Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Emollients”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Cutting oil dermatitis on guinea pig skin. (II). Emollient creams and cutting oil dermatitis.

The effect of repeated exposure of cutting oil on 8 guinea pigs' skin was evaluated by visual scoring for erythema and skin water vapour loss (SVL) measurement over a 6-week period. The visual scores (measuring severity of erythema) and SVL values were significantly higher on skin treated with cutting oils (positive control) compared to untreated skin (negative control) throughout the study period. The scores and SVL values returned to near-baseline values when cutting oil application was stopped. In addition, the effect of 2 "after-work" emollient creams on 8 guinea pigs' skin repeatedly treated with a cutting oil was assessed by similar methods. The visual scores and SVL values of guinea pig skin that was repeatedly treated with the cutting oil and moisturized with "after-work" emollient creams, were significantly higher than negative and positive control guinea pig skin. It appeared that the 2 "after-work" emollient creams do not alleviate the irritant effect of the cutting oil on guinea pig skin. They appeared to aggravate the irritant effect of the cutting oil.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Modulation of atopy patch test reactions by topical treatment of human skin with a fatty acid-rich emollient.

Measures directed at improving the skin barrier function are thought to be effective in preventing reexacerbation of atopic dermatitis, but direct proof of a prophylactic effect of emollients has been elusive. In the present study, the atopy patch test has been employed as a model for the initiation phase of atopic dermatitis in order to assess whether pretreatment of non-lesional skin with a fatty acid-rich emollient (Eucerin Omega Creme) has a prophylactic effect in patients with atopic dermatitis. Pretreatment of test sites with Eucerin Omega Creme either prevented or diminished the development of eczema, as compared with untreated control test sites in the same patients (n = 38). These studies indicate that the use of fatty acid-rich emollients prevents the development of atopic eczema. They also demonstrate that the atopy patch test can be used to assess the capacity of a given regimen to exert prophylactic effects in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Emollients and photo(chemo)therapy: a call for caution.

BACKGROUND: Emollients used for skin care, treatment of a disease or lubrication, before irradiation during the course of phototherapy or photochemotherapy, may significantly interfere with the transmission of UV light and may influence the outcome of the therapy. OBJECTIVE: These experiments should characterize and quantify the possible interactions of usual emollients with UV light transmission. METHOD: The method was an in vitro technique similar to the one already used for the determination of sun protection factors of topical sunscreen preparations. RESULTS: Among the products tested, two showed a significant photoprotection capable of interfering with the course of therapy. Oils enhanced UV light transmission significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Emollients may show significant interference with UV light transmission during phototherapy or photochemotherapy. The outcome and course of the therapy could thus be significantly modified.

Contraindications↗
PubMed2000

Emollients in the prevention of frostbite.

