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PubMed1990

The evolution of editorial peer review.

Practically no historical accounts of the evolution of peer review exist. Biomedical journals appeared in the 19th century as personal organs, following the model of more general journalism. Journal editors viewed themselves primarily as educators. The practice of editorial peer reviewing did not become general until sometime after World War II. Contrary to common assumption, editorial peer review did not grow out of or interact with grant peer review. Editorial peer review procedures did not spread in an orderly way; they were not developed from editorial boards and passed on from journal to journal. Instead, casual referring out of articles on an individual basis may have occurred at any time, beginning in the early to mid-19th century. Institutionalization of the process, however, took place mostly in the 20th century, either to handle new problems in the numbers of articles submitted or to meet the demands for expert authority and objectivity in an increasingly specialized world.

History, 19th Century↗

PubMed2006

Representations of people with HIV and hepatitis C in editorials of medical journals: discourses and interdiscursive relations.

HIV and hepatitis C are blood-borne viruses that cause chronic diseases and affect (in parts of the developed world) predominantly groups that are marginalized and discriminated against: gay men and injecting drug users, respectively. This paper compares the representation of people with HIV and hepatitis C in editorials of medical journals between 1989 and 2001. Analysis is informed by critical discourse analysis and systemic functional linguistics. Hepatitis C editorials draw almost exclusively on the discourse of biomedicine, and patients are either absent or objects in medical procedures. In HIV editorials, a variety of other discourses are integrated into the discourse of biomedicine, thereby creating multidimensional representations of people with HIV as patients and agents in medical procedures, involved in decision making, affected by economic factors, social and cultural issues. The paper discusses the role of the gay community in discursive change and argues that discursive diversity in the representation of people infected with HIV and hepatitis C in medical journals is necessary for health policy, the professional development of healthcare providers, and media reporting to the general public.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[North-South relations in scientific publications: editorial racism?].

The aim of the present study was to comment on the possible existence of editorial prejudice among the editors of scientific journals from Northern countries against Southern authors. We highlight that a study using bibliometric methods documented an important imbalance in terms of the international scientific production of health researchers from high-income countries (the "North") and those from low and middle-income countries (the "South"). In a survey of Brazilian researchers, three in every four blamed this imbalance, at least in part, on prejudice among international editors. This is supported by the fact that a very small percentage of editorial board members of international journals come from the South. Although prejudice can explain part of the imbalance, there are also specific measures that may increase the likelihood of a paper from the South being accepted in international journals. These include the need to invest in the quality of the written text, and to show empathy with editors and readers, emphasizing the contribution of the manuscript to the international literature. Finally, we discuss whether research carried out in the South should be published in national or international journals, and suggest that there are at least six dimensions to this choice. These include language and target audience; type of contribution to knowledge; generalizability; citation index; speed of publication; and open access. The rapid growth in the number of Brazilian contributions to the international health literature shows that editorial prejudice, although often present, can be effectively offset by research with solid methodology and good-quality presentation.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed1999

[Duration of the editorial process of the Atención Primaria journal].

OBJECTIVE: To quantify how long the different steps in the process of editing the manuscripts received by the journal Atención Primaria took. DESIGN: Retrospective, descriptive study. SETTING: The journal Atención Primaria. PARTICIPANTS: Manuscripts submitted for publication in the sections Original articles, Short articles and Letters to the Editor between January 1 and June 30 1997 (6 months). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Retrospectively, information was collected on the dates of receipt, of sending out to referees, receipt of their views and comments, sending back to the authors, receipt of their modified text or reply, of final decision on acceptance or rejection, and of publication if accepted. Of the 132 original and short articles received, 22 (16.7%) were awaiting a final decision. Of the remaining 110, 53 (48.2%) had been rejected and 57 (51.8%) accepted. The length of each step in the editorial process was less than 30 days for half the manuscripts. The time elapsed from receipt to editorial decision was less than 45 days in half the cases and 60 days on average. The time from acceptance to publication was 137 days on average. CONCLUSIONS: How long each step in the editorial process took can be considered acceptable, although the wide variability in the times taken by authors to modify their manuscripts is striking. Mechanisms must be sought to avoid the excessive delay in the publication of research, by increasing the speed of the referees' reviews and of authors' modifications.

Periodicals as Topic↗

PubMed2002

Measuring the quality of editorial peer review.

