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PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial eye infection in neonates, a prospective study in a neonatal unit.

One hundred and fifty five neonates with conjunctivitis admitted into the neonatal unit at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital were microbiologically investigated. This was to determine the bacterial aetiologic agent(s) in neonatal eye infection and highlight some risk factors. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on the pathogens isolated using the diskagar diffusion method. The incidence of conjuctivitis in the newborn was 18 per 1000 live births. Predisposing factor noted were vaginal delivery, asphyxia neonatorum and prolonged rupture of membrane. Pathogens predominantly isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (37.4%), Coagilase negative Staphylococci (12.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.2%). Antimicrobial suscepibility results revealed varied degrees of susceptibility to ofloxacin (75%), Cloxacillin, erythromycin, Gentamicin and augumentin (30%) by the gram positive bacteria while most of the gram negative were susceptible to colistin and ofloxacin (above 90%). The high incidence of bacterial eye infection should be minimized by the elimination of the risk factors and adoption of stringent aseptic measures in the care of the neonate.

Conjunctivitis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1999

Clustering of Acanthamoeba isolates from human eye infections by means of mitochondrial DNA digestion patterns.

A total of 90 Acanthamoeba isolates from human eye infections from 15 countries were clustered into distinct genotypes according to their mtDNA restriction fragment patterns. Closely related digestion phenotypes (sequence difference 0.1-1.5%) were integrated into a single genotype, whereas phenotypes with greater than 4.76% difference were considered distinct. Approximately 80% of the human isolates studied fell into 7 of 22 genotypes, indicating that virulence may be associated with specific clusters of cladistic groups of Acanthamoeba. This technique is useful for large-scale surveying of this particular pathogen.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed1977

Herpesvirus in sensory and autonomic ganglia after eye infection.

In herpesvirus hominis (HVH) infections, virus harbored in the sensory ganglia is now thought to be the main source of recurrent infection at peripheral sites. Experimental HVH infection of the external eye in rabbits produces an acute infection and then latent infection of the trigeminal ganglion. In this study, acute infection of the automatic ganglia serving the eye (superior cervical and ciliary) as well as trigeminal ganglia occurred after HVH inoculation of rabbits' corneas with a herpes type 1 strain (RE). Latent virus infection was detected in the trigeminal ganglion of one of five animals tested six months after initial infection. Since the superior cervical and other autonomic ganglia serving the eye become infected during acute herpes simplex virus infection of the external eye in rabbits, it is possible that these ganglia are also sources of reinfection in recurrent herpetic disease of the eye. Following the initial eye disease with this virus strain, HVH shedding could not be demonstrated even after induction attempts by topically applied epinephrine or systemic use of cyclophosphamide. Thus, establishment of latent HVH infection in the ganglia and chronic shedding of virus into the external eye is not a constant feature of this animal model, but may depend on the specific strain of herpesvirus used.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Medulloepithelioma (diktyoma) presenting as a perforated, infected eye.

A case of embryonal medulloepithelioma (diktyoma) presenting with perforated infected eye in a 13-year-old Black African girl is described. The tumour mass occupied most of the deformed eye, and invasion of the sclera anteriorly was seen. There was no evidence of orbital or distant tumour involvement. It is suggested that with increasing age these tumours are more likely to show frankly malignant features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Eye infections in AIDS patients].

Inflammatory eye diseases in Aids patients are common. For CMV-retinitis an incidence of up to 45% is reported in the literature. Other retinal diseases such as acute retinal necrosis are less common but are difficult to treat and often follow a disastrous course. Ocular lues may present very different clinical pictures and is the great "imitator" in AIDS patients as well. In toxoplasmosis the typical chorioretinal scars next to the acute inflammatory infiltrates are commonly absent. Infections with candida occur in i.v. drug-addicts in particular. Bacterial corneal ulcers and herpetic keratitis are not more common in HIV-positive patients than in immunocompetent individuals, but the course of the disease is often more severe and prolonged. In patients with low CD4 counts Microsporus can cause painfull keratitis. Mollusca contagiosa are more common in AIDS patients and show the typical lesions, though these are greater in number (commonly more than 20) or in unusual localizations (mucous membrane).

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2005

[Immunoprophylaxis versus immunotherapy in herpetic eye infections].

The preventive and curative treatment of the eye herpetic infections involves, besides the antiviral therapy, also different approaches which can stimulate the natural protective capacity of the human body (the antiherpetic vaccine and the immunomodulation agents).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1992

[When should eye infection be suspected?].