47% of Finnish conscripts had had at least one frostbite of the head (42% on the ears, 23% on the face) at the age of 19. Non-medicated ointments are traditionally used in Finland for protection against facial frostbite without scientific evidence of their benefit. In studies on cold protecting emollients it was found that 21% of the male conscripts in Finland had used them in the cold. 84% of the users had experienced their effect as somewhat or clearly protective. However, in a controlled prospective epidemiological study of 913 cold injuries of the head, the use of cold protective ointments was associated with an increased risk of frostbite to the head (odds ratio 4.5 for ear frostbite, 5.6 for nasal frostbite and 3.3 for frostbite on other parts of the face). The thermal insulation provided by different emollients in the cold was minimal in in vitro experiments using a skin model. In in vivo studies with test subjects the skin on the applied half of the face cooled at least as quickly as the untreated half. However, when white petrolatum was applied, the subjective skin perception of a test persons was warming in the majority of the tests, in contrast to objective measurements. "Protecting" emollients seem to cause a false sensation of safety leading to an increased risk of frostbite probably mainly through neglect of efficient protective measures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of Psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) photochemotherapy plus topical corticosteroids with PUVA plus bland emollients in the treatment of psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Psoralen Ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy is a well-established treatment of psoriasis. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical improvement in psoriasis with PUVA photochemotherapy + topical corticosteroids and PUVA + bland emollients. METHODS: Forty patients with chronic plaque type of psoriasis were divided into two equal groups each having 20 patients. PUVA therapy was given thrice weekly. In addition, patients of group-A were allowed to apply topical betamethasone 17-valerate 0.1% diluted 1 into 2 parts with plain vaseline twice daily. Patients of group-B were allowed to apply only plain vaseline over lesions twice daily. Clinical improvement in lesions was observed by decrease in the severity of erythema, scaling and plaque elevation. RESULTS: Clearance of psoriasis was achieved in 95%, of the patients treated with PUVA plus topical corticosteroids while clearance was achieved in 80% of patients treated with PUVA plus bland emollients (P = 0.0758). Median numbers of exposures for group-A were 16 & for group-B were 17.5 (p = 0.1029). Similarly, median cumulative dose in group-A was 64.5 J/cm2 & in group-B was 70.7 J/cm2 (p = 0.372). CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference in clinical improvement in psoriasis treated either by PUVA plus topical steroids or PUVA plus bland emollients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effects of topical emollient therapy on infants at or less than 27 weeks' gestation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of topical emollient therapy on fluid intake, urine output, serum electrolytes, glucose, bilirubin and other outcome measures of neonates < or = 27 weeks' gestational age (GA) with birthweight (BW) <1,000 g. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 18 infants treated with topical emollient Aquaphor, and 36 BW- and GA-matched control infants that were not treated with similar topical emollient. RESULTS: Characteristics of the study and control infants were similar: BW: 698 +/- 144 g vs. 732 +/- 134 g, GA: 25.5 +/- 1.33 weeks vs. 25 +/- 1.6 weeks and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP) 14.3 +/- 5.1 vs. 14.6 +/- 7.8, respectively. Fluid intake was lower and urine output was significantly better in Aquaphor-treated infants during the first two weeks of life. Peak serum potassium and bilirubin values were also lower in the study infants. Insulin use, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), inltraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), sepsis and duration of ventilator/oxygen use weresimilar among the groups. CONCLUSION: Infants < or = 27 weeks' gestation who had Aquaphor applied to their skin from birth required less fluids and had better urine output. These infants had lower serum potassium and bilirubin values during their first two weeks of life. Therefore, we conclude that topical Aquaphor application to thee skin is beneficial for fluid and electrolyte balance in extreme preterm infants.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Emollient treatment for childhood eczema: involving children and parents.

Emollients are the mainstay of managing eczema but many children find them tedious and unpleasant to apply and they are thought to be under-prescribed and underused. This paper discusses the advantages of involving children and parents in treatment, and of giving them a choice of emollients and the chance to try out different ones at different times of day and at night. The author suggests practical ways of making emollient therapy more fun for children, for example by decorating tubs and other containers and applying creams to dolls and other suitable toys. Children, as well as adults, can become"expert patients" and any good ideas that they have can be shared with other children with eczema. Experience suggests that getting them more involved will improve concordance with treatment. It should be acknowledged that managing chronic eczema in children and young people is hard and it is important to praise and encourage the efforts that children and their parents are making.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of clobetasol propionate emollient 0.05% in the treatment of patients with dry, scaly, corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses.

The use of topical corticosteroids has significantly enhanced the treatment of patients with dermatoses such as psoriasis and eczema. In particular, group I high-potency corticosteroids such as clobetasol propionate have proved safe and effective for limited-course treatment of inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of moderate-to-severe corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. At the same time, much effort has gone into devising more effective strategies for addressing the dry skin conditions associated with various dermatologic disorders. An emollient added to a steroid, although not itself an active ingredient, can help restore the normal moisturizing process of the skin; this may be particularly important in soothing the discomfort of the dry skin conditions often encountered in moderate-to-severe dermatoses. In addition, the degree of epidermal hydration can affect the penetration of steroids into the skin. Therefore, successful outcomes in the treatment of patients with corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses may involve more than use of an effective topical steroid. This article examines a currently available cream formulation of 0.05% clobetasol propionate containing moisturizers--emollients, dimethicone, and a humectant--that may contribute to improved moisture content in treated skin. A review of recent studies shows that clobetasol propionate emollient cream is well tolerated and effective in courses of up to 4 weeks for the treatment of patients with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1997

Tretinoin emollient cream for photodamaged skin: results of 48-week, multicenter, double-blind studies.

