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PubMed1995

Erythrocyte counts in the cerebrospinal fluid associated with continuous spinal anaesthesia.

Continuous spinal anaesthesia technique can be associated with peridural haemorrhage due to blood vessel damage caused by the needle or the catheter. We studied whether thrombosis prophylaxis or anticoagulation medications increase the risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage when continuous spinal anaesthesia is used. Twenty arthroplasty patients received low-molecular-weight heparin preoperatively and twenty-two vascular surgery patients received heparin (100 IU kg-1) peroperatively; eight of the latter patients were on regular preoperative antiplatelet medication. Twenty-four prostate surgery patients, not exposed to heparin or other drugs affecting coagulation, served as controls. A 22-gauge spinal catheter was used and bupivacaine was injected through the catheter. Within the following 24 hours, 4-5 cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected for erythrocyte counts. In the arthroplasty and the vascular group there were five patients each and in the control group seven patients with more than 100 x 10(6) l-1 erythrocytes in at least one of the samples. The highest erythrocyte count was 23900 x 10(6) l-1 in a control patient. The 24-hour sample was blood-tinged (erythrocytes > 1000 x 10(6) l-1) in two patients in the arthroplasty group, in one patient in the vascular group and in four patients in the control group. In spite of the haemorrhages detected in this study, no related neurological symptoms or other serious consequences were observed. The risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage was not increased by drugs affecting coagulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Nucleated erythrocyte count in newborn infants with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: relationship with the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and survival.

Inadequate cardiac output in fetuses with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia may cause chronic hypoxia and increased erythropoiesis. Postnatal nucleated erythrocyte counts were measured in 28 newborn infants with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia who were eligible for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Nucleated erythrocyte counts were lowest in infants who survived without ECMO, intermediate in survivors requiring ECMO, and highest in infants who died despite ECMO.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of thymus extract TFX (Polfa) on hemoglobin level and peripheral blood erythrocyte count].

Calf thymus preparation (TFX-Polfa) was administered + to 25 patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis in the II and III phase of the disease. Only patients not tolerating gold or D-penicillamine because of allergy or other complications, were included into the study. TFX was administered in a daily dose of 10 mg TFX protein i.m. for 60 consecutive days, followed by the treatment in outpatient clinic for successive++ 10 months. Statistically significant increase in the hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte counts was produced by both a 2-month intensive treatment and a 12-month of therapy with TFX.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of change in early neonatal nucleated erythrocyte counts in preterm deliveries.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether changes in nucleated erythrocyte (nRBC) counts in the early neonatal period can distinguish between causes of nRBC release. METHODS: From a data set of 465 nonanomalous singleton live births delivered at 22-32 weeks, excluding maternal diabetes mellitus, Rh isoimmunization, and chronic hypertension, 125 cases had a complete blood count with an nRBC count within 3 hours of life and at least one other value obtained within 48 hours of the first. The change in nRBC count per deciliter was calculated (delta nRBC) and was correlated with antenatal fetal assessment, neonatal outcome variables, and placental histopathology in five categories: 1) histologic acute intrauterine inflammation, 2) uteroplacental vascular lesions, 3) intraplacental vasoocclusive lesions, 4) chronic inflammation, and 5) coagulation-related lesions. RESULTS: There were 92 cases (74%) of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm labor/intact membranes (PTL) and 33 cases (26%) of preeclampsia. In PROM/PTL, multivariate analyses demonstrated that a higher uteroplacental vascular lesion score was related to more stable nRBC counts (P = .009), whereas a higher nonmyeloid count in the initial neonatal white blood cell count was related to a more rapid decrease in delta nRBC (combined r = 0.54, P < .0001). No features were related to delta nRBC in preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: In PROM/PTL, but not in preeclampsia, patterns of change in the nRBC count in the early newborn period vary with uteroplacental vascular lesions and acute inflammation. This may reflect differences in the mediators of nRBC release (erythropoietin versus cytokines) and in disease acuity.

Erythrocyte Aging↗
PubMed1981

The effect of controlled daily blood loss on the haemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count and reticulocyte count of male rats.

0.2, 0.6 or 1 ml of blood was removed from rats once daily on 17 consecutive days. Haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte counts fell rapidly until day 7 or 9 and were reflected after day 2 by an increase in reticulocytes. From 9 to 17 there was little further change and 14 days after the last bleed the haematological results were within the normal range. The increase in haemoglobin production correlated well with the increase in reticulocyte numbers.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Relationship between erythrocyte count and volume in humans and rats.

