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PubMed1978

Father-absent and father-present families of disturbed and nondisturbed adolescents.

In a study of intact and of father-absent families, male adolescent disturbance in both groups was found to be related to less warm, supportive, and expressive intrafamilial relations; less of a family orientation toward personal growth; and less successful participation in extrafamilial involvement. Disturbance in father-absent boys was not related to negative father-typing by the mother or maternal restrictions, and the findings do not support the assumption of family conditions peculiar to the father-absent home as a factor in adolescent pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Excessively crying infant in the family: mother-infant, father-infant and mother-father interaction.

METHOD: We studied mother-infant, father-infant and mother-father interaction in 32 families with an excessively crying infant and in 30 control families. The group with excessive criers was divided further into subgroups of severe colic (n=13) and moderate colic (n=19). The three dyads of the family were video-recorded when the infants were an average of 5 weeks old. The assessment was carried out during the infant's feeding, nappy change and discussion between the parents. During the assessment, only four infants were crying. The Parent Child Early Relational Assessment Scale and the Beavers Scale were used. RESULTS: The main findings suggest that both parents of colicky infants had less optimal parent-child interaction compared with the control parents. The problems in the interaction were most pronounced between the fathers and infants in the severe colic group. The father-infant interaction was less optimal in 13 items of 65 (20%) in the severe colic group, in one item of 65 (2%) in the moderate colic group and in none of the items in the control group. The mother-infant interaction was less optimal in six items out of 65 (9%) in the severe colic group, in three items out of 65 (5%) in the moderate colic, and in none of the items in the control group. Severely colicky infants were also less competent in interacting with their parents. In addition, interaction between the parents was more often dysfunctional in the severe colic group. CONCLUSIONS: The problems in early family interaction may threaten the well-being of families with excessively crying infants and they therefore deserve special attention from the health care professionals.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The impact of the child's deficiency on the father: a study of fathers of mentally retarded and of chronically ill children.

Psychological assessments of fathers of mentally retarded, of chronically ill, and of healthy children indicate that the first two groups undergo significant stress associated with their fathering a handicapped child. Some fathers of mentally retarded children appear subject to a pattern of neurotic-like constriction. Differences in the experiences of fathers and mothers of deficient children are discussed, and suggestions for treatment are offered.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The development and validation of the attitude toward father scale. A tool for assessing the father's role in children's behavior problems.

Numerous measures assess how parental influences may relate to children's development of psychological difficulties. The majority of such measures focuses specifically on the mother-child relationship or assume both parents contribute equally and similarly to their children's psychological well-being. Previous research has largely ignored the need to assess the father-child relationship when examining parental influences on behavior problems. The goal of the present study was to develop and validate a self-report questionnaire to assess the father-child relationship. The Attitude Toward Father Scale was developed and validated using three independent samples of college undergraduates. The scale, which includes three subscales, was shown to have good psychometric properties. It was found effective in examining associations between father-child relationship scores and scores on adjustment measures. Findings showed total scale and subscale scores associated with measures of stress, alcoholism, hostility, depression, anxiety, and paranoia. Implications of findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of fathers of high-risk newborns and fathers of healthy newborns.

Eighteen fathers of healthy newborns were matched and compared with 18 fathers of newborns with health problems at birth to determine if there is a relationship between the newborn's health status and paternal perceptions, behaviors, and adjustment to fatherhood. A series of questionnaires were administered during the newborn's hospitalization and at 1 and 3 months after discharge. Fathers of newborns with health problems performed significantly more infant care (p less than 0.005) behaviors and were found to have higher adjustment to parenthood scores (p less than 0.0381) 1 month after discharge than fathers of healthy newborns. No differences were found between the two groups 3 months after discharge.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Children of alcoholic fathers and recovered alcoholic fathers: personal and family functioning.

