate locus, and allows the incompatibility effects to be estimated separately from direct effects of either the maternal or the child's genotype. Through simulations of two biologically plausible maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility scenarios, we show that the type-I error rate of the MFG test is appropriate, that the estimated parameters are accurate, and that the test is powerful enough to detect a maternal-fetal genotype incompatibility of moderate effect size.

Bias↗
PubMed1996

Survey of equine rotaviruses shows conservation of one P genotype in background of two G genotypes.

DIG-labelled ssRNA probes were prepared from variable regions of VP4 and VP7 cognate genes, and used in hybridization assays for P and G genotyping of group A cell culture-adapted equine rotaviruses and fecal samples collected from foals with and without diarrhea. The probes confirmed known P and G serotypes of sixteen cell culture-adapted strains. From one-hundred and twenty-one rotavirus-positive samples, 83 reacted when tested for their P and G genotype specific probes. From these, 71 were found to contain G3 P12 genotypes, and 11 G14 P12 genotypes. No sample reacted with H1 or L338 P and G genotype probes. This suggests that the equine rotavirus population is conservative, containing predominantly one P genotype and two G genotypes. One isolate (26/94) whose dsRNA was visualized in an agarose gel did not react with any of the equine probes, and was found to belong to G8 and P1 genotypes. This is the fourth example of a single unique equine isolate (after H1, L338, and R-22). The remaining thirty-eight untypable field isolates had no detectable dsRNA after storage for 1 to 3 years.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Genotyping system of GBV-C/HGV type 1 to type 4 by the polymerase chain reaction using type-specific primers and geographical distribution of viral genotypes.

Based on variation in nucleotide sequence of 5'-untranslated region, GB virus type C (GBV-C) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) can be classified into three major genotypes. In addition to this classification, a novel genotype of GBV-C/HGV was identified and designated type 4. However, genotyping of GBV-C/HGV has been hampered by the lack of suitable assays. In this study, a simple and precise genotyping system based on PCR using the type-specific primers was developed for the determination of genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 of GBV-C/HGV. A total of 235 serum samples obtained from 11 different countries were tested by our PCR genotyping system of GBV-C/HGV. The results revealed that type 1 was prevalent mainly in Ghana, type 2 was prevalent in the USA, Spain, Egypt, Nepal and Myanmar, type 3 was prevalent in Japan and Bolivia, and type 4 was prevalent in Vietnam and Myanmar among the countries investigated in the present study. To confirm the specificity of the results of genotyping by PCR, phylogenetic analysis in the 5'-untranslated region of GBV-C/HGV was undertaken in 99 serum samples. By this analysis, the specificity of the genotyping system by PCR was confirmed. This assay system may be useful for rapid typing of GBV-C/HGV RNA when either epidemiological or transmission studies of this agent are carried out.

DNA Primers↗
PubMed2003

Collaborative study to calibrate hepatitis C virus genotypes 2-6 against the HCV International Standard, 96/790 (genotype 1).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A major requirement of a hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) assay validation is the ability of the assay to detect the six major genotypes of HCV with equivalent sensitivities. The aim of this study was to characterize and calibrate an HCV genotype panel for use in such studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Panels consisting of the first International Standard (IS) for HCV RNA NAT assays (96/790; HCV genotype 1a) and isolates of genotypes 2-6 were sent to 17 laboratories worldwide which use a variety of NAT tests, both qualitative and quantitative. The HCV RNA content of each panel member was determined and the mean titre calculated in International Units/ml (IU/ml). RESULTS: The calculated mean titres (calibrated against the HCV International Standard), in log10 IU/ml, of the genotype 2-6 samples were 3.99, 3.81, 4.14, 4.18 and 4.61, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An HCV genotype panel, calibrated in IU/ml, has been established and should be valuable for assay validation. All the genotypes were detected by all the assays used, but it was not possible to demonstrate that the genotypes were detected with equal efficiencies.

