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Results for “Functional studies”

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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Pulmonary function studies in ex-heroin users.

Pulmonary function tests were performed on a group of 22-ex-heroin addicts with no known pulmonary disease or symptoms. Vital capacity and total lung capacity were normal in all but four patients. Only two patients had evidence of moderately severe airway obstruction. However, the single breath diffusing capacity (Dco) was significantly reduced in many of the patients and averaged 81 percent of predicted for the entire group. Patients with most severe reduction of Dco also had reduction of lung volumes. In addition, six patients had increased lung recoil force (Pmax) and decreased lung compliance. There was no correlation between degree of functional impairment and duration or amount of durg use, incidence of overdose or intravenous injection of crushed tablets. Followup studies in four patients after several months on methadone maintenance showed improvement in lung volumes and/or Dco. Possible etiologic considerations to explain these abnormalities were previous subclinical pneumonias, foreign body granulomas, previous pulmonary edema or other direct toxic effect on alveolocapillary membrane as the result of use of drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[A clinico-morphologico-functional study of the kidneys in glomerulonephritis].

The article deals with the results of a clinico-functional-morphological study of the kidneys in glomerulonephritis (50 observations) which was carried out with the use of the method of puncture biopsy of the kidneys. It was shown that clinical forms of glomerulonephritis, accompanied with hematuria, were characterized by the absence of fixation of immune complexes in the basal membrane of the glomeruli. According to the electron microscopy data, this corresponds to the dissappearance of deposits from the subendothelial parts of the basal membrane. The extramembranous glomerulonephritis, revealed with the help of electron microscopy technique, was characterized by the nephrotic syndrome. An increased tension of immunological processes in the glomeruli was accompanied by a more grave clinical course of glomerulonephritis, by impairment of not only glomerulous but tubular functions as well. A greater dicrease in the function of osmotic concentration of the urine in fibroplastic types of glomerulonephritis, as compared with non-firboplastic ones, was apparently connected not only with lesiones of tubules but rather with more expressed sclerotic changes in the interstitial tissue of the kidney.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Studies on cell surface antigens of mouse leukemic and normal lymphocytes. IV. Functional studies on mouse T lymphocyte subpopulations. B. Lyt phenotype of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their precursors in B6-Lyt-1.1 mice.

Lyt phenotype of in vitro generated alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and their precursors in B6-Lyt-1.1 (Thy-1.2, Lyt-1.1, Lyt-2.2) congenic strain of mice was studied. The generation of CTL in vitro was completely abrogated by pretreatment of responder cells with antisera to Thy-1.2, Lyt-1.1 and Lyt-2.2 antigens and complement. Mixing of anti-Lyt-1.1-pretreated cells with anti-Lyt-2.2-pretreated cells did not restore CTL generation indicating that both Lyt antigens are expressed on the same precursor cell population. The effect of anti-Lyt sera was specific because the generation of CTL was prevented only when cells from strains possessing appropriate Lyt alleles were pretreated. CTL were eliminated by lysis with anti-Thy-1.2 serum and strongly reduced by anti-Lyt-1.1 and anti-Lyt. 2.2 sera. Nevertheless, a small but significant proportion of CTL was insensitive to lysis with anti-Lyt sera. These data indicate that a phenotype of precursor cells and of majority of CTL is Thy-1.2+ Lyt-1.1+ Lyt-2.2+.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative functional study of 25 patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis (author's transl)].

Pulmonary function in 25 patients with intrathoracic sarcoidosis was studied by three different methods: clinical, as related to the presence or absence of dispnea; response to corticoid treatment, and roentgenologic stage. A total of 60 examination were made on the 25 patients. Each examination included: pulmonary volume (vital capacity and RV/CT coefficient), ventilatory mechanics (elastance, resistance, critical flow, and specific conductance), and gas exchange (DCO/VA and (A-a) O2). The following results were obtained from statistical evaluation of the mean values compared with normal values: 1) patients with dyspnea showed a greater pulmonary elastance and (A-a) O2 than normal; 2) treatment with corticoids only produces an improvement in the diffusion capacity in respect to the total volume (DCO/VT); 3) examinations corresponding to the three different roentgenologic stages varied only in pulmonary volume and only when stage III was compared with stages I and II; 4) the terminal stage of the disease is physiologically similar to the typical pattern of emphysema.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Drowning and near-drowning: current concepts and neutrophil function studies.

A near-drowning by a young man in an indoor pool is reported, and the current concepts of therapy are discussed. Laboratory studies of the patient's neutrophil function and chemotactic response were performed on the day of admission and on hospital days 2 and 4. Neutrophil function and chemotaxis were equal to control values, indicating no effect of near-drowning on these aspects of the host immune system. Hospital admission and supportive therapy including intubation, positive end-expiratory pressure, steroids, and antibiotics are recommended, if necessary, in management of the nearly drowned patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Free grafts of autologous and homologous ureter. A functional study.

A free graft of autologous ureter will survive functionally when implanted subcutaneously whether replacing ureter or urethra, provided that the adventitia containing its longitudinal blood supply has been removed. A free graft of similarly stripped homograft ureter, although surviving initially, will eventually stenose and be rejected in the usual manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Pulmonary function studies and oxygen transfer in patients with liver cirrhosis and different degree of portasystemic encephalopathy.