Twenty-one adolescent children of recovered alcoholic fathers and 14 children of alcoholic fathers were compared with 35 sociodemographically matched children on aspects of family and personal adjustment, the parent-child relationship and perceptions of alcoholism. Children of recovered alcoholics and controls rated their families as happier and more trusting, cohesive, secure and affectionate than children of families where father still drank alcohol. Adolescents scored similarly on measures of self-esteem and locus of control, but children of alcoholics were less happy with their lives. The three groups did not differ in their relationships with either parent. Children of alcoholic or recovered alcoholic fathers were less likely to attribute alcoholism to internal causes than controls, however, and were more positive about alcoholics and their recovery.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

"That man's father is my father's son": the roles of structure, strategy, and working memory in solving convoluted verbal problems.

Normative data (N = 896) collected on solutions to the traditional reasoning problem "Brothers and sisters have I none,/That man's father is my father's son" was the platform for a set of experiments to investigate the roles of problem structure, subject strategy, and working memory in error making in a class of verbal problems. The normative data revealed that the modal, but incorrect response to the brothers and sisters problem was "himself," whereas the correct response of "son" was given by only 17% of subjects for the traditional version above, rising to 40% for a reordered novel version. This problem's structure, identified as a double-modifier structure, was found to produce similar response patterns across a range of verbal problems. Results from (1) syntactical structure manipulations (e.g., "My father's son is the father of that man"), and (2) efforts to teach subjects to use a linear strategy (a sequence of steps), interpreted within a framework of Just and Carpenter's (1992) capacity theory of comprehension, suggested that working memory overload varies across within-structure modifications and subjects. Furthermore, this overload may be compounded by subjects' choices of strategy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Gay fathers: evolution of the gay-father identity.

Interview data from an exploratory study of 18 gay fathers indicate that identity congruence evolves over time as these men participate in both the world of fathers and the world of gays. Disclosure of each identity in the opposite world, and the acceptance of both identities by intimate others, are also crucial to the gay father's achievement of self-acceptance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

In search of the absent father--meta-analyses of infant-father attachment: a rejoinder to our discussants.

In our meta-analysis on sensitivity and attachment, studies on the role of the father in the development of infant attachment were excluded. In this rejoinder to our discussants, we present new meta-analytic evidence on the association between paternal sensitivity and infant-father attachment (combined effect size r[544] = .13; k = 8 studies; N = 546 families), and on the association between infant-mother and infant-father attachment (overall correlation phi = .17; k = 14 studies; N = 950). Combining the findings from several earlier meta-analyses, we present a data-based model of attachment within the family system.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Fathering and early onset conduct problems: positive and negative parenting, father-son attachment, and the marital context.

Research literature linking negative and positive aspects of the father-child relationship with early onset conduct problems is reviewed. Evidence from the Preschool Families Project, a longitudinal study of clinic-referred preschool boys at risk for conduct disorder, is presented, including previously unpublished data on father-child attachment. Both negative (e.g., harsh, angry, and physically punitive) and positive (involvement, warmth, and secure attachment) dimensions of fathering, as well as aspects of the marital relationship, appear to be associated with the emergence of early onset conduct problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of the New Fathers Network on first-time fathers' parenting self-efficacy and parenting satisfaction during the transition to parenthood.

The effectiveness of an Internet-based intervention, the New Fathers Network, was tested in improving first-time fathers' parenting self-efficacy and parenting satisfaction during the first 8 weeks following their infants' birth as compared with no intervention (Comparison Group). Parenting self-efficacy and satisfaction scores for the Intervention Group significantly improved from 4 to 8 weeks; parenting self-efficacy and satisfaction scores for the Comparison Group to which no intervention was given did not change significantly. Participants were primarily satisfied with the New Fathers Network.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

A survey and description of projects that support and promote fathering in Canada: still work to do to reach fathers in their real-life settings.

This study aimed to identify the characteristics of current Canadian intervention programs designed to support father involvement. Sixty-one projects in the 10 provinces constituted the sample. Results show that most of the projects operate on limited budgets. The activities they offer mostly target fathers themselves to the exclusion of key people in their social environment. The discussion underscores the strenghts and weaknesses of father support programs, and guidelines for future intervention in this area are proposed.