CONTEXT: The quality of a process can only be tested against its agreed objectives. Editorial peer-review is widely used, yet there appears to be little agreement about how to measure its effects or processes. METHODS: To identify outcome measures used to assess editorial peer review as performed by biomedical journals, we analyzed studies identified from 2 systematic reviews that measured the effects of editorial peer review on the quality of the output (ie, published articles) or of the process itself (eg, reviewers' comments). RESULTS: Ten studies used a variety of instruments to assess the quality of articles that had undergone peer review. Only 1, nonrandomized study compared the quality of articles published in peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed journals. The others measured the effects of variations in the peer-review process or used a before-and-after design to measure the effects of standard peer review on accepted articles. Eighteen studies measured the quality of reviewers' reports under different conditions such as blinding or after training. One study compared the time and cost of different review processes. CONCLUSIONS: Until we have properly defined the objectives of peer-review, it will remain almost impossible to assess or improve its effectiveness. The research needed to understand the broader effects of peer review poses many methodologic problems and would require the cooperation of many parts of the scientific community.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed2005

Understanding the new human genetics: a review of scientific editorials.

Developments in genetics are expected to have a profound impact on health and health care, yet much remains to be learned about how leaders of the research and clinical communities view and frame these expectations. We conducted a comprehensive review of editorials about developments in genetic medicine published in scientific journals, to understand what this elite group of commentators anticipate. Editorials are an important resource for understanding how the new genetics is understood and portrayed. They allow leaders of the research and clinical communities to communicate to each other and informed publics, and are a forum for the expression of widely shared elite beliefs and opinions. We analyzed selected editorials for content and metaphoric language to explore attitudes and expectations concerning developments in genetic science and technology. Our analysis suggests that a diverse group of leaders of the research and clinical communities are remarkably uniform in their discourse about the future of genetic medicine. Editorialists have great expectations for developments in basic science and in the comprehension and management of disease. They also anticipate important effects on health care, notably the health care professions, and on wider society. Yet editorialists do not discuss these prospects in a consistently positive or optimistic manner, and they utilize metaphoric imagery that emphasizes the inexorable nature of progress, and the sometimes ominous manner in which developments emerge. The dominant discourse of editorialists claims authority for clinicians and researchers and asserts a broad sphere of expertise, but it also positions these leaders as handmaidens of a science they do not control, and insists that their ultimate contribution is to prepare themselves and others for the inexorable march of progress.

Genetics, Medical↗

PubMed2000

Scientific journals with editorial independence: an endangered species?

Editorial freedom is one essential component in guaranteeing honesty and integrity in the standards of publishing scientific material. Two recent episodes, in which editors of leading weekly general medical journals have been removed from office by editorial management boards, represent a direct assault on this concept. These events, in combination with many other pervasive and traducing influences, especially of a commercial and financial nature, imply that editorial freedom cannot be guaranteed, even in medical and scientific publishing.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Peer review and editorial decision-making.

INTRODUCTION: This paper describes and analyses the editor's decision-making process at the British Journal of Psychiatry (BJP), and investigates the association between reviewers' assessments and editorial decisions. METHOD: Four hundred consecutive manuscripts submitted over a six-month period to the BJP were examined prospectively for assessors' comments and editorial decisions on acceptance or rejection. Interrater reliability of assessments was calculated and a logistic regression analysis investigated the effect of the rank allocated by assessors and the comprehensiveness of the assessments on the editor's decision. RESULTS: The editor sent 248/400 (62%) manuscripts to assessors for peer review. Kappa for reliability of assessors rankings was 0.1 indicating poor interrater reliability. Assessors agreed best on whether to reject a paper. A ranking of five (indicating rejection) had the greatest association with editor's rejection (P < 0.001, odds ratio 0.079), and the mean ranking of assessments was also significantly associated with editorial acceptance or rejection (P = 0.004, odds ratio 0.24). CONCLUSION: Assessors and editors tend to agree on what is clearly not acceptable for publication but there is less agreement on what is suitable.

Decision Making↗

PubMed2026

Editorial: Transdiagnostic approaches to child and adolescent mental health-Integrating development, dimensions, and mechanisms.