Pulmonary function and oxygen transfer was studied in five patients with cirrhosis of the liver and different degrees of portasystemic encephalopathy. Four patients were restudied after a change in CNS function. The contribution of various parameters of pulmonary gas exchange to the unsaturation found was evaluated employing the graphic analysis described by King and Briscoe. The following results were obtained: (1) there was no inequality of ventilation as judged by a nitrogen washout study; (2) a large true venous admixture was found in all patients; (3) in four patients studied twice venous admixture was larger when mean EEG frequency was lower; (4) besides the true venous admixture a low overall D/Q ratio was an important factor contributing to unsaturation in most cases; (5) in some cases a decreased overall V/Q ratio contributed to the unsaturation. This decreased V/Q ratio appeared to be due to an increase in pulmonary perfusion without a concomitant rise in ventilation. Changes in pulmonary perfusion pathways are suggested as the most likely cause of the defect in oxygen transfer found in patients with cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The place of radioisotopic lung function studies in paediatrics.

An analysis of the clinical value of radioisotopic lung function (RLF) tests has been carried out on the results of studies in 123 children with heart or lung disease. The overall incidence of useful RLF tests was 53%, but in children between 6 months and 6 years the incidence was higher (69%). The incidence of useful RLF test was similar whatever the question to be answered, although rather higher when information about differential pulmonary blood flow was required. Lists of conditions are presented for which the incidence of useful RLF tests is likely to be high (72%), moderate (46%), and low (14%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Possibility of applying dynamic electrocardiography to function studies in flight].

A new dynamic ECG apparatus that has been operating since last June in a Roman Diagnosis Centre is described. The apparatus enables pilot cardiovascular function to be studied during flight. On the basis of long personal experience of tourist flying (single and twin engine craft), the exceptional usefulness of this apparatus for monitoring changes which the stress of flying can provoke in a pilot's cardiovascular apparatus is pointed out.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1975

A computer program for calculation and interpretation of pulmonary function studies.

A computer program to calculate and interpret the standard pulmonary function tests has been developed on a programmable calculator system. The program computes both predicted and measured values for static and dynamic lung volumes, airways resistance and diffusing capacity. It then checks for differences between predicted and obtained values and interprets them according to a specific, clinically useful set of diagnostic criteria. By acquisition of a reliable and easy-to-use data processing system, a pulmonary function laboratory can significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of its day-to-day work.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Kidney function study of healthy persons by the 131I-hippuran renography method under prolonged hypokinesia].

The paper describes renography studies (using I131-hippurane) of the renal function of 28 test subjects who participated in 30- and 120-day bed rest experiments. Typical changes in the vascular, secretory and evacuatory segments of renograms were noted. The delay in the isotope absorption and excretion from the blood and kidneys was mostly expressed by the end of bed rest. A relationship between renographic changes and renal blood flow as well as between renal excretion of water and sodium at different experimental stages was established. The above changes in the renal function were functional and associated with changes in the systems controlling the fluidelectrolyte metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The intrinsic innervation of the canine heart: a functional study.

The intrinsic innervation of the heart has been described anatomically but seldom, functionally. These experiments were designed to verify and to evaluate the influence of intrinsic neural activation on the contractility of the atria and ventricles. Nine mongrel dogs underwent total cardiac denervation using the Geis two-stage technique. Following recovery, they were placed on total cardiopulmonary bypass. Balloons were inserted into each cardiac chamber, filled with saline, and used to record atrial and ventricular isovolumic pressures in response to intracoronary drug injections. The hearts were paced to avoid rate changes. Acetylcholine (ACh) (0.05-1.0 mug) was given to assess direct effects on the myocardium; nicotine (NIC) (25-200 mug) was used to produce indirect inotropic effects. d-Tubocurare (dTC) (1.0-2.5 mg) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) (10-30 mug) were used to differentiate the direct and the indirect effects. Both ACh and NIC produced qualitatively similar negative inotropic responses in both atria and ventricles. dTC usually produced a significantly greater blockade of responses to NIC than toACh. TTX administered to 12 other denervated dogs to differentiate direct and neurally mediated responses, completely blocked NIC-induced negative inotropy but did not change responses to ACh. The data show that (1) the intrinsic cardiac innervation can exert significant negative inotropic effects on atria and ventricles (10 to greater than 30%); (2) there is no functional evidence of participation by chromaffin cells in the inotropic responses to intrinsic nerve activation; (3) the negative inotropy produced by NIC is sensitive to dTC and, especially, TTX blockade. This is consistent with the mechanism of action being intrinsic neural stimulation.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1976

[Points of articulation of phonems of the French language. Functional study].

In dento-facial orthopedics, the orthophonist accomplishes a technical work. He establishes the functional examination, corrects troubles of phonetic articulation bound to the different dysmorphozes; moreover he also corrects deglutition and provides training for the speech motricity of the mouth.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1977

[The effect of sympathomimetric drugs on exocrine pancreatic function. Studies in the isolated cat pancreas (author's transl)].

This study reports on effects of beta-sympathomimetic drugs on the exocrine function of the isolated cat pancreas. The injection of these drugs resulted in an increase of pancreatic protein and enzyme secretion, the excretion of calcium into the juice and the rate of volume output were not changed. The enzyme secretion was inhibited by different adrenolytic drugs (phenoxybenzamine, practolol, butoxamine), by tetracain, hemicholinium, and atropine. The pancreatic function of cats pretreated by reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine was not altered. It is concluded, that beta-sympathomimetic drugs influence the pancreatic protein and enzyme secretion in a cholinergic way. These results are consistent with those of other investigators showing a suppressibility of the isoproterenol-induced pancreatic amylase secretion by atropine.

Acetylcholine↗