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Results for “Genetic tools”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Synthetic enhancement in gene interaction: a genetic tool come of age.

Synthetic enhancement, in which one mutation exacerbates the severity of another, is a genetic interaction of increasing importance in biology. This review focuses on the logic of interpreting synthetic enhancement, and begins by comparing the phenomenon with genetic suppression.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Escherichia coli as a genetic tool.

The study of Escherichia coli and its plasmids and bacteriophages has provided a vast body of genetical information, much of it relevant to the whole of biology. This was true even before the development of the new techniques, for cloning and analysing DNA, that have revolutionized biological research during the past decade. Thousands of millions of dollars are now invested in industrial uses of these techniques, which all depend on discoveries made in the course of academic research on E. coli. Much of the background of knowledge necessary for the cloning and expression of genetically engineered information, as well as the techniques themselves, came from work with this organism.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed2002

Molecular diagnostics as a predictive tool: genetics of drug efficacy and toxicity.

There is a rapidly growing body of evidence linking genetic polymorphisms with functional changes in proteins that are responsible for the metabolism and disposition of many medications. Likewise, polymorphisms in genes encoding the targets of medications (e.g. receptors) can alter the pharmacodynamics of the drug response by changing receptor sensitivity. As a result, the inherited basis of drug effects is often polygenic in nature, and thus more challenging to define. However, technological advances, coupled with new insights into the molecular pharmacology of medications and the functional consequences of polymorphisms in the human genome, are providing the tools needed to elucidate genetic determinants of drug response, and translate functional genomics into personalized medicine.

Drug Design↗
PubMed2003

Applying molecular genetic tools to the conservation and action plan for the critically endangered Far Eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis).

A role for molecular genetic approaches in conservation of endangered taxa is now commonly recognized. Because conservation genetic analyses provide essential insights on taxonomic status, recent evolutionary history and current health of endangered taxa, they are considered in nearly all conservation programs. Genetic analyses of the critically endangered Far Eastern, or Amur leopard, Panthera pardus orientalis, have been done recently to address all of these questions and develop strategies for survival of the leopard in the wild. The genetic status and implication for conservation management of the Far Eastern leopard subspecies are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Genetic tools for the manipulation of moderately halophilic bacteria of the family Halomonadaceae.

Moderately halophilic bacteria of the family Halomonadaceae (Halomonas, Chromohalobacter, and Zymobacter) have promising applications in biotechnology as a source of compatible solutes (stabilizers of biomolecules and cells), salt-tolerant enzymes, biosurfactants, and extracellular polysaccharides, among other products. In addition, they offer a number of advantages to be used as cell factories, alternative to conventional prokaryotic hosts like E. coli or Bacillus, for the production of recombinant proteins: (1) their high salt tolerance decreases to a minimum the necessity for aseptic conditions, resulting in cost-reducing conditions; (2) they are very easy to grow and maintain in the laboratory, and their nutritional requirements are simple; and (3) the majority can use a large range of compounds as a sole carbon and energy source. In this decade, the efforts of our group and others have made possible the genetic manipulation of this bacterial group. In this review, the most relevant tools are described, with emphasis given to cloning vectors, genetic exchange mechanisms, mutagenesis approaches, and reporter genes. Due to its relevance for genetic studies, complementary sections describing the influence of salinity on the susceptibility of moderately halophilic bacteria to antimicrobials, as well as the growth media most routinely used, culture conditions, and nucleic acid isolation procedures for these microorganisms, are included.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1991

A genetic tool used to identify thioredoxin as a mediator of a growth inhibitory signal.

Loss of sensitivity to growth inhibitory polypeptides is likely to be one of the events that participates in the formation of some tumors and might be caused by inactivation or loss of the genetic elements that transduce these extracellular signals. The isolation of such a gene was achieved by randomly inactivating genes by an anti-sense complementary DNA expression library followed by direct selection for growth in the presence of an inhibitory polypeptide. Thus, a gene whose inactivation conveyed growth resistance to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was isolated. Sequence analysis showed complete identity with human thioredoxin, a dithiol reducing agent, implicated here in the IFN-gamma-mediated growth arrest of HeLa cells.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1992

Plant protoplasts as genetic tool: selectable markers for developmental studies.

Protoplasts have usually been presented as a methodological tool. Even as such, they make possible an impressive array of applications in plant biology. Here we report on the use of protoplast-derived selectable markers in the study of several disturbed genetic systems with obvious effects on plant development: (1) auxotrophic mutants and the control of amino acid biosynthesis and transport in vegetative and reproductive tissues; (2) introgression of alien genetic information across phylogenetic boundaries by protoplast fusion, a consequence of controlled dedifferentiation-redifferentiation processes and attenuated incompatibility reactions in cultured cells; (3) expression (in)stability of foreign genes in transgenic plants during successive meiotic generations and in crosses between independent transformants.

Cells, Cultured↗