Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FOREARM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Glyburide inhibits dipyridamole-induced forearm vasodilation but not adenosine-induced forearm vasodilation.

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of the vasodilator response to adenosine has not been elucidated in humans. Stimulation of adenosine receptors on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells with subsequent endothelial release of nitric oxide and opening of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels has been suggested. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of K(ATP) channels in the vasodilator response to adenosine and the nucleoside transport inhibitor dipyridamole. Methods and results In healthy male volunteers, adenosine (0.6, 1.9, 5.6, 19, 57, and 190 nmol. min(-1). dL(-1)) was infused into the brachial artery, and forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by use of strain-gauge plethysmography. Adenosine increased the FBF ratio (FBF in experimental arm/FBF in control arm) from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.2, 1.5 +/- 0.2, 2.8 +/- 0.4, 7.3 +/- 2.3, 11.1 +/- 4.1, and 12.9 +/- 3.7 for the six increasing adenosine doses, respectively. Simultaneous infusion of glyburide (INN, glibenclamide), a blocker of K(ATP) channels, did not affect this response (from 1.7 +/- 0.4 to 1.5 +/- 0.2, 2.2 +/- 0.3, 4.0 +/- 1.0, 9.3 +/- 4.0, 13.5 +/- 6.4, and 15.9 +/- 5.3 for the 6 increasing doses of adenosine, respectively; P =.439, n = 6). The increase in FBF ratio during infusion of the nucleoside transport inhibitor dipyridamole (20, 60, and 200 nmol. min(-1). dL(-1)) was significantly reduced by glyburide, as follows: from 1.2 +/- 0.1 to 1.7 +/- 0.2, 2.4 +/- 0.5, and 2.9 +/- 0.4, respectively, during saline solution and from 1.6 +/- 0.2 to 1.8 +/- 0.2, 2.1 +/- 0.3, and 2.2 +/- 0.4, respectively, during glyburide (P =.010 for effect of glyburide on response from baseline, ANOVA for repeated measures; n = 8). The vasodilator response to dipyridamole was significantly inhibited by the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline. CONCLUSION: Opening of vascular K(ATP) channels is involved in the forearm vasodilator response to dipyridamole but not to adenosine. Differences in stimulated cell type (endothelium for adenosine versus smooth muscle cells for dipyridamole) may underlie this divergent pharmacologic profile.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1997

Comparative study of the ipsilateral full thickness forearm skin graft in closure of radial forearm flap donor site defects.

The early experience of our unit with the technique of ipsilateral full thickness forearm skin grafting of the radial forearm flap donor site defect is described. The technique provides the advantages of a full thickness skin graft whilst avoiding the need to harvest skin from a remote area. We have compared the results with that of split skin grafts used contemporaneously for the same purpose in our unit; the advantages and disadvantages are outlined. Continued success has encouraged us to utilize this technique routinely with certain modifications which we describe.

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1995

Intraoral reconstruction with innervated forearm flap: a comparison of sensibility and reinnervation in innervated versus noninnervated forearm flap.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cutaneous sensibility and sensory reinnervation in patients who underwent intraoral reconstruction with an innervated or noninnervated forearm flap. STUDY DESIGN: Results of the use of innervated forearm flaps in oral reconstruction was compared with the use of noninnervated flaps. The evaluation of sensibility and reinnervation comprised clinical sensibility tests and immunohistochemical investigation of postoperative biopsy specimens against S-100 and neurofilament. RESULTS: The innervated flaps (4 patients) provided earlier and qualitatively better recovery of sensation than the noninnervated flaps (9 patients). Immunohistochemical investigation revealed the existence of a larger number of regularly arranged sensory nerve fibers in the cutaneous tissue of the innervated flaps than in the noninnervated flaps. Examination with an electron microscope found the structure of these nerve fibers to be well preserved in the innervated flaps, whereas nerve fibers in the noninnervated flaps were degenerative. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest (1) that the innervated flaps are superior to the noninnervated flaps not only for the repair of defects but also for the restoration of function and (2) that the innervated flaps contribute to the improvement of the quality of life for patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Reverse radial forearm fascial flap for soft tissue coverage of hand and forearm wounds.

Six patients with severe hand and forearm injuries involving open wounds and exposed structures were treated with reverse radial forearm fascial flaps and split-thickness skin grafts for soft tissue cover. There were five men and one woman aged between 16 and 36 years. Injuries included soft tissue avulsion on the dorsum of the hand and fingers, extensive flexor and extensor tendon damage, multiple phalangeal fractures, a grade IIIB open dislocation of the index to little carpometacarpal joints, a grade III open metacarpal fracture and a finger amputation. The average wound size was 9 cm in length and 7 cm in width. The mean duration of follow-up was 12 months (range, 5-20 months). All flaps healed well, and all patients were satisfied.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Chloroquine reduces blood pressure and forearm vascular resistance and increases forearm blood flow in healthy young adults.