Calibration↗
PubMed2003

Genotype analysis, using PCR with type-specific primers, of hepatitis B virus isolates from patients coinfected with hepatitis delta virus genotype II from Miyako Island, Japan.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA-positive patients and to characterize the HBV nucleotide sequences that may be found on a distant island of Japan. METHODS: This study included three patients with chronic hepatitis who were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA), HDV antibody (ELISA) and HDV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The HBV genotype was determined by nested PCR using type-specific primers. The first-round PCR products from two patients were sequenced, followed by an investigation of nucleotide homology. RESULTS: Viruses from all three patients in this study were classified as HBV genotype B. Comparison with HBV isolates from geographically neighboring regions revealed that the two HBV isolates had 97.9-98.6% identity at the nucleotide level to a Chinese isolate, 98.3-98.6% identity to the Okinawa isolate and 98.6-98.8% identity to a Japanese isolate of genotype B. On phylogenetic analysis, the HBV isolates from the two patients were classified as HBV genotype B. The HBV isolates of cases 1 and 3 clustered in the same group as isolates from the Chinese mainland and Japanese mainland, which are geographically near Miyako Island. CONCLUSION: The HBV isolates coinfected with HDV found on Miyako Island were of genotype B. The PCR method based on genotype-specific primers was useful in determining HBV genotypes.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Córdoba, Argentina. Unexpected high prevalence of genotype 2.

To determine hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes circulating in the central region of Argentina, 96 consecutive anti-HCV positive subjects were studied. The presence of HCV RNA was detected in 60 samples by RT-nested PCR of the 5' noncoding region (5' NCR). Genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 5' NCR region combined with PCR using type-specific primers of the core region. The groups of individuals in this study included hemophilia and hemodialysis patients, injecting drug users, screened blood donors, and patients with acute or chronic liver disease, all from Córdoba, Argentina. Overall, genotype 2 was the most prevalent (55.0%), followed by genotypes 1 (38.3%), and 3 (5.0%). Within genotype 1, subtype 1b was the most prevalent. An unexpected high prevalence of genotype 2 (61.9%) was found among patients with acute or chronic HCV infection (without known risk factors). These figures differ from other cohorts from East-Argentina where genotype 1 has been found as the most prevalent. This indicates that regional differences of genotype distribution might exist between Central and East Argentina.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B virus genotypes: comparison of genotyping methods.

There are eight genotypes of HBV designated A to H based on greater than 8% nucleotide variation over the entire genome. Hepadnaviruses infecting primates like the chimpanzee, orangutan and gibbon are very similar and can be regarded as genotypes of HBV. The eight genotypes of HBV show a distinct geographical distribution and influence the course of disease and the prognosis of treatment. Due to the variability of HBV, diagnostic procedures risk giving false-negative results or reporting an inaccurately low quantitative result. Thus, the variability of HBV genotypes can influence the interpretation of diagnostic data and the therapeutic decisions thereof in an unwanted way. HBV genotypes differ in the length of their genomes. The old system of numbering HBV nucleotides from the start of a non-conserved EcoRI site in the genome leads to difficulties in comparing nucleotide positions between genotypes. A numbering system is presented which avoids this problem. In addition we discuss the currently available methods for genotyping HBV.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Host determinants of DNA alkylation and DNA repair activity in human colorectal tissue: O(6)-methylguanine levels are associated with GSTT1 genotype and O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity with CYP2D6 genotype.

There is increasing evidence that alkylating agent exposure may increase large bowel cancer risk and factors which either alter such exposure or its effects may modify risk. Hence, in a cross-sectional study of 78 patients with colorectal disease, we have examined whether (i) metabolic genotypes (GSTT1, GSTM1, CYP2D6, CYP2E1) are associated with O(6)-methyldeoxyguanosine (O(6)-MedG) levels, O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ATase) activity or K-ras mutations, and (ii) there was an association between ATase activity and O(6)-MedG levels. Patients with colon tumours and who were homozygous GSTT1(*)2 genotype carriers were more likely than patients who expressed GSTT1 to have their DNA alkylated (83 versus 32%, P=0.03) and to have higher O(6)-MedG levels (0.178+/-0.374 versus 0.016+/-0.023 micromol O(6)-MedG/mol dG, P=0.04) in normal, but not tumour, DNA. No such association was observed between the GSTT1 genotype and the frequency of DNA alkylation or O(6)-MedG levels in patients with benign colon disease or rectal tumours. Patients with colon tumours or benign colon disease who were CYP2D6-poor metabolisers had higher ATase activity in normal tissue than patients who were CYP2D6 extensive metabolisers or CYP2D6 heterozygotes. Patients with the CYP2E1 Dra cd genotype were less likely to have a K-ras mutation: of 55 patients with the wild-type CYP2E1 genotype (dd), 23 had K-ras mutations, whereas none of the 7 individuals with cd genotype had a K-ras mutation (P=0.04). No other associations were observed between GSTT1, GSTM1, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 Pst genotypes and adduct levels, ATase activity or mutational status. O(6)-MedG levels were not associated with ATase activity in either normal or tumour tissue. However, in 15 patients for whom both normal and tumour DNA contained detectable O(6)-MedG levels, there was a strong positive association between the normal DNA/tumour DNA adduct ratio and the normal tissue/tumour tissue ATase ratio (r(2)=0.66, P=0.001). These results indicate that host factors can affect levels both of the biologically effective dose arising from methylating agent exposure and of a susceptibility factor, the DNA repair phenotype.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2003