BACKGROUND: The ability of topical tretinoin to improve certain signs of skin photodamage has been shown previously. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the effectiveness of tretinoin emollient cream in maintaining or further improving photodamaged skin during extended use. METHODS: Photodamaged subjects who completed 24 weeks of once-daily use of tretinoin emollient cream 0.05% (n = 149) or 0.01% (n = 149) continued to use the same strength formulation in a 24-week double-blind extension. RESULTS: Maintenance of improvement or continued reduction in signs of photodamage was noted in both investigators' and subjects' evaluations of the 0.05% and 0.01% preparations; these results were confirmed by skin replica analyses. Cutaneous side effects were less common during the extension study than during the first 24 weeks of therapy. CONCLUSION: Both strengths of tretinoin emollient cream (0.05% and 0.01%) appeared safe and effective in the treatment of photodamaged skin during a 48-week treatment period.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1997

Sustained improvement in photodamaged skin with reduced tretinoin emollient cream treatment regimen: effect of once-weekly and three-times-weekly applications.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have documented reversal of long-term photodamage with once-daily applications of topical tretinoin. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the effectiveness of tretinoin emollient cream in maintaining improvement in photodamage with a reduced frequency of applications. METHODS: A total of 126 subjects who completed 48 weeks of once-daily treatment with tretinoin emollient cream 0.05% were enrolled for an additional 24 weeks of tretinoin once weekly, three times weekly, or no therapy. RESULTS: The clinical improvement observed during 48 weeks of once-daily treatment was sustained with three-times weekly applications and to a lesser extent with once-weekly dosing, whereas effects tended to regress in subjects off therapy. The overall incidence of adverse events in the skin and subcutaneous tissues appeared to vary with dose frequency. CONCLUSION: After 48 weeks of once-daily treatment, the continued use of tretinoin emollient cream 0.05% at a dose of three times per week maintains and, in some cases, may further enhance improvement in photodamage. Discontinuation of therapy results in some reversal of beneficial effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Prednicarbate emollient cream 0.1% in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis, common among infants and children, is an intensely pruritic, chronic, inflammatory dermatosis that is traditionally treated with emollients for dry skin and topical corticosteroids for inflamed areas. A multicenter, 3-week, open-label study evaluated prednicarbate emollient cream 0.1%, a nonhalogenated midpotency corticosteroid, in 55 patients aged 4 months to 12 years who were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. No suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was evidenced by serum cortisol levels obtained before and after intravenous injection of 250 mg of cosyntropin on days 1 and 22, and biochemical tests detected no other systemic effects. Adverse events were few and within the expected range. Prednicarbate resulted in improvements based on global evaluations and sign/symptom scores. In conclusion, this study found prednicarbate emollient cream 0.1% to be safe and effective for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients for up to 3 weeks.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

Problems with trials and intervention studies on barrier creams and emollients at the workplace.

The potential effect of barrier creams or emollients in the prevention of work-related hand eczema has mostly been documented in a laboratory setting on experimentally damaged skin. Publications on real intervention studies of barrier creams or emollients in a workplace setting are scarce: only four such studies could be identified. The relatively short follow-up of most studies, and the small numbers of subjects enrolled, may reflect the organisational complexity of such studies. The observed effect is a combination of the intervention effect to be measured, and a number of disturbing variables. These disturbing variables are not just measurement error, but also phenomena such as the course of the disease, confounding and effect modification. In hand-eczema studies, the outcome parameters that should form the basis of the intervention effect are ill defined. Moreover, the study itself (i.e. the investigators) influences the results because there is rarely a single intervention: unknowingly, there are improvements in glove wearing, hand-washing habits or occupational hygiene in general. The performance of a blind study is often difficult or impossible. Large numbers of subjects have to be enrolled if a meaningful reduction in incidence of hand eczema is to be detected. One can demonstrate this by calculating the required enrollment in a study among employees in a nursing home.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Isolation of Alternaria alternata from an emollient cream: implications for public health.