During simple inspection of an inflamed eye it is often difficult to diagnose an infection. However, infection must be suspected, notably in cases with facilitating factors. Eye infection requires management by specialists to prevent complications which might endanger vision.

Blepharitis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunology of herpesvirus infection: immunity to herpes simplex virus in eye infections.

A gereral, overall pattern of the temporal relationship and interaction between cell and antibody-mediated immune responses following herpes simplex virus infection of the rabbit cornea can be synthesized from our studies. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) appears early following infection, at a time when mononuclear and lymphocytic cellular proliferation occur at the limbus. Interaction between specifically immune lymphocytes with virus antigens are detected by lymphocyte blastogenesis and migration inhabiting factor. During stromal keratitis, a second phase of CMI involves transient virus-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes, which destroy cells that display viral-induced antigens on their surface. Chemotatic factors generated by viral antigens alone or with antiviral antibody or by virus-sensitized lymphocytes play a role in attracting polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the cornea during stromal keratitis. Soluble mediators of CMI secreated by activated lymphocytes act both specifically and nonspecifically on virus-infected cells, allowing cell destruction and making intracellular virus available for neutralization by antiviral antibody. Cell-mediated immunity in the acute infection, diminishes with the appearance of significant antiviral antibody titers. The late phase of the corneal immune response results from a local antigen-antibody interaction and is characterized by cells predominantly of the plasmacytic type. The presence of complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies capable of destroying virus-infected cells provide an additional factor in restriction of infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eye infections after refractive keratotomy.

BACKGROUND: Ocular infections are serious and potentially vision-threatening complications of refractive keratotomy. We have performed an integrative review of published literature to address important issues concerning these complications. METHODS: Articles in MEDLINE and published manuscripts and abstracts reporting previously unpublished cases of infections after refractive keratotomy were systematically identified and reviewed. Our review did not target patients treated with relaxing incisions for postkeratoplasty astigmatism. Pertinent data were abstracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-three cases (47 episodes: 42 keratitis and 5 endophthalmitis) of infection appeared in 26 published reports from 1975 to 1994. The frequency ranged from 0.25% to 0.70%. In 22 (47%) eyes, infection occurred before 2 weeks. Thirty-five (74%) infections were located in the inferior half of the cornea, and 22 (62%) were located in the inferotemporal quadrant. Thirty-one (66%) infections were bacterial (32% gram-positive, 23% gram-negative, 9% acid fast, 496 unknown), 5% fungal, 6% viral, 19% sterile, and 4% of unknown origin. Spectacle-corrected visual acuity after conservative treatment was 20/40 or better in 70% of eyes. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in six cases. Potential associations included reoperations in 12 (26%) eyes, postoperative contact lens wear in 7 (15%), and intraoperative perforation in 7 (15%). CONCLUSIONS: The published literature indicates that infections after refractive keratotomy may compromise visual function. Approximately half of the infections occur in the first 2 weeks. Reoperations, postoperative contact lens wear, and intraoperative perforations may be significant risk factors.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1989

Severe group B streptococcal eye infections in adults.

Group B beta-haemolytic streptococci have not been described as causing invasive eye infection in adults. Our observation of 10 such infections in nine patients indicates that persons with damaged ocular surfaces are especially vulnerable.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Pseudomonas eye infections in cyclophosphamide-treated mice.

Swiss-Webster mice challenged intracorneally with varying doses of P. aeruginosa exhibit eye infection within 24 hr. as detected by corneal opacity. The infection remains localized and spontaneously heals within 4 to 6 weeks. However, when mice are pretreated with a single i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide 4 days prior to either intracorneal or anterior-chamber challenge with various bacterial cell suspensions (10(1) to 10(8)), 83% of the anterior chamber and 54% of the intracorneally challenged mice (most at higher dilutions of the bacteria) died of Pseudomonas septicemia within 48 hr. Corneal damage was histochemically and ultrastructurally observed in surviving animals by 24 to 48 hr. following challenge by either route.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Isolation of amoebae from eye infections in England.

The laboratory investigations are presented on the first two recorded cases in England of infection of the eye by free-living amoebae. The distribution and pathogenicity of these amoebae are briefly discussed and some therapeutic possibilities derived from subsequent in vitro studies.

Adult↗