Co-occurrence of child and adolescent neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions is the rule rather than the exception, yet translating this insight into shared frameworks and clinical practice remains challenging. In this Editorial, we are pleased to introduce the 26 papers included in the 2026 Special Issue of JCPP Advances. This Special Issue aimed to advance our understanding of transdiagnostic mechanisms, dimensions, and practices in child and adolescent mental health, and includes original articles, reviews, commentaries, and an editorial perspective. Collectively, these articles illustrate three main 'transdiagnostic' conceptualisations; (i) mechanistic approaches identifying shared biological, cognitive, or affective processes across diagnostic boundaries; (ii) dimensional approaches mapping symptom covariance onto hierarchical structures such as the general 'p' factor and internalising, externalising, and neurodevelopmental spectra; and (iii) developmental, clinical-staging approaches treating early, non-specific features as precursors to a broad range of later outcomes. Methodologically, the current Special Issue highlights both the opportunities and limitations of large existing datasets, multi-informant assessment, and neuroimaging and genomic approaches, while underscoring the persistent difficulty of modelling transdiagnostic dimensions developmentally. Importantly, while translation into routine clinical care remains limited, the field is now well positioned to test the clinical utility and effectiveness of transdiagnostic dimensional assessments and interventions in routine care.

editorial↗

PubMed2006

[The growing challenge of the editorial process in Revista Médica de Chile].

During the recent 6 years, a growing number of manuscripts have been submitted annually to Revista Médica de Chile. In 2005 this number was 60% greater than in the year 2000. This determined an increased workload in the editorial handling of manuscripts and in the number of external peer reviewers, who were over 400 participants during 2004, each one reviewing from one to five manuscripts in that year. An increasing use of the electronic mail helps to communicate editors with reviewers and authors. However, there is yet no availability of a software in Spanish to handle all communications in the editorial process in this language. The number of pages per issue has been increased and authors have been requested to limit the extension of their manuscripts, in order to allow more accepted manuscripts to appear in a shorter period of time. At the present, an average of 8.9 months separates the date of submission to the date of publication, in those manuscripts that were accepted in revised version after external peer review. The increasing number of submissions and the fact that this journal ranks high among Chilean journals, in the number of visits to full-text articles in the web page www.scielo.cl, testify that in spite of the aforementioned limitations Revista Médica de Chile is well considered among authors and readers in Chile and other Spanish-speaking countries.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2005

[The processes of manuscript evaluation and publication in Medicina Clínica. The editorial committee of Medicina Clínica].

The decision-making process includes a series of activities undertaken in biomedical journals from the moment a manuscript is received until it is accepted or rejected. Firstly, the manuscript is evaluated by the members of the Editorial Board, who analyze both its suitability for the journal and its scientific quality. After this initial evaluation, the article is evaluated by peer reviewers, an essential process to guarantee its scientific validity. Both the Editorial Board and the peer reviewers usually use checklists which are of enormous help in this task. Once the biomedical article has been accepted, the publication process is started, which in turn includes a series of steps, beginning with technical and medical review of the article's contents and ending with the article's publication in the journal. The present article provides a detailed description of the main technical and ethical issues involved in the processes of decision-making and publication of biomedical articles.

Authorship↗

PubMed2006

Editorial: Journal of Comparative Psychology.

Both continuity and change typically mark the changing of editors at a long-established journal with extended editorial terms. Change is inherent in any dynamic field and is independent of editorship, but editors have an influence that should be wielded in a fair, responsible, judicious, and scientifically rigorous manner, while inevitably reflecting their own perspectives and values. The Journal of Comparative Psychology will continue to publish exciting, fascinating, assessable, controversial, and well-written reports on research, be the topic traditional, interdisciplinary, applied, or one breaking risky new ground. Editorial standards must be high, but appropriate for various subfields, and as editor the author will try to make those judgments carefully. The author would also like to see more submissions of brief reports describing exciting developments as well as submissions on significant theoretical, conceptual, and methodological issues during his tenure as editor.

Humans↗

PubMed2001

[Editorial].

The publication of this issue of the Zentralblatt für Neurochirurgie is an important moment in the journal's history: The members of the editorial board will hand over their responsibility. During the past decade of trusting editorial teamwork, the fruitful cooperation of the journal and the German Society of Neurosurgery has been successfully established and developed. Starting with issue 1/2002, editorship will be taken over by Prof. J. Schramm MD, Bonn, and a new Board.

Germany↗

PubMed2001

Editorial: the changing face of pathology.