Direct comparison of hepatitis C virus genotypes tested by INNO-LiPA HCV II and TRUGENE HCV genotyping methods.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It is associated with the development of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies have shown that patients infected with different genotypes of HCV may respond to interferon-ribavirin therapy differently and thus HCV genotype information is very important in helping physicians to better managing their patients. OBJECTIVES: Compare the end results of HCV typing of the two commercially available tests. STUDY DESIGN: TRUGENE Genotyping test (Visible Genetics) was used to analyze clinical specimens obtained from North America. The 5' NC was amplified with the Roche COBAS Amplicor HCV Monitor Test. Amplification products were blinded and genotyped by the TRUGENE HCV 5'NC method. Genotype results were compared with those obtained by the reverse hybridization based INNO-LiPA HCV II (Innogenetics) assay. Additional sequencing of the NS5B region was done to resolve discrepancies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Among the total of 110 consecutively collected serum specimens submitted for HCV genotyping, 108/110 could be typed by the sequencing method and 107/110 were typable by LiPA HCV II method. Our experiences with the tests suggest that at type level, HCV genotype results are 100% concordant between the two tests studied for those 106 specimens successfully typed by both methods. More sensitive amplification, such as qualitative PCR, is needed to test specimens with viral load lower than 20000 IU/ml. Both tests can be easily adapted by a clinical diagnostic laboratory.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2003

IL-1 RN 2/2 genotype and simultaneous carriage of genotypes IL-1 RN 2/2 and IL-1beta-511 T/T associated with oesophagitis in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genotype 2/2 is associated with a prolonged and enhanced inflammatory response. It is suspected of being a risk factor for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer and for some autoimmune diseases. No specific genetic risk factors for oesophagitis have been identified so far and there are no reports of IL-1 polymorphism in relation to oesophageal disease. METHODS: We studied the IL-1RN, IL-1beta-511 and IL-1beta + 3953 polymorphisms in an unselected series of 142 adult patients scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy because of dyspepsia. The control group consisted of university staff and students (n = 179). Helicobacter pylori status was determined by antibody testing and bacterial detection. RESULTS: Endoscopic oesophagitis was noted in 40 patients. The IL-1RN 2/2 genotype was significantly more prevalent in the patients with H. pylori-negative oesophagitis than in the control subjects (27% versus 9%; OR 3.574, CI 1.23-10.35, P = 0.034) or in the dyspeptic patients (27% versus 7%; OR 5.089. CI 1.51-17.11, P = 0.009). IL-1beta-511 T/T genotype tended to be more frequent in the H. pylori-negative patients with oesophagitis than in the control subjects (P = 0.071). The strongest association was between the simultaneous carriage of genotypes IL-1RN 2/2 and IL-1beta -511 T/T and H. pylori-negative oesophagitis. where the combined genotype was more prevalent than in the control subjects (23% versus 6%; OR 4.492, CI 1.40-14.46, P = 0.012) or the dyspeptic patients without oesophagitis (23% versus 3%: OR 9.706. CI 2.12-44.42, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the IL-1RN 2/2 genotype and the carriage of combined genotypes IL-1RN 2/2 + IL-1beta-511 T/T are associated with H. pylori-negative oesophagitis. This is the first report on the association between IL-1 gene polymorphism and oesophagitis.

Adult↗