The mean corpuscular volume and concentration of blood erythrocytes in intact male rats are inversely related in the entire fluctuations range. In healthy men and women the correlation between these parameters is described by a parabola with alternating zones of positive and negative relationships. These covariations are unstable; in disease they change and sometimes are transformed into monotonous reciprocal correlations.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Arterial blood pressure. Correlation with erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration.

The relationship between arterial blood pressure and red blood cell variables was investigated in 1013 unselected persons with a blood pressure range of 90 to 225 mm Hg systolic and 50 to 145 mm Hg diastolic. Statistically significant correlations were demonstrated between mean (as well as systolic and diastolic) arterial blood pressure and red blood cell count (r = 0.27; P less than .0001), hematocrit (r = 0.28; P less than .0001), and hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.29; P less than .0001). Average arterial blood pressure was higher in men than in women (133 +/- 16/83 +/- 10 v 124 +/- 16/79 +/- 9 mm Hg, P less than .0001) and this was associated with higher values for erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit in men as compared to women. The significant correlation of blood pressure and hematocrit, which represents one important determinant of blood viscosity, points to a role for rheological factors in the long-term control of blood pressure. Moreover, it might be speculated that the sex difference in blood pressure as observed in the present study may be due, at least in part, to stimulated erythropoiesis in men as compared to women.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cold-induced increases in erythrocyte count, plasma cholesterol and plasma fibrinogen of elderly people without a comparable rise in protein C or factor X.

1. Six elderly (66-71 years) and six young (20-23 years) subjects (half of each group women) were cooled for 2 h in moving air at 18 degrees C to investigate possible causes of increased mortality from arterial thrombosis among elderly people in cold weather. Compared with thermoneutral control experiments, skin temperature (trunk) fell from 35.5 to 29.5 degrees C, with little change in core temperature. 2. Erythrocyte count rose in the cold from 4.29 to 4.69 x 10(12)/l, without a change in mean corpuscular volume, indicating a 14% or 438 ml decline in plasma volume; increased excretion of water, Na+ and K+ accounted for loss of only 179 ml of extracellular water. 3. Plasma cholesterol and fibrinogen concentrations rose in the elderly subjects from 4.90 mmol/l and 2.97 g/l (control) to 5.45 mmol/l and 3.39 g/l in the cold, and in the young subjects from 3.33 mmol/l and 1.84 g/l (control) to 3.77 mmol/l and 2.07 g/l in the cold. Increases were significant for the elderly subjects, the young subjects and the group as a whole, except for cholesterol in the young subjects, and all were close to those expected from the fall in plasma volume. 4. Plasma levels of Protein C and factor X did not increase significantly in the cold in the elderly subjects, young subjects, or the group as a whole. 5. The results suggest that loss of plasma fluid in the cold concentrates major risk factors for arterial thrombosis, while small molecules, including protective Protein C, redistribute to interstitial fluid.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early neonatal nucleated erythrocyte counts in preterm deliveries: clinical and pathologic correlations.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between the initial neonatal nucleated erythrocyte (nRBC) count and acute infection or ischemia in cases delivered before 32 weeks' gestation. METHODS: A set of 465 nonanomalous singleton live births delivered at 22-32 weeks' gestational age (GA) contained 386 cases with a complete blood count obtained by 3 hours of life, including 173 cases of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) before labor, 143 cases of preterm labor with intact membranes (PTL), and 70 cases of preeclampsia. Maternal and neonatal charts were reviewed. Placental histopathology was scored in the following five categories: acute intrauterine inflammation, uteroplacental vascular lesions, intraplacental vaso-occlusive lesions, chronic inflammation, and coagulation-related lesions. The initial nRBC count (nRBCs/100 white blood cells [WBC] x WBC count/dL) was analyzed. RESULTS: In PROM and PTL (controlling for GA), the nRBC count was directly related to the maternal WBC count (PTLP = .018), maternal temperature within 24 hours of delivery (PROM P = .014), initial neonatal WBC count (PROM P < .0001; PTL P = .0004), total myeloid elements (PROM P = .005, PTL P = .009), total nonmyeloid elements (PROM P < .0004, PTL P < .0001), and total placental acute inflammatory score (PROM P = .04, PTL P = .02). In preeclampsia, cytotrophoblast proliferation (P = .02), villous edema (P = .008), "hemorrhagic endovasculitis" (P = .04), and histologic abruption (P = .0006) were directly related to the nRBC count. In well-grown, nonacidotic, nondepressed preterm infants, the nRBC count was independent of gestational age, with the 90th percentile at 5229 nRBC/dL. CONCLUSION: When preterm PROM and PTL are accompanied by acute ascending infection, nRBC release may be a fetal response to the inflamed environment. In preterm preeclampsia, nRBC elevation marks uteroplacental hypoperfusion.

Adult↗