As the journal advances into its 33rd volume of publication and into the new millennium, significant developments in information technology have allowed restructuring of the format, review and publishing procedures of the journal, Pathology. This in turn enables rapid publication of timely and significant articles of interest to both diagnostic and research pathologists. There is an emphasis to develop the educational and professional development aspects of the journal while maintaining a rigorous peer review process to ensure publication of high quality research and review articles. A number of changes that will facilitate these processes are outlined. The journal is also available on-line on the web in PDF format and there are considerations made to further exploit this avenue of communication for the publication of supplementary material. The Editor and Editorial Board encourages Fellows of the Royal College of Pathologists, readers and authors to communicate their views on these and other future developments with the Editorial Office.

Internet↗

PubMed2004

[The editorial handling of manuscripts submitted to Revista Médica de Chile].

This Editorial describes the steps followed by a manuscript when it is submitted to Revista Médica de Chile: its reception, format checking as requested in Instructions to Authors, and the editors' decision whether it is considered suitable for the purposes of this journal or not; the selection of peer reviewers, a direct contact with them to ask for their willingness to review this particular manuscript; an analysis by the editors of the reviewers' criticisms leading them to the decision of whether to accept it in the current version, or to return it to the authors with a request to prepare a new corrected version, or a definitive rejection; the editors' review of a corrected version (that may require again the opinion of the external reviewers) and the final decision to accept it or not; printing of the manuscript, two successive galley proofs reviewed by authors and editors; and the final printing of the journal with its simultaneous reproduction in the web page www.scielo.cl. Roughly 70% of the manuscripts are returned to the authors offering them the opportunity to resubmit a corrected version, 12% are definitively rejected and 20% are accepted in their first version. The mean time taken for an accepted manuscript since its first submission until it appears printed is currently 7.6 months. Having only part time editors and a time-limited secretarial staff efforts to shorten this time are difficult to implement, although electronic mail and fax are increasingly being used in this editorial process.

Chile↗

PubMed2001

Good editorial practice: editors as educators.

There may be valuable research going on in the developing and financially less-privileged countries, but it usually does not reach international visibility, in spite of a large number of scientific journals in these countries. Such journals are not only invisible but, by perpetuating a vicious circle of inadequacy, may be directly damaging to the local science and research culture. We call for an international action to help journal editors in less privileged countries. International associations of editors may be leaders of these activities by defining, promoting, and perhaps controlling good editorial practice, as a main criterion for international recognition of a journal. However, the editors of small journals have the power and moral obligation to become a stronghold of quality and advancement in their scientific community. Their educational "tools" are editorial integrity and author-friendly policy. Editors can teach the authors study design, statistical analysis, precision, punctuality, research integrity, style and format of writing, and other aspects of scientific communication. The editors of "big", mainstream scientific journals can act as global educators, teaching and providing guidance to editors of small journals. The editors from developed countries as leaders, and editors from less advantageous environments as teachers are the key figures in shaping research communication in less privileged scientific communities.

Croatia↗

PubMed1991

[Editorial analysis of manuscripts sent for publication in the Revista Médica de Chile].

We analyzed 121 articles published in this Journal in 1989. Papers were classified as "clinical experiences" (55%), "research articles" (31%), "public health" (10%) and "clinical laboratory" (4%). 79% of papers were elaborated in University institutions and 77% came from the area of Santiago. 23% of articles were published in the original version and 77% required rewriting by authors to comply with editorial board review. In each case, time between reception of the manuscript and acceptation for publication was 69 +/- 36 (SD) and 141 +/- 78 days, respectively. Reviewers used 35 +/- 19 days. Main observations from reviewers were: lengthy introduction (17%), unprecise statement of objective (16%), inadequate description of methods (17%) or of patient selection criteria (9%), inadequate discussion of results (19%) or unsupported conclusions (18%) and inappropriate statistical analysis (17%). The title was changed in order to make it more informative and shorter in 23%, tables were standardized in 17% and references in 24% of papers. Awareness of these findings may help authors improve their manuscripts and reduce editorial time.

Manuscripts, Medical as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Are guidelines for peer-reviewing economic evaluations necessary? A survey of current editorial practice.

We report the results of a postal survey of 150 editors of medical journals aimed at assessing editorial policy on peer-review of economic studies. 70 editors (47%) responded to the anonymous questionnaire which contained six questions. 16 (23% or respondents) claimed to have an editorial policy, most claiming acceptance of 'good evaluations'. Few (36%) had trained economists as referees and none had criteria or guidelines for peer-reviewing economic studies. This situation helps to explain the variable quality of international economic literature. There is an urgent need to produce internationally accepted sets of guidelines for authors, editors and peer-reviewers.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