A specimen of emollient cream, which was observed to be contaminated peripherally with a filamentous fungus was examined for the presence of fungi and the resulting fungal colonies were examined phenotypically and genotypically. Subsequent DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the large internal transcribed spacer region [ITS1-5.8S-ITS2] yielded an amplicon of 512 bp. Sequence analysis identified this as Alternaria alternata at the 100% homology level with all 512/512 bases called. This organism has been previously reported as a cause of opportunistic infections involving skin and immunocompromised patients. This is the first report of an emollient cream as a source of this organism. It highlights the need for proper management of such preparations in order to minimize the potential spread of fungi to susceptible patient populations.

Alternaria↗
PubMed2000

Adhesives and emollients in the preterm infant.

This chapter focuses on recent advances in preterm infant skin care related to skin adhesion and skin emolliency. Different types of adhesives and hydrating agents are reviewed. Clinical applications are best guided by understanding the biology of epidermal barrier development. The role of xeric stress in accelerating formation of the stratum corneum is discussed along with the effects of occlusive agents and emollients on wound healing and epidermal barrier repair. The principles of skin moisturization are introduced. The concept is advanced that programmatic changes in skin adhesion and water handling occur during the normal ontogeny of superficial biofilms (sebum, sweat, acid mantle).

Adhesives↗
PubMed1994

A comparative study of the frictional properties of emollient bath additives using porcine skin.

The coefficient of friction of 14 prescribable bath emollients was determined using porcine skin attached to a loaded plunger placed through a bearing in a friction-measuring carriage, held above a reciprocating table powered by a DC motor. The carriage was mounted in low-friction rollers, and restrained by a piezo-electric force transducer connected to an amplifier and recorder. Friction was measured at room temperature, and at 45 degrees C. Emulsifying ointment and Bath E45 had the highest coefficients of friction, at room temperature and 45 degrees C, respectively, and Emmolate and Hydromol had the lowest. Nine of the 14 emollients had a lower coefficient of friction at 45 degrees C, one had a coefficient of friction which was the same at both temperatures, and four had a coefficient of friction which was higher at 45 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of an emollient as a steroid-sparing agent in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in children.

The effectiveness of an emollient as an adjunct to topical corticosteroid therapy for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis was studied for 3 weeks in 25 children 3 to 15 years of age in comparison with corticosteroid therapy alone. The adjunctive regimen of a once-daily application each of hydrocortisone 2.5% cream and of a water-in-oil cream was equivalent in efficacy to the comparative regimen of twice-daily applications of hydrocortisone 2.5% cream. Both treatment regimens elicited significant improvement in skin condition by day 7 ( p < 0.005) and further significant improvement by day 14 (p < 0.005). No significant differences between the two treatment regimens were observed in the rates of improvement (p > 0.545) or in the reductions in mean lesion size (p > 0.98). No differences were observed in parental evaluations, except for ease of application where a slight preference was expressed for the hydrocortisone 2.5% cream preparation (p < 0.038). We conclude that emollient adjunctive therapy offers a steroid-sparing alternative to topical corticosteroids alone in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

Acute irritant reaction to an antiseptic bath emollient.

Antiseptic bath emollients are commonly prescribed for treatment of eczema and are generally safe for frequent application. Although acute irritant reactions are uncommon it is nevertheless recognised and could have significant morbidity. This case describes a young male patient who developed an acute irritant reaction localised to the external genitalia, mimicking Fournier's gangrene, after overnight application of Oilatum Plus antiseptic bath emollients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Exploring the use of emollient therapy in dermatological nursing.

This article explores how nurse prescribing has enabled patients with dry itchy skin to choose the product most suitable for the severity of their dry skin with the nurse. This is done through education, negotiation and trial of emollients. Health practitioners should ensure that patients understand how the environment challenges the skin, the processes of inflammation and ageing and how emollients used on a regular basis can support the epidermal barrier. Practical advice on technique of application is as essential to the concordance of the treatment as is the choice of product to be prescribed.

Eczema↗