Canada↗
PubMed1998

Fathers and absent fathers: sociodemographic similarities in Britain and the United States.

Using data from the British Household Panel Survey and the National Survey of Families and Households in the United States, we present a sociodemographic profile of fathers and compare the determinants of absent fatherhood in each country. Although fatherhood has a younger profile in the United States, especially for blacks, predictors of fathers' residency with their children are remarkably similar in the two countries. In both countries, the strongest predictor of a father's absence is the parent's relationship to each other at the time of the child's birth. Policy implications of this finding are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Bone-marrow transplant from father to son and subsequent graft from son to father.

An 11-year-old boy with acute myeloblastic leukaemia in first remission received an allogeneic mismatched bone-marrow transplant (BMT) from his father in 1979; subsequent HLA typing showed that his haemopoietic system had been repopulated by the donor cells. In 1986 hypereosinophilic syndrome, secondary to a T-cell lymphocytic lymphoma, developed in the father, then aged 45 years. A full haematological remission was obtained by means of standard acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treatment. He then received melphalan, total body irradiation, and a BMT from his son. Graft-versus-host disease was transient in both patients, and father and son remain well and disease-free 20 months and 10 years, respectively, after BMT.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2004

The relations among depression in fathers, children's psychopathology, and father-child conflict: a meta-analysis.

Research on parental depression is beginning to recognize the importance of studying fathers in relation to maladaptive outcomes in their offspring. Paternal depression is hypothesized to correlate with internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in children and adolescents and to compromise adaptive parent-child relationships (e.g., increased conflict). In the present paper, meta-analytic procedures were applied to this literature to address the magnitude and direction of covariation between paternal depression and children's functioning. In addition, we tested whether variation in findings could be accounted for by study characteristics. Results indicated that paternal depression was significantly related to offspring internalizing and externalizing psychopathology and father-child conflict. Larger effects for internalizing symptoms were associated with the use of community samples and symptom rating scales of internalizing problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Differences between fathers with joint custody and noncustodial fathers.

Self-reported data from 212 divorced fathers was used to investigate differences between those with joint custody and those without custody of their children. Results indicated that those with joint custody saw their children more frequently, showed greater satisfaction with their custody arrangement, and had more education than did fathers without custody. Implications for paternal involvement and child support payments are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Including the fathers' perspective in holistic care. Part 1: Findings on the fathers' experience with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

There is scant work completed on the fathers' experience with the treatment for childhood cancer. The present discussion seeks to make a contribution to deepening our holistic understanding of paediatric treatment for leukaemia by presenting findings on the paternal involvement in, and experience of, treatment for paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The understanding will be extended in Part 2 by a detailed examination of specific issues associated with the fathers' hospital experience and in particular, the difficulties they face with restraining their child-patient for treatment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Family delivery from the standpoint of fathers--can stereotypes of participant or non-participant father be fully justified?

OBJECTIVES: Family delivery is an important aspect of modern obstetrics. The aim of this study was to estimate the phenomenon of family delivery from the standpoint of participating and non-participating fathers. STUDY DESIGN: Two types of questionnaires were used in the study. Five hundred and five men were divided into two groups: (A) delivery participants and (B) delivery non-participants. RESULTS: The participants were significantly younger than non-participants. Better educated men dominated in group (A), whereas men with trade education were the majority in group (B). Low birth classes attendance among women in group (B) was noticed. All men in group (B) knew about the possibility of taking part in the delivery. Almost 100% of participants declared their satisfaction with family delivery. For non-participants, wife and media were the main source of knowledge, while for participants it was the medical staff and labor schools. CONCLUSIONS: Family labor is commonly accepted by both partners and is generally connected with positive emotions. This phenomenon is generally approved by couples with higher economical status. Family labor resignation, common among pairs with lower economical status, is caused generally by fear and lack of proper knowledge. Health care providers, through labor schools and outpatients visits, should concentrate on getting to couples, whose attitude towards family labor is negative. Educational programs and popular press articles should be prepared more thoroughly, focusing on the whole population of potential fathers.

Adult↗