The effects of chloroquine on resting blood pressure, forearm blood flow (FBF), and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) and on the responses to cold stimulation were studied in healthy young adults. Chloroquine sulphate (800 mg) reduced systolic pressure and increased FBF (P < 0.05) but had no effect on resting FVR. Cold immersion increased systolic pressure (from 108.8 +/- 1.7 mmHg to 127.8 +/- 6.9 mmHg; P < 0.05) diastolic pressure (from 73.4 +/- 2.7 to 95.2 +/- 6.2 mmHg; P < 0.01) and FVR (from 5.9 +/- 0.9 to 13.0 +/- 1.9 a.u.; P < 0.001) but reduced FBF (from 14.3 +/- 1.64 to 10.1 +/- 1.29 ml min-1; P < 0.05). Chloroquine reduced the increase in FVR reduced by cold stimulation (P < 0.01), but had little effect on the BF and FBF responses to cold stimulation. The hypotensive effect of chloroquine could be attributed, at least in part, to the observed fall in vascular resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Forearm oxygen consumption and forearm blood flow in healthy children and adolescents measured by near infrared spectroscopy.

UNLABELLED: The assessment of forearm oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and forearm blood flow (FBF) by means of near infrared spectroscopy has become widespread in adults, whereas in children and adolescents no data are available. The aim of the present study was to analyze VO(2) and FBF in healthy children and adolescents. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, 20 male and 20 female healthy children and adolescents were investigated. The measurements of VO(2) and FBF were performed by means of near infrared spectroscopy in combination with the venous occlusion method. RESULTS: Mean VO(2) was 0.08 +/- 0.04 ml 100 g(-1) min(-1) in male and 0.09 +/- 0.05 ml 100 g(-1) min(-1) in female subjects. Mean FBF was 1.95 +/- 1.25 ml 100 g(-1) min(-1) in male and 1.82 +/- 0.98 ml 100 g(-1) min(-1) in female subjects. No significant difference was found between male and female subjects. A significant negative correlation of VO(2) and FBF to age was observed in both groups. CONCLUSION: In the present study we were able to show that VO(2) and FBF decreased with increasing age in children and adolescents without significant differences between male and female subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The relation between carbohydrate extraction by the forearm and arterial free fatty acid concentration in man. I. Forearm work with nicotinic acid infusion.

To see if the magnitude of carbohydrate extraction by working skeletal muscle in man is inversely correlated with the arterial free fatty acid (FFA) concentration as in the heart, eighteen healthy men were studied during dynamic forearm work with and without nicotinic acid. The extraction or release of glucose, lactate and pyruvate was determined by the simultaneous sampling of blood from the brachial artery (a) and a deep vein (dv) of the active forearm. Nicotinic acid decreased the arterial FFA concentration from 498 +/- 53 to 134 +/- 12 mumol per litre plasma and this caused a decrease in calculated extraction of FFA. However, it did not affect the extraction of glucose, which was of a magnitude similar to one third of the oxidative metabolism in both situations. One of the possible reasons of this difference compared to the human heart muscle is that the exercising skeletal muscle may utilize stored substrate to a greater extent, which makes possible shifts in substrate utilized for oxidation without changes in substrate extraction. Another reason may be that FFA utilization covers a far smaller proportion of oxidative metabolism in skeletal than in heart muscle already before nicotinic acid.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood gas analysis of forearm veins--at rest and after exercise of forearm muscles and laser Doppler flowmetry of skin on the back of the palm--use in evaluation of microcirculation in diabetes type 2].

The aim of the study was to compare of nondominant forearm microcirculation in adult-type diabetes and healthy subjects with use of venous blood gasometry (vbg) sampled from basilic vein before and after exercise of antebrachial muscles and with use of laser doppler fluxometry (LDF) with optode localized in dorsal palm surface. Examinations were performed in groups of 16 diabetic patients (aged 43.5 +/- 5.7) and 16 healthy subjects (aged 39.3 +/- 7.8). After exercise of antebrachial muscles in diabetic patients in vbg were: pH higher, pO2 and satO2 lower than in healthy subjects, pCO2 and -HCO3 were not different in both group. In LDF in diabetic patients impaired hypraemic reaction, impaired heating to 40 degrees C reaction and hyperaemic reaction in this temperature were found.

Adult↗